2005全国硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(一)

2005全国硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(一)天极网下载频道（）Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Inthepastfewdecades,remarkablefindingshavebeenmadeinethology,thestudyofanimalsocialbehavior.Earlierscientistshad1thatnonhumansociallifewasalmosttotallyinstinctiveorfixedbygenetics.Muchmorecarefulobservationhasshownthat2variationoccursamongthesocialtiesofmostspecies,showingthatlearningisapartofsociallife.Thatis,the3arenotsolelyfixedbythegenes.

4，thelearningthatoccursisoftenatanearlyageinaprocessthatiscalledimprinting.Imprintingisclearly5instinctive,butitisnotquitelikethelearningofhumans;itissomethinginbetweenthetwo.Anillustrationbest6thenatureofimprinting.Once,biologiststhoughtthatducklingsfollowedthemotherduckbecauseofinstincts.Nowweknowthat,shortly7theyhatch,ducklingsfix8anyobjectaboutthesizeofaduckandwillhenceforthfollowit.Soducklingsmayfollowabasketballorabriefcaseiftheseare9forthemotherduckatthetimewhenimprintingoccurs.Thus,socialtiescanbeconsiderably10,evenonesthathaveaconsiderablebase11bygenetics.

Evenamongthesocialinsectssomethinglikeimprin2005年全国攻读硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(一)ting12influencesocialbehavior.Forexample,biologistsoncethoughtbeescommunicatedwithotherspurely13instinct.But,inexamininga“dance”thatbeesdotoindicatethedistanceanddirectionofapollensource,observersfoundthatbeesraisedinisolationcouldnotcommunicateeffectively.Atahigherlevel,thegeneticbaseseemstobemuchmoreforanallpurposelearningratherthanthemorespecificresponsesofimprinting.Chimpanzees,forinstance,generally14verygoodmotherbutJaneGoodallreportsthatsomechimpscarrytheinfantupsidedownor15failtonurturetheyoung.Shebelievesthatthesefemalesweretheyoungestorthe16childofamother.Insuchcircumstances,theydidnothavetheopportunitytoobservehowtheirownmother17forheryoung.Certainlyadolescentchimpswhoarestillwiththeirmotherswhenotheryoungareborntakemuchinterestintherearingoftheiryoungbrotherorsister.Theyhaveanexcellentopportunitytolearn,andthesocialtiesthatarecreatedbetweenmotherandyoung18Goodalltodescribethesocialunitasafamily.Themotheroffspringtieisbeyond19;thereissomeevidenceto20thattiesalsocontinuebetweensiblingsofthesamesex,thatis“brotherbrother”and“sistersister”.1AassumedBadoptedCbelievedDsurmised2AconsiderateBconsideratedCconsiderableDconsidering3AstatuesBstatusesCstatutesDstatures4AWhatsmoreBHenceCButDHowever5AnotBonlyCbutDsolely6AclarifiesBclassifiesCdefinesDoutlines7AthanBbeforeCwhenDafter8AonBwithCinDwithin9AappropriatedBsubstitutedCassignedDdistributed10AvariedBdeviatedCdifferedDaltered11AfashionedBmodifiedCinfluencedDaffected12AmayBshouldCmustDcan13AbyBoutofCfromDthrough14AproveBmakeCturnDcreate15AotherwiseBstillCyetDeven16AoneBsoleCsingleDonly17AlookedBattendedCcaredDprovided18AguideBcauseCdirectDlead19AlimitationBimaginationCdoubtDexpectation20AadviseBhintCimplyDsuggestSectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorDMarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)Text1

NewfiguresfromFrance,GermanyandItaly—thethreebiggesteconomiesinthe12countryEurozone—suggestthecontinent’seconomicwoesmayhavebeenexaggerated.InFrance,evidenceemergedthatconsumerspendingremainedsolidinJulyandAugust,rising1.4%and0.6%respectively.ForecastershadgenerallyexpectedtheJulyfiguretoshowa0.1%slippage,withAugustunchanged.ButthefigureswereflatteredslightlybyadowngradetotheJunefigure,to0.7%from1.5%.

