Diabetic-retinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变英文

ThenormalstructureoftheeyeballTerms角膜：corneaCorne/o--,Cornea角膜，Megacornea大角膜，Microcornea小角膜，Kerat/o--,Keratitis角膜炎，Keratomalacia角膜软化症巩膜：scleraScler/o--,Scleritis巩膜炎，Episcleritis表层巩膜炎，Episclera巩膜上层（epi--，beyondsomething）,epidermis表皮，上皮Epidermal表皮的，外皮的虹膜:iris,Irid/o--,Iridotomy虹膜切开术，iridectomy虹膜切除术，iridocyclitis虹膜睫状体炎睫状体：ciliarybody脉络膜:choroid,Choroid/o--,choroidal脉络膜的，choroidoretinitis脉络膜视网膜炎视网膜：retin/oretinitis视网膜炎，retinopathy视网膜病变,diabeticretinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变瞳孔:pupil,Pupill/o--,pupillomotor瞳孔运动的，pupillometer瞳孔计玻璃体:vitreous,Vitre/o--,vitreous玻璃体的,Vitrectomy玻璃体切除术,Vitreretinal玻璃体视网膜的,Vitreretinopathy玻璃体视网膜病变晶状体：lens视盘：opticdisk黄斑:macular视神经：opticnerve中央凹:FoveaDiabeticretinopathyDefinition

Causes

Symptoms

Riskfactors

Testsanddiagnosis

WhentoseekmedicaladviceComplications

Treatmentsanddrugs

Prevention

DiabeticretinopathyDefinition

Diabeticretinopathyisacomplicationofdiabetesthatresultsfromdamagetothebloodvesselsofthelight-sensitivetissueatthebackoftheeye(retina).causeDiabeticretinopathycanhappentoanyonewhohastype1diabetesortype2diabetes.CausesWhenyouhavediabetes,yourbodydoesn'tusesugar(glucose)properly.CausesIfyourbloodsugarlevelistoohigh,yournaturallensmayswell—whichcanbluryourvision.CausesEventually,toomuchsugarinyourbloodcandamagethetinybloodvessels(capillaries毛细血管)thatnourishtheretina.Thiscanresultindiabeticretinopathy.capillary,Capill/o-,n.&adj.毛细管(的)Capillaritis毛细管炎SymptomsAtfirst,diabeticretinopathymaycausenosymptomsoronlymildvisionproblems.SymptomsYoucanhavediabeticretinopathyandnotknowit.Infact,symptomsareunusualintheearlystagesofdiabeticretinopathy.SymptomsEventually,however,diabeticretinopathycanresultinblindness.InChina,diabeticretinopathyisaleadingcauseofblindnessinadults.symptomsInfact,upto45percentofadultsdiagnosedwithdiabetesinChinahavesomedegreeofdiabeticretinopathy,accordingtotheNationalEyeInstitute.symptomsAndthelongeryouhavediabetes,themorelikelyyouaretodevelopdiabeticretinopathy.SymptomsDiabeticretinopathyusuallyaffectsbotheyes.SymptomsAstheconditionprogresses,diabeticretinopathysymptomsmayinclude:

A)Spotsfloatinginyourvision

B)Blurredvision

C)Darkstreaksoraredfilmthatblocksyourvision

D)Poornightvision

E)VisionlossDiabeticretinopathyisusuallyclassifiedasearlyoradvanced.Earlydiabeticretinopathy.

Nonproliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)isthemostcommontypeofdiabeticretinopathy.Itcanbedescribedasmild,moderateorsevere.NPDR:(NonProlifertive

Dibetic

Retinopthy)

非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变WhenyouhaveNPDR,thewallsofthebloodvesselsinyourretinaweaken.Tinybulges（凸起）protrude（伸入）fromthevesselwalls,sometimesleakingoroozingfluidandbloodintotheretina.Thesebulgesarecalledmicroaneurysms.Microaneurysms:微动脉瘤，微血管瘤Intheearlystagesofdiabeticretinopathy,thewallsofthebloodvesselsinyourretinaweaken.Tinybulgesprotrudefromthevesselwalls,sometimesleakingoroozingfluidandbloodintotheretina.Asdiabeticretinopathyprogresses,newbloodvesselsmaygrowandthreatenyourvision.

