2022年英语试题高三上学期期末检测卷试题及答案

英语试题高三上期末质量检测考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力（共两节）第一节（共5小题）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantogivehim?A.Atable.B.HerIDcard.C.Asignedparcel.2.Whatwillthewomandofortheman?A.Cleanthemarkonhisshirt.B.Givehimaridetoawedding.C.Buyhimashirtintenminutes.3.Howdoesthewomanprobablygotoworkatpresent?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Neighbors.C.Motherandson.5.Howistheweathernow?A.Hot.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.第二节（共15小题）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题6.WhatwillthemandoinSingapore?A.Learnfromthewoman.B.Travelwiththewoman.C.WorkwithJohnTaylor.7.WhydoesthemanfeelnervousaboutgoingtoSingapore?A.Hehastoworkasanewmanager.B.Hehasmanyprojectstofinishthere.C.Hehasneverbeenoutofthecountry.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Onwhatdoesthemanaskthewomanforadvice?A.Howtokeephealthy.B.Whichcoffeemakertobuy.C.Wheretogetarealbargain.9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inthegym.C.Inashop.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakers?A.Collegestudents.B.Schoolteachers.C.Schooladministrators.11.Whatisitinthemiddleofthemap?A.Therestaurant.B.TheStudentUnion.C.TheMediaCenter.12.Whatcanstudentsborrowfromtheoldlibrary?A.Sportsmagazines.B.Entertainmentmagazines.C.Financialbooks.听第9段材料，回答13至16题。13.Whatmadethemangiveupasailingtriplastweekend?A.Thebusyschedule.B.Thelongdistance.C.Thehighcost.14.WhatdidJennydolastweekend?A.Sheparticipatedinacompetition.B.Shewonafootballprizeatthepark.C.Sheplayedtenniswithherbrother.15.Whogotinjured?A.Emily.B.Joe.C.Andy.16.Whatwillthewomandonextweekend?A.Gotothebeachwiththeman.B.Goswimmingandfishingalone.C.Invitethemantoabasketballgame.听10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whendidthespeakergotothecinemaforthefirsttime?A.In1932.B.In1937.C.In1945.18.Whatdidthespeakergetfromhismother?A.Sweets.B.Chocolate.C.Somemoney.19.Howdidthespeakerfeelinthecinema?A.AmazedB.Bored.C.Frightened.20.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthefilminthosedays?A.Thesetswererealandconvincing.B.Theactors'performancesweregreat.C.Thespecialeffectswereunbelievable.第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节（共15小题）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AJoinusforanexcitingdayofmusicattheUNIDomewiththePantherMarchingBand!BandDayisperfectforhighschoolbandstudentsingrades9—12.Comeandjoinusforanoutstanding,positiveandfriendlymusicalandsocialexperienceforhighschoolbandstudents!Wehopeyou'llenjoythefellowshipwithotherbandstudentsthroughoutthestateandthefantasticperformancesofbands!Directorswhowishtobringtheirfullbandsorasmallergroupofbandstudentsshouldfindthistobeaneasyandfuneventtoorganizeandattend!Individual（个体的）studentswhowishtoparticipateassingleperformersarestronglyencouragedtoattend!You'llhaveachancetomeetourfantasticstudentsandperforminafriendly,welcomingenvironment!Date：November9Music：Alinktodownloadmusicwillbeincludedinyourconfirmationemailafteryouregister.MusicwillbeavailableatthatlinknolaterthanSeptember1.Registration:●Banddirectorsregisteringfullbandsorgroupsofstudentsfromthesamebandshouldregisterhere：https://bands,uni.edu/band-day-group-registration●Individualstudentsregisteringindependentlymayregisterhere：https：//bands.uni.edu/panther-band-day-individual-registrationCost：$10.00perstudentincludes：admissiontothegame,pizzadinner,musicandaBandDayT-Shirt.Notes：●We'vechangedourpaymentmethodtoimprovetheregistrationprocess.Individualstudentsmustpayusingacreditcardatthetimeofregistration.BanddirectorsmayeitherpaywithcreditcardormailacheckmadeouttoPantherMarchingBand.