WithmanufacturinginthedoldrumsacrossEuropeandtheUS,consumerspendinghasbeenincreasinglyseenasthebesthopeofstoppingtheglobaleconomicslowdownfromturningintoarecession.TheFrenchgovernmentsaidthenewsprovedthattheeconomywasholdinguptothestrainoftheslowdown.

MeanwhileinGermany,newregionalpricefigureswentsomewaytowardscalmingfearsaboutinflationinEurope’slargesteconomy—akeyreasonfortheEuropeanCentralBank’sreluctancetocutinterest15statessaidconsumerpriceswerebroadlystable,withinflationfallingyearonyear.Theinformationbackedeconomists’expectationsthatinflationforthecountryasawholeissettofallbacktoayearlyrateof2.1%,comparedtoayearlyrateof2.6%inAugust,closinginontheEurowidetargetof2%.Thedropispartlyduetolastyear’sspikeinoilpricesdroppingoutoftheyearonyearcalculation.

TheicingonthecakewasnewsthatItaly’sjobmarkethasremainedbuoyant.Thecountry’sJulyunemploymentratedroppedto9.4%from9.6%themonthbefore,itslowestlevelinmorethaneightyears.AndabusinessconfidencesurveyfromquasigovernmentalresearchgroupISAEtoldofageneralpickupindemandinthesixweekstoearlySeptember.ButthenewswastemperedbyanannouncementbyAlitalia,thecountry’sbiggestairline,thatitwillhavetogetridof2，500stafftocopewiththeexpectedcontractionaswellasselling12aeroplanes.AndindustrialgroupConfindustriawarnedthattheattacksonUStargetsmeantgrowthwillbeabout1.9%thisyear,wellshortofthegovernment’s2.4%target.Anditsaidthebudgetdeficitwillprobablybeabout1.5%,nearlytwicethe0.8%Italy’sgovernmenthaspromiseditsEuropeanUnionpartners.21Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthat.

AnewfiguresfromthethreeEuropeancountriesshowthepredictionofforecastersisexactlyright

BEuropeaneconomygetsonbetterthanforecastershavepredicted

Calloftheforecastersexpectthefullyfiguretoshowareduction

DinthreeEuropeancountriestheconsumerspendingcontinuestorise22Theterm“inthedoldrums”inParagraph2refersto.

AintheprocessofrisingBexperiencingasharpturning

CintherecessionDrisingrapidly23Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?.

AThereasonfortheECB’sunwillingtocutinterestratesisinflationwasactuallyexpectedtofallinGermany

BInGermanyconsumerpriceswerefalling

CLastyear’soilpricesdroppingoutoftheyearonyearcalculationdirectlyleadstothedropofinflation

DTheEuropeanCentralBankiswillingtocutinterestrate24lnthispassage,theword“buoyant”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningtotheword.

AdepressingBgloomyCactiveDcalm25lndustrialgroupConfindustriawarnedthat.

AtheattacksonUStargetsleadtothecomparativelylowergrowth

Bthegrowthhadbeenwellshortofthegovernment’starget

Cthebudgetdeficitmustbeabout1.5%

Dthebudgetdeficitwillprobablybegreatdifferentfromthecountry’spromiseText2

SurveyresultsindicatethatsmokingandalcoholandmarijuanauseincreasedamongresidentsofManhattanduringthe5～8weeksaftertheterroristattacksontheWorldTradeCenterwhichtookplaceonSeptember11,2001.Almostonethirdofthenearly1,000personsinterviewedreportedanincreaseduseofalcohol,marijuana,orcigarettesfollowingtheSeptember11thattacks.Thelargestincreasewasinalcoholuse.AboutonefourthoftherespondentssaidtheyweredrinkingmorealcoholintheweeksafterSeptember11;about10%reportedanincreaseinsmoking,and3.2%saidtheyhadincreasedtheiruseofmarijuana.