Astheconditionprogresses,thesmallervesselsmaycloseentirelyandthelargerretinalveinsmaybegintodilate（扩大）

andbecomeirregularindiameter（直径）.Nervefibersintheretinamaybegintoswell.Sometimesthecentralpartoftheretina(macula)beginstoswell,too.Thisisknownasmacularedema.Macula:黄斑Macularedema：黄斑水肿termsExtensive：广泛的，大量的Intraretinal

microvascular

abnormalitis

（IRMA）视网膜内微血管异常Intraretinal:视网膜内部的Microvascular

：微血管的Cottonwoolspots:棉绒斑Hemorrhage：出血Rootsthatmeansblood：Hemo-，hema-,hem-,haemo-,haema-,haem--rrhage,出血，流血Gastrointestinalrrhage

消化道出血Advanceddiabeticretinopathy.Proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR)isthemostseveretypeofdiabeticretinopathy.WhenyouhavePDR,abnormalbloodvesselsgrowintheretina.Sometimesthenewbloodvesselsgroworleakintothevitreous(theclear,jelly-likesubstancethatfillsthecenterofyoureye).玻璃体:vitreous，Vitre/o--,vitreous玻璃体的,Vitrectomy玻璃体切除术,Jelly-like:胶状的Eventually,scartissuestimulatedbythegrowthofnewbloodvesselsmaycausetheretinatodetach（脱离）fromthebackofyoureye.Ifthenewbloodvesselsinterferewiththenormalflowoffluidoutoftheeye,pressuremaybuildupintheeyeball.Thiscandamagetheopticnerve.(Thenervethatcarriesimagesfromyoureyetoyourbrain).Peripheral:外围的，不重要的Peri-

，外围的，周围的Perinatal

围产期的，出生前后的Periportal

门静脉周的，Periarteritis

动脉周围炎，periappendicitis

阑尾周炎Exudative

maculopathy:渗出性黄斑病变Hardexudates:硬渗出物Hardexudatesandhemorrhageslateraltomacula：单侧性黄斑硬性渗出和出血Lateral:侧部的Apparent：明显的Quadrant：象限，四分之一圆Prominent：显著的Riskfactors

Diabeticretinopathycanhappentoanyonewhohasdiabetes.Theriskishighestifyou:RiskfactorsHavepoorcontrolofyourbloodsugarlevelHavehighbloodpressureHavehighcholesterolArepregnantAreblackorHispanicSmokeHispanic：西班牙人Cholesterol：胆固醇RiskfactorsThelongeryouhavediabetes,thegreateryourriskofdevelopingdiabeticretinopathy.WhentoseekmedicaladviceEarlydetectionofdiabeticretinopathyisthebestwaytopreventvisionloss:（a）Ifyouhavediabetes,seeyoureyedoctorforayearlydilated

eyeexam（扩瞳检查）

—evenifyourvisionseemsfine.（b）Ifyoubecomepregnant,youreyedoctormayrecommendadditionaleyeexamsthroughoutyourpregnancy.(c)Contactyoureyedoctorrightawayifyouexperiencesuddenvisionchangesoryourvisionbecomesblurry,spottyorhazy（模糊或有斑点）.Complications

Theabnormalgrowthofnewbloodvesselsintheretinacanleadtoseriousvisionproblems:Vitreoushemorrhage.Thenewbloodvesselsmaybleedintotheclear,jelly-likesubstancethatfillsthecenterofyoureye（vitreous）.