●FinaldeadlineforregistrationsubmissionsisMonday,October14.●Duetospacelimitations,band/individualstudentsmaybelimitedtoafirst-replybasis.1.Howcanaparticipantbenefitfromtheevent?A.Listentotheirfavoritepopularmusic.B.Getachancetojoinabandtheylove.C.Chatwithfamousmusiciansfacetoface.D.Knownewpeopleandenjoyperformances.2.Whencanaparticipantusethelinkintheconfirmationemailtodownloadmusic?A.OnAugust30. B.OnSeptember2.C.OnOctober14. D.OnNovember9.3.Whatareyouexpectedtodotoparticipateasanindividualstudent?A.Askforabanddirector'scompany. B.Senda10-dollarchecktotheBand.C.Pay10dollarswithyourcreditcard. D.EmailtheBandjustonNovember9.BMymotherspreadsjoywherevershegoes.Rightnowsheisprobablywritinganencouragingnotetoafriend,praisingsomeoneshehascomeacrossinthehallway,orreadingthenewspapertosomeoneinherretirementcommunity（社区）.Growingup,mymotherthoughtaboutbecomingadancer,butshedidn'thavethechanceuntilretirement.Thenshejoinedherfirstgroup,TheHotFlashes.Oncesheputonthetapshoes,"DancingGrammy”wasborn.Thereseemstobenoendtoherenergyasshetap-dancesherwayintopeople'shearts,bringingsmilestosadplaces.Butthisisnothingnewformymother.Beingalifetimeeducator,shewasrecognizedin2015asherschooldistrict'sTeacheroftheYear.Irememberhereveningphonecallstoherstudents'homeswhenshetookabreakfromgradingpapers.Theyweren'tthetypicalbad-newscallsmanyparentswouldexpect.Usuallyshewascallingaboutsomethingpositive.Iwastheyoungestofsevenchildrenandlifewasn'teasyformymother.Iremembersittingonthebackofherbikeasshetookmetoadaycarecenterforlow-incomefamiliesonherwaytoRosaryCollege,whereshewasseekinganeducationdegree.Athomeshewastoughasshehadtobe.Shehadbeenstrictinmychildhood,butIlearnedfromwatchingher.Herworkethic（道德）anddeterminationpasseddowntome.Icouldwriteabookaboutmymother,andprobablyIwillsomeday.Betteryet,wemaywriteonetogether,asherdreamtobeawriterhasn'tyetbeenrealized.ButshegotonestepcloserbyattendingtheErmaBombeekWriters*WorkshopinDayton,Ohio,whereshewasinspiredtowriteabook.Frommotherofseventograndmotherofeighteen,mymothercontinuestoinspireeveryoneshemeets.Shehasmanytitles,butmyfavoriteisMother.4.Whatdoestheauthor'smothertendtodo?A.Sheoftenhelpspoorpeople. B.Shechangesheraimsconstantly.C.Shejoinsenergeticpeople. D.Shebringshappinesstoothers.5.Whydidtheauthor'smotheroftenmakecallstoherstudents,homes?A.Toknowherstudents'performanceathome.B.Tohelpherstudents'parentsbuildconfidence.C.Totellherstudents'parentssomegoodnews.D.Toaskherstudentstogradetheirpapersfast.6.Howwastheauthor'schildhood?A.Dullbutsmooth, B.Difficultbutrewarding.C.Relaxingandenjoyable. D.Roughandmeaningless.7.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowherloveandrespectforhermother.B.Tokeeparecordofhermother'sretirementlife.C.Tofindinspirationtowriteabookforhermother.DTopraisehermothersprofessionalachievements.CMoreoftenthannot,wethinkthetasteoffoodislargelytodowiththewayit'scooked.However,accordingtoanewstudypublishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch,sittingandstandingalsoaffectthetaste.LeadauthorDipayanBiswas,aprofessorfromtheUniversityofSouthFloridaintheUS,lookedspecificallyathowthevestibular