TheinvestigatorsfoundsurveyparticipantsbyrandomlydialingNewYorkCityphonenumbersandscreenedpotentialrespondentsforManhattanresidentslivinginareasclosetotheWorld

Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhoreportedanincreaseinsubstanceabuseweremorelikelytosufferfromposttraumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)andfromdepression.PeoplewhoreportedanincreaseincigarettesmokingormarijuanausewerealsomorelikelytohavebothPTSDanddepression,whilethosewhoreportedanincreaseinalcoholuseweremorelikelytohavedepressiononly.PersonswhowerelivingclosertotheWorld

Increaseinsubstanceabusedidnotdiffersignificantlybetweenmenandwomenoramongracialorethnicgroups.Demographicfactorssuchasage,maritalstatus,andincomeseemedtoplayamorecriticalroleindeterminingiftheeventsofSeptember11thledtoanincreaseinsubstanceuse.26.Thesurveyresultssuggestthatthelargestincreaseinsubstanceusewas.

AalcoholBmarijuanaCcigarettesDcocaine27.Thesurveyparticipantswere.

ArandomlyselectedUnitedStatescitizens

BrandomlyselectedNewYorkCitycitizens

CrandomlyselectedManhattanresidentswholiveclosetotheWorldTradeCenter

DrandomlyselectedAmericancitizenswhowitnessedtheterroristattack28.Theauthoristryingtoshowthat.

Auseofsubstancesmayvaryfromtimetotime

Babuseofcertainsubstancesisharmfulforhealth

Ctheattackofseptember11thhasleftincurableharmtopeoplesmentalhealth

Dterroristattackincreaseanxietyandsenseofinsecurityamongresidents29.WhatcanbesaidaboutsubstanceabuseafterSeptember11?

APeoplewhoreportedanincreaseinalcoholuseweremorelikelytohavePTSD.

BPeoplewhowerelivingclosertoWorldTradeCenterweremostlikelytoincreasecigarettesmoking.

CDisplacementfromhomeandinvolvementinrescueeffortswereconsistentlyassociatedwithincreasedsubstanceuse.

DSymptomsofpanicattachwereunrelatedwithincreaseduseofsubstances.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

ADemographicinformationsuchasgender,raceandmaritalstatuswasnotcollected.

BGenderandracedonothavemucheffectontheamountofsubstanceabuse.

CAgeandmaritalstatusdonotmakeanydifferenceonsubstanceabuse.

DIncomeisabetterpredictorofsubstanceabusethanage.Text3

Theentrepreneur,accordingtoFrencheconomistJ.B.Say,“isapersonwhoshiftseconomicresourcesoutofanareaoflowerandintoanareaofhigherproductivityandyield.”ButSaysdefinitiondoesnottelluswhothisentrepreneuris.Somedefinetheentrepreneursimplyasonewhostartshisorherownnewandsmallbusiness.Forourpurposes,wewilldefinetheentrepreneurasapersonwhotakesthenecessaryriskstoorganizeandmanageabusinessandreceivesthefinancialprofitsandnonmonetaryrewards.

Themanwhoopensasmallpizzarestaurantisinbusiness,butisheanentrepreneur?Hetookariskanddidsomething,butdidheshiftresourcesorstartthebusiness?Iftheanswerisyes,thenheisconsideredanentrepreneur.RayKrocisanexampleofanentrepreneurbecausehefoundedandestablishedMcDonalds.Hishamburgerswerenotanewidea,butheappliednewtechniques,resourceallocations,andorganizationalmethodsinhisventure.RayKrocupgradedtheproductivityandyieldfromtheresourcesappliedtocreatehisfastfoodchain.Thisiswhatentrepreneursdo;thisiswhatentrepreneurshipmeans.

