DB43-T 2359-2022生物防火林带建设技术规程

ICS65.020

CCSB65

43

湖南省地方标准

DB43/T2359—2022

生物防火林带建设技术规程

Codeofpracticeforconstructionoffireresistanceforestbelts

2022-05-31发布2022-08-31实施

湖南省市场监督管理局发布

DB43/T2359—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语和定义············································································································1

4建设原则···············································································································2

5规划设计···············································································································2

6营造·····················································································································3

7抚育·····················································································································3

8更新·····················································································································4

9质量评价···············································································································4

10档案管理··············································································································4

附录A（资料性）推荐防火树种···················································································5

I

DB43/T2359—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省林业局提出。

本文件由湖南省林业标准化技术委员会归口。

本文件起草单位：湖南省森林草原防火监测调度评估中心、湖南省农林工业勘察设计研究总院、湖

南省青羊湖国有林场。

本文件主要起草人：岳超、谢杰、龙维、刘沙、吴晟扬、关键、孙昀、马思佳、杨俊杰、喻聪、吴

慧、徐海文、詹长虹、龙骏、易芳、刘陈力为、李梓铭、刘建兵、罗颖、彭谦。

III

DB43/T2359—2022

生物防火林带建设技术规程

1范围

本文件规定了生物防火林带的建设原则、规划设计、营造、抚育、更新、质量评价、档案管理等技

术要求。

本文件适用于生物防火林带建设。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅

该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。

GB6000主要造林树种苗木质量分级

GB/T15776造林技术规程

LY/T1000容器育苗技术

LY/T1646森林采伐作业规程

LY/T2616生物防火林带经营管护技术规程

LY/T5007林火阻隔系统建设标准

FXPC/LCP-04森林火灾风险评估与区划技术规范

3术语和定义

LY/T2616界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

防火树种fireresistancetreespecies

具有适宜的生物学、生态学和造林学特性，高含水率、低易燃性、较强抗火性的树种。

[来源：LY/T2616—2016，3.1]

3.2

生物防火林带fireresistanceforestbelts

在林区采用防火树种人工营造或利用现有林分改造的具有阻隔林火蔓延功能的带状林分。

3.3

新建型生物防火林带newly-builtfireresistanceforestbelts

采用人工造林的方法新建而成的生物防火林带。

3.4

改造型生物防火林带rebuiltfireresistanceforestbelts

采用伐除非目的树种、补植防火树种、清除地表可燃物等方法改造培育而成的生物防火林带。

3.5

生态型生物防火林带ecologicalfireresistanceforestbelts

具有水源涵养、水土保持等生态服务功能的生物防火林带。

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3.6

经济型生物防火林带economicfireresistanceforestbelts

能提供油料、干鲜果品、珍贵木材及其他林副特产品，具有一定经济效益的生物防火林带。

3.7

景观型生物防火林带ornamentalfireresistanceforestbelts

具有一定观赏价值的生物防火林带。

4建设原则

生物防火林带建设宜遵循以下原则：

——突出重点。优先在森林火灾频发易发林区和自然保护地、国有林场等重点保护林区开展建设；

——封闭成网。与现有自然阻隔带、工程阻隔带和生物阻隔带相结合，组成封闭成网的林火阻

隔系统；

——同步推进。与荒山造林、迹地更新和生态工程等造林工程同步规划、同步设计、同步施工、同

步验收；

——协商共建。在行政界建设生物防火林带由相邻行政区协商共建。

5规划设计

5.1建设类型

5.1.1在宜林地、迹地、疏林地、连片落叶乔灌木林地和易燃针叶林地，以及生物防火林带年度造林

成活率低于41％的区域，应规划建设新建型生物防火林带。

5.1.2在现有林分中防火树种为优势树种的有林地、灌木林地，以及生物防火林带宽度不达标的区域，

应规划建设改造型生物防火林带。

5.2林带等级

5.2.1沿自然保护地、国有林场、重点公益林等林区林缘，县级以上行政界（林区部分），以及与林区

接驳的人口集中区、集中墓葬区和能源设施等重点部位周边，宜规划建设主生物防火林带。

5.2.2沿乡村林场、一般公益林等林区林缘，乡镇级行政界（林区部分），林农、林草交界，以及林内

小区分割线，宜规划建设副生物防火林带。

5.2.3林带宽度

林带宽度应满足林火阻隔需求，一般不小于林带两侧成熟林木的最大树高。主防火林带宽度宜

15m～30m，副防火林带宽度宜10m～15m，风口或坡地上建设的防火林带可根据实际情况适当加宽。

5.2.4林带密度

按FXPC/LCP-04规定的森林火灾风险区划等级确定县（市、区）级的林带密度。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ等级区