（前庭的）sense,whichisresponsibleforbalance,posture（姿势）andlocationawareness,workswithoursenseoftaste.Hefoundthatstandingforevenafewminutescausespeopletofeelphysicalstress.Gravitypushesbloodtothelowerpartsofthebody,causingthehearttoworkharder.Thisincreasestheheartrateandleadstoincreasedstresshormones（荷尔蒙）.Allofthesereducesensorysensitivity,whichaffectstaste.Ourmouthsfailtotasteorfeeltemperatureaswellwhenthishappens.Whenpeopleexperiencediscomfort,foodsthatnormallytastegoodaren'taspleasing,saysScienceDaily.Biswasgave350participantseachapieceofbiscuitandhadthemrateitstastiness.Thosewhostoodwhileeatinggaveitalowerratingthanthosewhosatincomfortablechairs.Next,Biswasandhisteamgaveparticipantsbite-sizedcookiesfromawell-knownlocalrestaurant.Thesecookiesarewidelyconsideredtobeverytasty.Thosewhosatdowntoeatratedthemhighly.However,whenthebakeraddedextrasalt,theresultswereopposite.Participantswhostooduptoeatthecookiesdidn'tnoticethatthecookiestastedsaltier,whilethosewhowereseatedfoundthecookiesweren'tsotasty.Soifyoureallywanttoenjoyyourmeal,trytofindyourselfacomfortableseat.Butifyou'retryingtoloseweight,eatingwhilestandingcouldbehelpfulbecausepeopletendtoeatlesswhilestanding.8.What'sthecommonbeliefaboutthetasteofthefoodinthetext?A.Itseemsassociatedwithpeople'spreferences.B.Itislargelytodowithhowpeoplesitorstand.C.Ithaslittletodowiththewaypeopleeatfood.D.Itismainlydeterminedbyhowfoodiscooked.9.Whydopeoplewhostandlessenjoyfood?A.Theirmentalhealthdeclines. B.Theirheartsworkmoreslowly.C.Theyarelesssensitivetotaste. D.Theyhavenosensorysensitivity.10.HowdidDipayanBiswasgethisconclusionsinparagraph4?A.Byclassifyingexamples. B.Bydoingexperiments.C.Bystudyingprevioustheories. D.Byanalyzingabundantdata.11.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.SittingHasVariousEffectsonEatingB.PostureAffectsHowPeopleEnjoyFoodC.EatingWhileStandingHelpstoLoseWeightD.SittingandStandingAreCommonPosturesDIntheolddays,whenyouhadtodrivetoamovietheatertogetsomeentertainment,itwaseasytoseehowyouractionscouldhaveanimpact（影响）ontheenvironment.Afterall,youwerejumpingintoyourcar,drivingacrosstown,coughingoutemissions（产生排放）andusinggasalltheway.Butnowthatwe'reusedtostayingathomeandstreamingmovies,wemightgetalittleproud.Afterall,we'rejustpickingupourphonesandmaybeturningontheTV.You'rewelcome.MotherNature.Notsofast,saysarecentreportfromtheFrench-basedShiftProject.Accordingto"ClimateCrisis:TheUnsustainableUseofOnlineVideo",digitaltechnologiesareresponsiblefor4%ofgreenhousegasemissions,andthatenergyuseisincreasingby9%ayear.Watchingahalf-hourshowwouldcause1.6kilogramsofcarbondioxideemissions.That'slikedriving6.28kilometers.AndintheEuropeanUnion,theEurecaprojectfoundthatdatacenters（wherevideosarestored）thereused25%moreenergyin2017comparedtojustthreeyearsearlier,reportstheBBC.Streamingisonlyexpectedtoincreaseaswebecomemoreenamoredofourdigitaldevices（设备）andthepossibilityofenjoyingentertainmentwhereandwhenwewantitincreases.Onlinevideouseisexpectedtoincreasebyfourtimesfrom2017to2022andaccountfor80%ofallInternettrafficby2022.Bythen,about60%oftheworld'spopulationwillbeonline.You'reprobablynotgoingtogiveupyourstreamingservices,butthere'rethingsyoucandotohelplessentheimpactofyouronlineuse,expertssay.Forexample,accordingtoLutzStobbe,aresearcherfromtheFraunhoferInstituteinBerlin,wehavenoneedtoupload25picturesofthesamethingtothecloudbecauseitconsumesenergyeverytime.Ifinsteadyoudeleteafewthingshereandthere,youcansaveenergy.Moreover,it'salsoagoodideatostreamoverWi-Fi,watchonthesmallestscreenyoucan,andturnoffyourWi-Fiinyourhomeifyou'renotusingyourdevices.12.Whattopicisthefirstparagraphintendedtoleadin?A.Theenvironmentaleffectsofdrivingprivatecars.B.Theimprovementsonenvironmentalawareness.C.Thechangeinthewaypeopleseekentertainment.D.Theenvironmentalimpactsofscreamingservices.