Retinaldetachment（视网膜脱离）.Thismaycauseblurredvision,spotsfloatinginyourvisionorseverevisionloss.Glaucoma.Thenewbloodvesselsmayinterferewiththenormalflowoffluidoutoftheeyeandcausepressureintheeyetobuildup.Blindness.Eventually,diabeticretinopathycanleadtocompletevisionloss.Glaucoma：青光眼TestsanddiagnosisDiabeticretinopathyisbestdiagnosedwithadilatedeyeexam.Duringtheexam,youreyedoctorwilllookfor:AbnormalbloodvesselsSwelling,bloodorfattydepositsintheretinaDamagetothenervetissueGrowthofnewbloodvesselsandscartissueBleedinginthevitreousRetinaldetachmentTestsanddiagnosisAspartoftheeyeexam,yourdoctormaydoaretinalphotographytestcalledfluoresceinangiography.Yourdoctoralsomayrequestanopticalcoherencetomography(OCT)exam.Fundus

fluoresceinangiography(FFA)荧光素眼底血管造影术Fundus

眼底，基底，宫底，Fluorescein

荧光素，angiography血管造影术Fundushemorrhage眼底出血Opticalcoherencetomography（OCT）光学相干断层扫描Coherence连续性，相关性，一致性Tomography：X线断层摄影术=laminographyTreatments

Treatmentfordiabeticretinopathydependsonthetypeofdiabeticretinopathyyouhave,itsseverityandhowwellitmayrespondtospecifictreatments.Earlydiabeticretinopathy

Ifyouhavenonproliferativediabeticretinopathy,youmaynotneedtreatmentrightaway.However,youreyedoctorwillcloselymonitoryourretinatodetermineifyouneedlasertreatment.AdvanceddiabeticretinopathyIfyouhaveproliferativediabeticretinopathy,you'llneedpromptsurgicaltreatment.Sometimessurgeryisrecommendedforseverenonproliferativediabeticretinopathy,too.Dependingonthespecificproblemswithyourretina,optionsmayinclude:Treatmentsanddrugslasertreatmentsurgicaltreatment.VirtectomyPreventionRemember,diabetesdoesn'tnecessarilydoomyoutopoorvision.Takinganactiveroleindiabetesmanagementcangoalongwaytowardpreventingcomplications.Doom宣告厄运

Prevention

Makeacommitmenttomanagingyourdiabetes.Monitoryourbloodsugarlevel.Askyourdoctoraboutaglycatedhemoglobintest.Glycatedhemoglobintest糖化血红蛋白检测Glycated

糖化的，hemoglobin血红蛋白=haemoglobinPreventionKeepyourbloodpressureandcholesterolundercontrol.Quitsmoking.Takestressseriously.

Payattentiontovisionchanges.Wantmoreinformation?Gotothesewebsites:英文：(1)AmericanAcademyofOphthalmology/(2)CanadianOphthalmologicalSocietyhttp://www.eyesite.ca/(3)Nationaleyeinstitute/(4)免费网上检索Medline数据库/healthgate/MEDLINE/search.shtml(5)美国国立医学图书馆/PubMed/中文：中国眼科医学信息网/眼底病论坛/index.htm中文医网-文献检索/doctor/search/qkjs.htm医网导航-文献检索/~orange98/navigate.htm国家图书馆文献提供中心/dcylb

TheEndThenormalstructureoftheeyeballTerms角膜：corneaCorne/o--,Cornea角膜，Megacornea大角膜，Microcornea小角膜，Kerat/o--,Keratitis角膜炎，Keratomalacia角膜软化症巩膜：scleraScler/o--,Scleritis巩膜炎，Episcleritis表层巩膜炎，Episclera巩膜上层（epi--，beyondsomething）,epidermis表皮，上皮Epidermal表皮的，外皮的虹膜:iris,Irid/o--,Iridotomy虹膜切开术，iridectomy虹膜切除术，iridocyclitis虹膜睫状体炎睫状体：ciliarybody脉络膜:choroid,Choroid/o--,choroidal脉络膜的，choroidoretinitis脉络膜视网膜炎视网膜：retin/oretinitis视网膜炎，retinopathy视网膜病变,diabeticretinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变瞳孔:pupil,Pupill/o--,pupillomotor瞳孔运动的，pupillometer瞳孔计玻璃体:vitreous,Vitre/o--,vitreous玻璃体的,Vitrectomy玻璃体切除术,Vitreretinal玻璃体视网膜的,Vitreretinopathy玻璃体视网膜病变晶状体：lens视盘：opticdisk黄斑:macular视神经：opticnerve中央凹:FoveaDiabeticretinopathyDefinition