Manyofthesharp,blackandwhitecontrastsbetweentheentrepreneurandtheprofessionalhavefacedtoagraycolor.Formerly,professionalssuchasdoctors,lawyers,dentists,andaccountantswerenotsupposedtobeentrepreneurial,aggressive,ormarketoriented.Theywere“above”themarketdrivenworld.Entrepreneurs,ontheotherhand,werethemavericksofsociety.Theywererisktakerswhoaggressivelysoughttomakesomethinghappen.Longhourswereaboutallthetwoworldshadincommon.However,increasedcompetition,saturatedmarkets,andamorepriceconsciouspublichavechangedtheworldoftheprofessionals.Todaytheyneedtomarkettheirskills,talents,andcompetencies;Lawyersadvertisetheirservices.Doctorsspecializeinoneformofsurgery.Accountingfirmsjoinwithotherbusinesses(e.g.,consultingandlaw)toserveclients.

Entrepreneursexhibitmanydifferentbehaviors;searchingforaspecificpersonalitypatternisverydifficult.Someentrepreneursarequiet,introverted,andanalytical.Ontheotherhand,somearebrash,extroverted,andveryemotional.manyofthemsharesomequalities.Viewingchangeasthenorm,entrepreneursusuallysearchforit,respondtoit,andtreatitasanopportunity.AnentrepreneursuchasRayKrocofMcDonaldsisabletotakeresourcesandshiftthemtomeetaneed.Makingthedecisiontoshiftresourcesworksbetterifapersoniscreative,experienced,andconfident.31.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whocanberegardedasanentrepreneur?

A.TheCEOofabigcompany.

B.Theownerofaprofitablerestaurant.

C.Amanwhostartedanewkindofbusinessbuteventuallyfailedafter5yearsbecauseofsomefinancialproblems.

D.Asuccessfulsalesman.32.Whichofthefollowingsarenecessaryforanentrepreneur?

①aresourceshifter②onewhostartsanewbusiness

③nonprofessional④moneygaining

⑤arisktaker

A.①②③B.①②④⑤C.①②⑤D.①②③④⑤33.Fromthetext,welearnthat.

A.anentrepreneurshouldbeveryextroverted

B.anentrepreneurshouldbequicktoseizeopportunities

C.changeisnotnorminanentrepreneurseyes

D.theFrencheconomistJ.B.Sayisthefirstpersonwhogavethedefinitionof“entrepreneur”34.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassageisto.

A.completethedefinitionofentrepreneur

B.tellthereaderswhatisentrepreneurandthemaincharacteristicsofentrepreneurs

C.showwhatkindofpeoplecanbecomeentrepreneurs

D.illustratewhyRayKroccanbecomeanentrepreneur35.Whatwillmostpossiblyfollowthetext?

A.Anexampleofhowanentrepreneuroperates.

B.Anothertheoryaboutentrepreneurship.

C.Thebadeffectsofentrepreneurs.

D.Thegoodeffectsofentrepreneurs.Text4

Moderntechnologyandsciencehaveproducedawealthofnewmaterialsandnewwaysofusingoldmaterials.Fortheartistthismeanswideropportunities.Thereisnodoubtthatthelimitationsofmaterialsandnatureoftoolsbothrestrictandshapeaman’swork.Observehowthedevelopmentofplasticsandlightmetalsalongwithnewmethodsofweldinghaschangedthedirectionofsculpture.Transparentplasticmaterialsallowonetolookthroughanobject,toseeitsvarioussidessuperimposedoneachother(asinCubismorinanXray).Today,weldingisasprevalentascastingwasinthepast.Thisnewmethodencouragesopendesigns,wheresurroundingandinterveningspacebecomesasimportantasformitself.

