Unit+4+Scientists+who+changed+the+world.+Grammar+and+usage高中英语译林版(2020)必修第三册

牛津译林版高中英语必修三课件Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldGrammarandusage49Verb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements◆ 内容分析

本板块提供了两个与单元主题关系紧密的语篇，一篇是关于亚历山大 · 弗莱明发现青霉素的经历，另一篇是关于本杰明 · 富兰克林的风筝实验。我们在学习科学家优异特质的同时，还应重点观察、归纳、理解语篇中动词-ed形式做定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法；再通过句子、语篇两个层面的巩固练习，内化新知，从而能够准确、恰当、得体地使用目标语法；最后综合使用动词-ed形式、动词-ing形式和动词不定式完成描述科学家魏格纳发现“板块漂移”现象的写作任务。Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:1.understandthemeaningofverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements;2.summarizethegrammaticalrulesofverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements;3.useverb-edforms,verb-ingformsandto-infinitivestoorganizeaparagraphbasedonthenotesgiven.gram·mat·ical

/ɡrəˈmætɪkl/语法的；文法的in·fini·tive

/ɪnˈfɪnətɪv/（动词的）不定式A.ExploringtherulesHenryisreadingasciencemagazinearticleaboutaworld-changingdiscovery.Findtheverb-edformsinthearticleandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Greatdiscoveriescancomefromunlikelysources.Penicilliniswidelyconsidered

tobeoneofthemostimportantmedicaldiscoveriesinhistory,butitwasnotwhatAlexanderFlemingwaslookingforwhenhefounditinSeptember1928.un·like·ly

/ʌnˈlaɪkli/不大可能发生的;以相信的；不能信服的;非心目中的；非想象的AlexanderFleming/ˌælɪɡzɑːndəˈflemɪŋ/亚历山大·弗莱明（英国生物化学家、微生物学家）lookforsth期望；期待；盼望Fleming,ascientistfromScotland,returnedtohislaboratoryafteraholidayandfoundsomemouldononeofhisplatesofbacteria.Heobservedthatthebacteriasurroundingthemouldweredead.Surprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.Theresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.Hewasawarethatitcouldbeveryusefulfortreatingwounds.la·bora·tory/ləˈbɒrətri/实验室；实验大楼Formorethan10years,Fleminghadbeenresearchingpenicillinandtryingtomakeitintoaneffectivemedicine.Finally,hisworkcaughttheattentionofsomeotherscientistswhowereabletodoit.Sinceitsmassproductionbeganinthe1940s,penicillinhassavedmillionsoflives.makesb/sthintosb/sth把…变成

catchsb'sinterest/imagination/attention,etc.引起，激发（兴趣、想象、注意等）massproduction大批量生产

OnemightthinkFlemingdiscoveredpenicillinbyaccident,butactuallythisisfarfromthetruth.Hewasintelligentandexperiencedenoughtonoticeitspotential,andhishardworkanddeterminationhelpedgetitsmassproductionstarted.AsLouisPasteursaid,“Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.”farfrom(doing)sth几乎相反；远非farfromit完全相反；绝非；远非如此ex·peri·enced

/ɪkˈspɪəriənst/有经验的；熟练的;有阅历的；有见识的；老练的LouisPasteur/ˌluːipæˈstɜː(r)/路易·巴斯德（法国微生物学家）thepreparedmindSurprisedbythisgetitsmassproductionstartedWorkingouttherules•Theverb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga(n)

(1)

_______(active/passive)meaning.•Theverb-edformcanappearbeforeorafteranounorpronoun.Itmodifiesthenounorpronounlikea(n)(2)

_____________(relativeclause/adverbialclause).•Theverb-edformcanbeusedasanadverbialoranobjectcomplement.passiverelativeclauseGrammarnotesPages100–101动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作定语，有以下几种情况：1.不及物动词的-ed形式作定语，常表示已经发生的动作。如：Theroadiscoveredwithfallenleaves.2.及物动词的-ed形式作定语，通常既表示已经完成，又可以表示被动的意义。如：Usedcarsarelessexpensive.fall·en

/ˈfɔːlən/倒下的；落下的；落在地上的used/juːzd/用过的；旧的；二手的，＝second-hand

3.单个动词-ed形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前；动词-ed形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后。如：MrWangisarespectedteacher.Thescientificadvancesmentionedinyourarticleareinteresting.动词-ed形式作状语1.动词-ed形式作状语，常表示时间、原因、伴随情况等。如：Seenfromthetopofthemountain,theriverlookslikeadragon.Greatlyinterested,Ibegantoreadthebook.Theprofessorenteredthehall,followedbyagroupofstudents.2.动词-ed形式作状语，有时可以与连词一起使用。如：Hewillgothereifasked.3.动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。如：Givenmoretime,hecouldfinishthetask.(√)Givenmoretime,Ithinkhecouldfinishthetask.(×)动词-ed形式作宾语补足语动词-ed形式可在see,hear,notice,feel,have,make,keep,leave等动词后作宾语补足语。如：IhaveneverheardthissongsunginEnglish.B.ApplyingtherulesPage48B1.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsorobjectcomplements.