Causes

Symptoms

Riskfactors

Testsanddiagnosis

WhentoseekmedicaladviceComplications

Treatmentsanddrugs

Prevention

DiabeticretinopathyDefinition

Diabeticretinopathyisacomplicationofdiabetesthatresultsfromdamagetothebloodvesselsofthelight-sensitivetissueatthebackoftheeye(retina).causeDiabeticretinopathycanhappentoanyonewhohastype1diabetesortype2diabetes.CausesWhenyouhavediabetes,yourbodydoesn'tusesugar(glucose)properly.CausesIfyourbloodsugarlevelistoohigh,yournaturallensmayswell—whichcanbluryourvision.CausesEventually,toomuchsugarinyourbloodcandamagethetinybloodvessels(capillaries毛细血管)thatnourishtheretina.Thiscanresultindiabeticretinopathy.capillary,Capill/o-,n.&adj.毛细管(的)Capillaritis毛细管炎SymptomsAtfirst,diabeticretinopathymaycausenosymptomsoronlymildvisionproblems.SymptomsYoucanhavediabeticretinopathyandnotknowit.Infact,symptomsareunusualintheearlystagesofdiabeticretinopathy.SymptomsEventually,however,diabeticretinopathycanresultinblindness.InChina,diabeticretinopathyisaleadingcauseofblindnessinadults.symptomsInfact,upto45percentofadultsdiagnosedwithdiabetesinChinahavesomedegreeofdiabeticretinopathy,accordingtotheNationalEyeInstitute.symptomsAndthelongeryouhavediabetes,themorelikelyyouaretodevelopdiabeticretinopathy.SymptomsDiabeticretinopathyusuallyaffectsbotheyes.SymptomsAstheconditionprogresses,diabeticretinopathysymptomsmayinclude:

A)Spotsfloatinginyourvision

B)Blurredvision

C)Darkstreaksoraredfilmthatblocksyourvision

D)Poornightvision

E)VisionlossDiabeticretinopathyisusuallyclassifiedasearlyoradvanced.Earlydiabeticretinopathy.

Nonproliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)isthemostcommontypeofdiabeticretinopathy.Itcanbedescribedasmild,moderateorsevere.NPDR:(NonProlifertive

Dibetic

Retinopthy)

非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变WhenyouhaveNPDR,thewallsofthebloodvesselsinyourretinaweaken.Tinybulges（凸起）protrude（伸入）fromthevesselwalls,sometimesleakingoroozingfluidandbloodintotheretina.Thesebulgesarecalledmicroaneurysms.Microaneurysms:微动脉瘤，微血管瘤Intheearlystagesofdiabeticretinopathy,thewallsofthebloodvesselsinyourretinaweaken.Tinybulgesprotrudefromthevesselwalls,sometimesleakingoroozingfluidandbloodintotheretina.Asdiabeticretinopathyprogresses,newbloodvesselsmaygrowandthreatenyourvision.

Astheconditionprogresses,thesmallervesselsmaycloseentirelyandthelargerretinalveinsmaybegintodilate（扩大）

andbecomeirregularindiameter（直径）.Nervefibersintheretinamaybegintoswell.Sometimesthecentralpartoftheretina(macula)beginstoswell,too.Thisisknownasmacularedema.Macula:黄斑Macularedema：黄斑水肿termsExtensive：广泛的，大量的Intraretinal

microvascular

abnormalitis

（IRMA）视网膜内微血管异常Intraretinal:视网膜内部的Microvascular

：微血管的Cottonwoolspots:棉绒斑Hemorrhage：出血Rootsthatmeansblood：Hemo-，hema-,hem-,haemo-,haema-,haem--rrhage,出血，流血Gastrointestinalrrhage