Moreambiguousthanotherscientificinventionsfamiliartomodernartists,butnolessinfluential,arethepsychoanalyticstudiesofFreudandhisfollowers,discoveriesthathaveinfiltratedrecentart,especiallySurrealism.TheSurrealists,intheirstruggletoescapethemonotonyandfrustrationsofeverydaylife,claimedthatdreamsweretheonlyhope.Turningtotheirrationalworldoftheirunconscious,theybanishedalltimebarriersandmoraljudgementstocombinedisconnecteddreamexperiencesfromthepast,presentandinterveningpsychologicalstates.TheSurrealistswereconcernedwithoverlappingemotionsmorethanwithoverlappingforms.Theirpaintingsoftenbecomesegmentedcapsulesofassociativeexperiences.Forthem,obsessiveandoftenunrelatedimagesreplacedthedirectemotionalmessageofexpressionism.Theydidnotneedtosmashpaintandcanvas;theywentbeyondthistosmashthewholecontinuityoflogicalthought.

Thereislittledoubtthatcontemporaryarthastakenmuchfromcontemporarylife.Inaperiodwhensciencehasmaderevolutionarystrides,artistsintheirstudioshavenotbeenunawareofscientistsintheirlaboratories.Butthishasrarelybeenaonewaystreet.Paintersandsculptors,thoughadmittedlyinfluencedbymodernscience,havealsomoldedandchangedourworld.Ifbreakuphasbeenavitalpartoftheirexpression,ithasnotalwaysbeenasymbolofdestruction.Quitethecontrary:ithasbeenusedtoexaminemorefully,topenetratemoredeeply,toanalyzemorethoroughly,toenlarge,isolateandmakemorefamiliarcertainaspectsoflifethatearlierwewereapttoneglect.Inaddition,itsometimesprovidesrichmultipleexperiencessoorganizedasnotmerelytoreflectourworld,butinfacttointerpretit.36.Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat.

Aartisticcreationsseemtobethereproductionsofmoderntechnology

Bartisticcreationshavemadegreatstridesscientifically

Cartisticcreationsappeartobeincapableofignoringmaterialadvances

Dartisticcreationsarethereflectionofthematerialworld37.Theweldingtechniques.

Acancausealotofchangesinsculpturearts

Bpermitdetailsofanobjecttobeseenclearly

Ccansuperimposemultiplesidesofsculptor’sdesigns

Dcanmakeartistsadaptabletobesurroundings38.WecanlearnfromthetextthatFreud’sstudies.

Aaremoreambiguousthananyotherscientificinvention

Bhaveinfluencedotherscientificinventions

CcauseSurrealism

DhaveinfiltratedSurrealism39.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSurrealists?

ATheydiminishedalltimebarriersandmoraljudgementstocombinedisconnecteddreamexperiences.

BTheytriedtoexpresstheirsubconsciousworld.

CTheycouldtransformrealexistenceintoincoherentdreams.

DTheywantedtosubstitutedirectexpressionsforfragmentedimages.40.Thesentence“Butthishasrarelybeenaonewaystreet.”inthelastparagraphmeansthat.

Acontemporaryarthasbeennourishedbymodernscience

Bmodernsciencehasbeennourishedbyart

Cartistscanbecomescientistsandscientistscanbecomeartists

DtheimpactsofmodernartandscienceareactuallymutualPartBDirections:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

AremotePatagoniantownthat’sjustbeginningtoprosperbyguidingtouriststhroughthevirginforestsnearbyisbeingshakenbytherealizationthatit’ssittingonagoldmine.Literally.41)___________________________________________________________________

Esquel’splightiswinningattentionfrominternationalconservationandenvironmentalgroupssuchasGreenpeace.42)__________________________

About3.2millionacresalreadyareundercontractformineralexplorationinpoorandsparselysettledChubutProvince,whereEsquelis,nearthesoutherntipofSouthAmerica.43)______________________________________

Meridian’sproject,about5milesoutsideEsquelatahigherelevation,isabout20milesfromanationalparkthatpreservesratetreesknownasalerces,asouthernrelativeofCalifornia’sgiantsequoia.Someofthemhavebeengrowingserenelyinthetemperaterainforestformorethan3,000years.

Thegreatestfearisthatcyanide,whichisusedtoleachgoldfromore,willdraindownhillandpoisonEsquel’sandpossiblythepark’swatersupplies.Theminewilluse180tonsofthedeadlychemicaleachmonth.Althoughmanytownspeopleandsomegeologistsdisagree,thecompanysaysanyexcesscyanidewoulddrainawayfromEsquel.