1.Thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraisedwonanaward.

2.Theexperimentthatismentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.3.Thepatientssoonrecoveredbecausetheyweretreatedwiththenewmedicine.Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.4.Thescientistfoundthattheequipmentinthelaboratoryhadbeendestroyed.5.Oncethisreportisfinished,itwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.

B2.HenryisreadinganarticleaboutFranklin’skiteexperiment.Completethearticlebelowwiththecorrectverb-edformsorverb-ingforms.BenjaminFranklinwasafamousscientist,writer,printer,inventorandpolitician.Asascientist,hewaswellknownforhiskiteexperiment.Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightning(1)

___________(interest)foryears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.Hedesignedanexperimenttoprovehistheory.print·er

/ˈprɪntə(r)/印刷商；印刷工人BenjaminFranklin/ˌbendʒəmɪnˈfræŋklɪn/本杰明·富兰克林（美国科学家、政治家）

go（故事）发生情况如何interesting

Heworkedoutthatbyflyingakiteduringathunderstorm,electricitycouldgothroughthewetkitelinedowntotheearth.△(2)

________(know)itwastoodangeroustoholdthewetline,Franklinheldasilkribbon(3)

____(tie)totheendofit.Hemadesurethesilkribbonstayeddrysothattheelectricitywouldnotgothroughhisbody.Thenheattachedametalkeywheretheribbonandkitelinejoined.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.(4)

__________(conduct)onastormydayin1752,hisexperimentprovedlightningwasreallyjustelectricity.join

/dʒɔɪn/连接；接合；联结;结合；联合；汇合KnowingtiedConductedFranklinhadhistheory(5)

________(accept)bymanypeople.However,somepeoplequestionedwhetherhehadactuallydonetheexperiment,(6)

________(argue)thatifhehadreallydoneit,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.Whateverthetruth,Franklindidmakecontributionstothestudiesofelectricity.ques·tion

/ˈkwestʃən/表示疑问；怀疑;正式提问；质询；问electricshock电休克；触电；电击argue主张，认为acceptedarguingB3.ReadthenotesbelowaboutAlfredWegenerandhistheoryofcontinentaldrift.Thenwriteashortparagraphusingverb-edforms,verb-ingformsandto-infinitives.Thebeginninghasbeenwrittenforyou.AlfredWegener/ˌælfrɪdˈveɪɡənə(r)/阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳（德国地球物理学家、气象学家）continentaldrift/ˌkɒntɪˌnent(ə)lˈdrɪft/大陆漂移

•LookedataworldmapandfoundtheeasterncoastlineofSouthAmericaandthewesterncoastlineofAfricacouldfittogether;•Didmoreresearchandputforwardthetheoryofcontinentaldrift;•PublishedhisideasinTheOriginofContinentsandOceans;《海陆的起源》origin

/ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/起源；源头；起因•Peopledidnotaccepthistheorypartlybecause:1)itchallengedmanytheoriesatthattime;2)Wegenercouldnotexplainthedrivingforcebehindcontinentaldrift.driv·ing强有力的；起推动作用的；推动的

Lookingataworldmap,AlfredWegenerfoundsomethingamazing:theeasterncoastlineofSouthAmericaandthewesterncoastlineofAfricaseemedtofittogether.Hedidmoreresearchtofindoutwhatcausedthis.Havingcollectedenoughevidence,heputforwardhistheoryofcontinentaldrift.ThenhehadhisideaspublishedinTheOriginofContinentsandOceans.However,peopledidnotbelieveinhistheory.Foronething,itchallengedmanyscientifictheorieswidelyacceptedatthattime.Foranother,Wegenerfailedtoexplainthedrivingforcecausingthecontinentstodriftapart.driftapart逐渐疏远;渐行渐远C.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-edforms.Page761.Themuseumwhichwasbuiltin1900isstillinexcellentcondition.Themuseum___________isstillinexcellentcondition.2.Theseatswhicharereservedforthedisabledarejustneartheentrance.Theseats_____________________arejustneartheentrance.builtin1900reservedforthedisabled3.AfterhewasencouragedbywhatJanesaid,Pe