的林带密度宜大于8m/hm2，Ⅳ、Ⅴ等级区的林带密度宜大于3m/hm2。自然保护地、国有林场、重点公

益林等林区可适当增加林带密度。

5.2.5林带通道

应沿林带长度方向于林带的中心线或林带一侧，预留一条2.5m～5m宽的连续通道，供林带抚育、

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DB43/T2359—2022

扑火车辆与人员通行使用。

5.2.6储水设施

宜沿林带长度方向每隔100m～200m设置储水罐、储水缸或蓄水池等消防用储水设施。

6营造

6.1树种选择

根据立地条件和林带类型因地制宜选择防火树种。推荐防火树种见附录A。

6.2营造模式

新建型生物防火林带宜营造同龄纯林。改造型生物防火林带宜采用与保留树种同种或生物学特性相

似的防火树种进行补植。

6.3种苗

采用容器苗执行LY/T1000规定；采用裸根苗执行GB6000规定。

6.4造林密度

密度依树种、立地条件、林带类型、苗木规格等而定，适当密植，宜控制在1.5m×1.5m～2m×

2m之间。

6.5营造技术

6.5.1采伐

营造新建型生物防火林带，应对林带区域内已有林木进行采伐；营造改造型生物防火林带，应分1

次～3次伐除非目的树种。采伐技术要求按LY/T1646规定执行。

6.5.2林地清理

清除林地内的倒木、枯立木、濒死木、杂草杂灌等。清理后的地表可燃物干重应小于2.0t/hm2。

6.5.3整地

宜采用穴垦整地。植穴规格因树种、苗木规格和立地条件而异，按GB/T15776规定执行。

6.5.4栽植

采用植苗造林。栽植技术要求按GB/T15776规定执行。

7抚育

7.1按LY/T2616规定进行抚育。

7.2对年度造林成活率低于85％但不低于41％和造林第3年株数保存率低于80％的地段及时进行

补植。

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DB43/T2359—2022

8更新

当林带遭受外力破坏，树木死亡率大于30％，以及出现其他林带防火功能严重下降的情况时，应

及时更新。林带更新方法执行LY/T5007规定。

9质量评价

9.1评价内容

林带营造、补植和更新后按GB/T15776规定进行年度造林质量评价、造林成效评价。

9.2评价方法

以当年营造和管护的生物防火林带的长度为单位，采用随机抽样方法，抽取3个以上不小于10m

的生物防火林带组成样本，在每个样本中对各项作业进行评价验收，抽样强度不小于5％。

10档案管理

10.1建档要求

以林带编号或段为基本单位建档。

10.2档案主要内容

10.2.1经营档案

包括生物防火林带建设规划、设计文件；各经营阶段技术资料；各阶段的质量评价资料。

10.2.2财务档案

包括投入与支出，经济效益等。

10.2.3制度法规档案

包括生物防火林带建设法规与规章、规定与制度等管理档案；施工合同、监理合同、验收报告等。

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附录A

（资料性）

推荐防火树种

推荐防火树种见表A.1。

表A.1推荐防火树种

主要特性

序号中文名拉丁名科名生活型功能

适宜海拔/m耐荫性耐干旱耐瘠薄萌芽性抗火性

1木荷Schimasuperba山茶科乔木800～1600阳性强较强较强强生态

生态、

2银木荷Schimaargentea山茶科乔木900～1700阳性强较强较强强

经济

3冬青Ilexchinensis冬青科乔木≤800阳性中等较强强较强生态

Cyclobalanopsis生态、

4青冈壳斗科乔木≤800偏阳性强较强强强

glauca经济

赤皮生态、

5Cyclobalanopsisgilva壳斗科乔木≤800偏阳性强较强强强

青冈经济

生态、

6石栎Lithocarpusglaber壳斗科乔木≤750偏阳性强较强强较强

经济

Castanopsis生态、经

7苦槠壳斗科乔木≤800偏阳性较强较强强较强

sclerophylla济

生态、

8甜槠Castanopsiseyrei壳斗科乔木≤1500偏阳性较强较强强较强

经济

生态、

9杨梅Myricarubra杨梅科乔木500～1200偏阳性强强较强强

经济

10竹柏Nageianagi罗汉松科乔木≤1200阴性较弱较弱较强强景观

11女贞Ligustrumlucidum木犀科乔木≤1500阳性强较强强较强生态

12桂花Osmanthusfragrans木犀科乔木≤1000阳性较弱较弱较强较强景观

13柑桔Citrusreticulata芸香科小乔木≤700阳性较弱较弱较强较强经济

红花Camellia

14山茶科小乔木300～1600阳性较强较强强较强经济

油茶chekiangoleosa

15油茶Camelliaoleifera山茶科小乔木≤1000阳性较强较强较强强经济

小乔木

16枸骨Ilexcornuta冬青科≤800阴性强强强较强景观

/灌木

Viburnum

日本珊小乔木

17odoratissimumvar.五福花科≤500阳性较弱较弱较强强景观

瑚树/灌木

awabuki

18夹竹桃Neriumoleander夹竹桃科灌木≤500阳性强强强较强景观

19茶Camelliasinensis山茶科灌木≤1500阳性中等中等较强较强经济

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DB43/T2359—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语和定义············································································································1

4建设原则···············································································································2

5规划设计···············································································································2

6营造·····················································································································3

7抚育·····················································································································3

8更新·····················································································································4

9质量评价···············································································································4

10档案管理··············································································································4

附录A（资料性）推荐防火树种···················································································5

I

DB43/T2359—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构