“Wewon’tallowthemtotearthingsupandleaveuswiththetoxicaftermath,”saidFelixAguilar,28,ashepilotedaboatloadoftouriststhroughalakeintheAlerces

44)__________________________________________________________________________

AyoungEnglishbotanistnamedCharlesDarwin,theauthorofthetheoryofevolution,wasthefirstEuropeantoseealerces,withtrunksthathadacircumferenceof130feet.Hegavethetreeitsgenericname,Fitzroyacupressoides,forthecaptainofhisship,RobertFitzroy.

Argentina,pressedbytheUnitedStates,Canada,theWorldBankandothergloballenders,rewroteitsmininglawsinthe1990stoencourageforeign

investment.45)________________________________________

Argentinatookinmorethan＄1billionoverthepastdecadebygrantingexplorationcontractsforpreciousmetalstomorethan70foreignanddomesticcompanies.Ifthecountryweretoturnawayamajorinvestor,themessagetoitsminingsectorwouldbechilling.［A］WhetherMeridianGoldCorp.getsitsopenpitgoldmineoutsideEsquelcoulddeterminethefateofmininginPatagonia,apristineregionspanningsouthernArgentinaandChile.［B］ForestecologistPaulAlaback,aUniversityofMontanaprofessorwhostudiesthealerces,saidArgentineauthoritiescouldgainfromAlaska’ssuccessfulnaturebasedtourism.［C］Morethan3,000worriedEsquelresidentsrecentlytooktothestreetsinprotestsaimedatassuringthattheirneatcommunityof28,000becomesaecotourismcenter,notagoldrushtown.［D］AmericanDouglasTomkins,thefounderoftheEspritclothinglineandaprominentglobalconservationist,hasboughtmorethan800,000wildernessacresinChiletopreservealercesandprotectwhat’sleftofthetemperaterainforest.TedTurner,thecommunicationsmagnate,alsohasboughtlandinArgentinePatagoniawithaneyetoconservation.［E］ResidentsalsocomplainthatArgentinahasn’tgivennaturebasedtourismachance.［F］Miningcompaniesreceivedincentivessuchas30yearswithoutnewtaxesanddutyfreeimportsofearthmovingequipment.［G］InArgentina,thetownhasbecomeanationalsymbolinthedebateoverexploitationvs.preservationofthecountry’svastnaturalresources.PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Forbetterorworse,multiplemarriagesaren’tjustforactressElizabethTaylor(renownedforhereightmarriages)anymore.

MoreAmericansthaneveraretyingtheknot(gettingmarried)forthethirdtimeormore.

LynnY.NaugleHaspel,a53yearoldfamilytherapistinNewOrleans,saysthatpeople’spersonalneedsanddesiressimplychangesastheirlifeevolves.

“Whatfunctionswellinthefirstpartofourlivesmaynotfunctionwellinthesecondorthirdpartsofourlives,”sheexplains.Shedidn’tstarthercareerasatherapistuntilherchildrenfromherfirstmarriagewenttoschool.Thatmarriagelasted21years,hersecondmarriagefiveyears.Twoyearsago,shewedforathirdtime,andshedescribesthisunionasan“extremelyeasymarriage”.

Today,atanestimatedoneofsevenweddings,thebride,thegroomorbotharemakingthattripdowntheaisleforatleastthethirdtime.That’stwiceasmanyasagenerationago,accordingtotheUSNationalCentreforHealthStatistics.

46)Inpart,thesurgeinmultiplemarriagesisasideeffectofthe1970sdivorceboomthathassuppliedaneverexpandingpoolofdivorcedsingles.Eventhesimplefactthatpeoplearelivinglongerhasopenedthedoortomarryingmoreoften.Nofaultdivorcelaws(meaningnooneisblamedforthefailureofthemarriage),andculturalchangeshave