消化道出血Advanceddiabeticretinopathy.Proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR)isthemostseveretypeofdiabeticretinopathy.WhenyouhavePDR,abnormalbloodvesselsgrowintheretina.Sometimesthenewbloodvesselsgroworleakintothevitreous(theclear,jelly-likesubstancethatfillsthecenterofyoureye).玻璃体:vitreous，Vitre/o--,vitreous玻璃体的,Vitrectomy玻璃体切除术,Jelly-like:胶状的Eventually,scartissuestimulatedbythegrowthofnewbloodvesselsmaycausetheretinatodetach（脱离）fromthebackofyoureye.Ifthenewbloodvesselsinterferewiththenormalflowoffluidoutoftheeye,pressuremaybuildupintheeyeball.Thiscandamagetheopticnerve.(Thenervethatcarriesimagesfromyoureyetoyourbrain).Peripheral:外围的，不重要的Peri-

，外围的，周围的Perinatal

围产期的，出生前后的Periportal

门静脉周的，Periarteritis

动脉周围炎，periappendicitis

阑尾周炎Exudative

maculopathy:渗出性黄斑病变Hardexudates:硬渗出物Hardexudatesandhemorrhageslateraltomacula：单侧性黄斑硬性渗出和出血Lateral:侧部的Apparent：明显的Quadrant：象限，四分之一圆Prominent：显著的Riskfactors

Diabeticretinopathycanhappentoanyonewhohasdiabetes.Theriskishighestifyou:RiskfactorsHavepoorcontrolofyourbloodsugarlevelHavehighbloodpressureHavehighcholesterolArepregnantAreblackorHispanicSmokeHispanic：西班牙人Cholesterol：胆固醇RiskfactorsThelongeryouhavediabetes,thegreateryourriskofdevelopingdiabeticretinopathy.WhentoseekmedicaladviceEarlydetectionofdiabeticretinopathyisthebestwaytopreventvisionloss:（a）Ifyouhavediabetes,seeyoureyedoctorforayearlydilated

eyeexam（扩瞳检查）

—evenifyourvisionseemsfine.（b）Ifyoubecomepregnant,youreyedoctormayrecommendadditionaleyeexamsthroughoutyourpregnancy.(c)Contactyoureyedoctorrightawayifyouexperiencesuddenvisionchangesoryourvisionbecomesblurry,spottyorhazy（模糊或有斑点）.Complications

Theabnormalgrowthofnewbloodvesselsintheretinacanleadtoseriousvisionproblems:Vitreoushemorrhage.Thenewbloodvesselsmaybleedintotheclear,jelly-likesubstancethatfillsthecenterofyoureye（vitreous）.

Retinaldetachment（视网膜脱离）.Thismaycauseblurredvision,spotsfloatinginyourvisionorseverevisionloss.Glaucoma.Thenewbloodvesselsmayinterferewiththenormalflowoffluidoutoftheeyeandcausepressureintheeyetobuildup.Blindness.Eventually,diabeticretinopathycanleadtocompletevisionloss.Glaucoma：青光眼TestsanddiagnosisDiabeticretinopathyisbestdiagnosedwithadilatedeyeexam.Duringtheexam,youreyedoctorwilllookfor:AbnormalbloodvesselsSwelling,bloodorfattydepositsintheretinaDamagetothenervetissueGrowthofnewbloodvesselsandscartissueBleedinginthevitreousRetinaldetachmentTestsanddiagnosisAspartoftheeyeexam,yourdoctormaydoaretinalphotographytestcalledfluoresceinangiography.Yourdoctoralsomayrequestanopticalcoherencetomography(OCT)exam.Fundus

fluoresceinangiography(FFA)荧光素眼底血管造影术Fundus

眼底，基底，宫底，Fluorescein

荧光素，angiography血管造影术Fundus