虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

关于虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

I'dratherbeasparrowthanasnail.Yes,Iwould.IfIcould,Isurelywould.

I'dratherbeahammerthananail.Yes,Iwould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.

Away,I'drathersailaway/likeaswanthat'shereandgone.Amangetstieduptotheground./Hegivestheworlditssaddestsound,itssaddestsound.

第2页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月I'dratherbeaforestthanastreet.Yes,Iwould.IfIcould,Isurelywould.

I'dratherfeeltheearthbeneathmyfeet.Yes,Iwould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.

Away,I'drathersailaway/likeaswanthat'shereandgone.Amangetstieduptotheground./Hegivestheworlditssaddestsound,itssaddestsound第3页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月在if条件句中的用法虚拟语气!虚拟条件句IfIcould,Isurelywould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.

第4页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月Thesubjunctivemood(虚拟语气)

isusedtoexpressunrealconditionsorwishesthatareagainstthefact,eitheratpresentorinthepast,ortotalkaboutimaginedsituations

inthefuture.

第5页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来过去式(were)haddonewould/could/should/might+V(原)would/could/should/might+havedone1.过去式2.should+V.(原)3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)

虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法第6页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月

虚拟条件句的要点

1、虚拟条件句的常态句

2、虚拟条件句的省略倒装句

3、混合条件句(错综时间条件句)4、含蓄条件句

5、虚实结合第7页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月

1、虚拟条件句的常态句

第8页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月I

wouldbuyanexpensivecar.

IfIhadalotofmoney,________________________________________看图说话：用虚拟语气表达第9页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月IfIwereabird,

Icouldflyinthesky.第10页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月IfI____________busylastnight,I_____________toseethefilmwithyou.hadnotbeenwouldhavegone第11页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月Ifhe

morecarefully,he

thecaraccidentyesterday.

wouldnothavehad

haddriven

第12页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月Ifit____tomorrow,we_________camping.

Ifit________tomorrow,

we________camping.

Ifit________

tomorrow,

we________camping.

rainedwouldn’tgoshouldrain

wouldn’tgoweretorain

wouldn’tgo第13页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月IfIcouldsavetimeinabottle,ThefirstthingthatIwouldliketodowouldbetosaveeverydayuntileternitypassawayjusttospendthemwithyouIfIcouldmakedayslastforeverIfwordscouldmakewishescometrueIwouldsaveeverydaylikeatreasureandthenagainIwouldspendthemwithyou如果我能把时间存入一个瓶子,我要做的第一件事情是，把每一天都存下来直到永恒,再和你一起慢慢度过如果我能把时间化作永恒,如果我的愿望能一一成真我会把每天都像宝贝一样储存，再和你一起慢慢度过第14页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月

Oneday,afatherandhislittlesonweregoinghome.Atthisage,theboywasinterestedinallkindsofthingsandwasalwaysaskingquestions.

Now,heasked,"What'sthemeaningoftheword'Drunk',dad?""Well,myson,"hisfatherreplied,“Look,therearetwopolicemenstandingoverthere.IfIregardedthetwopolicemenasfour,Iwouldbedrunk."

"But,dad,"theboysaid,"there'sonlyONEpoliceman!"

Whatcanweinferfromthedialogue?A.Thefathermusthavebeendrunk.B.Thesonwasratherstupid.C.Thesonwasgoodatfindingother’smistakes.D.Thefatherwasapoliceman.

√第15页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月

2、虚拟条件句的省略倒装句如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，构成倒装，多见于书面语。①省略if②把were，had或should提前构成：第16页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月Ifhehadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,hewouldhavetelephonedyou.=

Hadheknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,hewouldhavetelephonedyou.IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.=

WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.Ifitwerenotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoParis.=Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoParis.第17页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月WereIyou,

Iwouldtryitagain.=IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,

hewouldhaveseenthefilm.=Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,

wewouldn’tgoout.=Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.第18页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.Ifyoushouldarrive B.IfyouarriveC.Hadyouarrived D.Shouldyouarrive________itraintomorrow,weshouldputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.couldB.shouldC.wouldD.might第19页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月3、混合条件句(错综时间条件句)

当条件从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。第20页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月★如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学生，四年后就会大学毕业了。

Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow,andyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears.★如果你采纳了她的建议，你现在就会是个百万富翁了。

Ifyouhadtakenheradvice,youwouldbeamillionairenow.★假如我是你，我当时就会采纳她的建议。

IfIwereyou

,

Iwouldhavetakenheradvicethen.第21页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月

LittleRobertaskedhismotherfortwocents."WhatdidyoudowiththemoneyIgaveyouyesterday?",Motherasked."Igaveittoapooroldwoman,"heanswered."You'reagoodboy,"saidthemotherproudly."Herearetwocentsmore.Butwhyareyousointerestedintheoldwoman?"“Ifshehadnotbeentheonewhosoldthecandy,IwouldnothavegivenhermymoneyandIwouldnotbesointerestedinher.”heanswered.

Whatcanweknowfromthispassage?A.Robertpaidtheoldwomanforthecandy.B.Robertwasagoodboy.C.TheoldwomangaveRobertthecandyforfree.D.Theoldwomandidn’tsellthecandy.√第22页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月Dentist:I'msorry,Madam,butIshallhavetochargeyoutwentydollarsforpullingyourboy'stooth.Women:Twentydollars!Why，Iunderstandyoutosaythatyou’llchargeonlyfourdollarsforsuchwork!Dentist:Yes,ifyoursonhadn’tyelledsoterribly,Iwouldhavefourotherpatientsnow.

Whatdoesthedentistmean?

A.Theboydidn’tyellbecausehewasbrave.B.Thedentistwantstoaskforhisloss.C.Hewillhavefourotherpatients.D.Hehasfourotherpatientsnow.√第23页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月4、含蓄条件句

虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。

含蓄条件句大体有两种情况:

①条件暗含在介词短语连词副词如without,butfor,but,or,otherwise中②条件暗含在上下文中

解题时要把握语境，分析与何种事实（过去、现在和将来）相反。第24页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月Withoutair,wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes._________________,wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes.Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.__________________________,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.Jackcan’thavearrivedyet;otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.=Jackcan’thavearrivedyet;____________,hewouldhavetelephonedme.

=Iftherewerenoair=Ifithadnotbeenforthestormifhehadarrived

①条件暗含在介词短语连词副词中。第25页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月

②条件暗含在上下文中。

Youmightstayhereforever.

(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)Wewouldhavesucceeded.

(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)Yourreputationwouldberuined.

(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.

(可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime)第26页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月Customer:Waiter,thislobster(龙虾)hasonlyoneclaw（钳）.

Waiter:I'msorry.Itmusthavebeenaloserinafight,oritwouldhavetwoclaws

now.

Customer:Well,bringmethewinnerthen.

Whatcanwelearnfromthisdialogue?A.Thelobsterlostoneclawinafight.B.Thelobsterwillgettwoclawsinafight.C.Thewaiterwantstofindanexcuseforthemistake.D.Thelobsterhastwoclawsnow.√第27页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月

5、虚实结合在同一个情境下，兼有对虚拟和真实情况的描述第28页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe____moreplacesofinterestyesterday.（2012福建）

A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisitedSorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.(2012湖南)A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.hadDD真实情况虚拟情况真实情况虚拟情况第29页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月They___twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.(2007山东)A.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.get—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,he_____hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.【2013福建30】A.woulddrive B.droveC.wouldhavedriven D.haddriven—Itrainedcatsanddogsthismorning.I’mgladwetookanumbrella.—Yeah,wewouldhavegotwetalloverifwe_______.【2013重庆29】A.hadn’tB.haven'tC.didn'tD.don't第30页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月第31页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月ResponseAbilityAnewspaperorganizedacontestforthebestanswertothequestion:“IfafirebrokeoutintheLouvre(卢浮宫),andifyoucouldonlysaveonepainting,whichonewouldyoucarryout?"Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthethewinningreply

?A.Theonenearesttheexit.B.Themostexpensiveone.C.Thelightestone.D.Theoldestone.第32页,共39页，星期六，2024年，5月

NewDiscoveryAhillbilly（乡下人）wasvisitingthebigcityforthefirsttime.Enteringanofficebuilding,hesawapudgy（矮胖的）olderwomanstepintoasmallroom.Thedoorsclosed,lightsflashed,andafterawhilethedoorslidopenandabeautifulyoungmodelsteppedofftheelevator.

Blinkinginamazement,thehillbillydrawled(慢吞吞地说),"Ishouldhavebroughtmywife!“

Whichofthefollowingiswrongaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thehillbillyknewlittleaboutthebigcity.B.Hiswifewasnotattractiveenough.C.Hiswifecouldn’tbemorebeautiful.D.Hebelievedhiswifewouldbecomeyoung