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasebecomemoreenamoredof"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Getmoreskepticalof. B.Becomemoreawareof.C.Feelmuchcrazierabout. D.Getmoreworriedabout.14.Whatcanweinferabouttheuseofstreamingservices?A.Itisbeingreducedtoprotecttheplanet.B.Itsenvironmentaleffectsareworsening.C.Itiseasilyavailabletoalmosteveryone.D.Itssideeffectshavedrawnglobalattention.15.Whichofthefollowingisthemostenvironmentally-friendly?A.Watchingdownloadedmoviesonamobilephone.B.Downloadingmusiconapersonalcomputer.C.Uploadingalotofimagesofthesamething.D.Playingonlinegamesovermobilenetworks.第二节（共5小题）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We'veallbeenthere,staringatablankscreen,throwingendlessdraftsinthetrashcan,pullingouthair,lookingthroughFacebookphotos,re-orderingmusiclibrariesandevenwipingthecomputerclean.Wedoanythingtopassthetimeandavoidadmittingthepainfullyobvious—we'vehitmentalblocks.Theyareusuallyasignthatwe'vetakenourfocusoffwhatwewantandplaceditfirmlyonwhatwedon't.___16___.Thefollowingtipsaredesignedtohelpclearthemaway.HittheshowerMentalblocksofanynaturearearesultofonething：notbeingfirmlyinthepresent.Takingashowerisasimpleandeffectivewaytobringyourattentionbacktothepresent.___17___.Anditenablesyoutodevelopmorecreativeideastofigureoutyourproblems.___18___Mentalblocksarisewhenyoufocusonwhatyoudon'twant,insteadofwhatyoudowant.Agreattrickforremovingthemistochangethechannelorinputforafewminutes.___19___.Forexample,youcouldbewritingapieceforamagazineonlytobecontrolledbythehatefulblock.Now,stopwritingandselectavideotocatchyourattention.Twentyminuteslater,thenewyousitsbackfeelingtotallyinspired.Stillstuck?Askforhelp___20___.Soturntoothersifyouarestillstuck.Byaskingforhelp,younotonlybenefitfromsomeoneelse'sobjectiveview,butyouarealsoabletooffersomeoneelsethechancetohelpworkoutaproblem.Makesurethatyouaskpreferablysomeonewhohassuccessfullydealtwithasimilarsituationbefore.A.FindyourfocusB.Besides,itallowsyoutorelaxC.ChangethechannelforawhileD.NooneistrulysuccessfulaloneE.TurningtoothersisagreatwaytofocusyourattentionF.Sometimes,ourmentalblocksarestrongerthanusual,refusingtoleaveG.Onewayistodosomethingunrelatedtotheproblemyouareworkingon第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（共20小题）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MybirthnameisOyindasolaacommonNigerianname,butIamoftencalledChelsea.SomeaskwhyIdon'tusemyreal___21___.Itellthemastoryaboutmyfather___22___ChelseaayearafterIwasborn,wherehehadawonderfulholiday."Chelsea"___23___tohimsomuchthatit___24___oneverybirthdaycakeofmine.WhenIwasseven,wedecidedto___25___toNigeria,wheremygrandparentshadpersuadedustobuyahousetolivewiththem.Andmymotherneededtoknowwhat___26___therewouldcallme.ThenameI'dbeencalledforaslongasIcould___27___orthecomplexnameonmypassport?AweeklaterwefoundourselvesatanairportwithgroupsofNigeriansspeakingaswe___28___ourcab.Soon,mymemoriesofDisneyinAmericawere___29___withsoundsofNigerianmusic.MytonguegrewheavierwithNigerian___30___,andthewordssharedbetweenmymotherandgrandmotherintheirnativetonguefinally___31___But,Istillwasn'tNigerianenough.Thereunfriendlylooksand___32___wereaconstantreminderofwhowas：anAmericangirlwiththewesternizedname.SoIwasn't___33___sadwhenmymotherannouncedourbacktoAmericaforherwork.OnthefirstdayofmiddleschoolinAmerica,___34___hitmebecauseIknewmybirthnamewouldn't___35___theattendancelist.Iwas___36___whentheteachermispronouncedmypainfullylongnameandmyclassmateslaughed.Butwitheverypassingyear,camenew___37___.Everynewattendancerollcallwasrespondedwithabravervoiceanda___38___smile.Thatlongname,mispronouncedornot,ismine.TheNigerianaccentslippingthroughismine.WhoIamissimple：aNigeriangirlwith___39___totheAmericandream,agirlwithtwo___40___andtwonames.21.A.origin B.identity C.name D.signature22A.describing B.visiting C.abandoning D.leaving23.A.means B.exposes C.applies D.commits24.A.competes B.happens C.withdraws D.appears25.A.travel B.move C.pace D.walk26.A.troop B.class C.family D.staff27.A.remember B.predict C.imagine D.survive28.A.pulleddown B.testedout C.fixedup D.headedfor29.A.connected B.replaced C.faced D.decorated30.A.recreation B.lifestyle C.accent D.diet31.A.madesense B.tookshape C.diedaway D.ranout32.A.debates B.decisions C.negotiations D.remarks33.A.rarely B.absolutely C.casually D.eventually34.A.anxiety B.disappointment C.rudeness D.shock35A.form B.throw C.ruin D.escape36.A.guilty B.regretful C.embarrassed D.confused37.A.sympathy B.confidence C.generosity D.honesty38.A.kinder B.deeper C.wider D.heavier39.A.reaction B.objection C.response D.access40.A.languages B.advantages C.degrees D.occupations第二节（共10小题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Iconsidermyselftobeapatientperson,butIfindthatIhavetroublestayingpatientwhen___41___(teach)myyoungestdaughterhowtoread.Shecanread___42___word"the"seventimesinonebookandthenstruggletosounditoutthenexttimesheseesit.ThoughItryto___43___(calm)encourageher,Istillcan'thelpgettingimpatientatthestrangecontradictionsthatcomewithlearninghowtoread.Itturnsout___44___I'mnotalone.Researchershavefoundthatit'shardforaparent___45___(sit)patientlybyandlistentoakidstruggletoread,andthisiswhydogsareneeded.Expertsassumethatreadingtodogshelpskidsovercomethefearofbeingjudgedwhentheyread.Thisisbecausereadingtodogsgiveskidsanon-judgmental,comfortingcompaniontolistentothem___46___thepressureofperfection.Sofar,theassumptionthatreadingtodogsisbeneficialtokids___47___(confirm)byresearchersfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaOkanaganSchoolofEducation.Theywatched17childreningradesIthrough3read,andfoundthatchildrenspentsignificantlymoretimereadingandshowedmore___48___(patient)whenadogwasintheroom.What'smore,thechildrenreportedfeeling___49___(interested)inreadingthanbefore.Somaybeit’stimethatwehadfamilydogshelpwiththeirreading___50___(lesson).第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（共10小题）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Thewindwasblowinghardastwoboyswereintheirwaytoschool.Theymetanoldman,whichcouldhardlywalk.Justastheypassedher,thestrongwindblewtheoldman'shatoff.Itwascarriedquicklyupthestreet,buttheoldmanwasnotablerunafterit."Myboys,pleasepickingupmyhat,"criedtheoldman.However,theboysburstintolaughtersandstoodstill.Theythoughtitwasfuntoseethehatblowingabout.Justthenalittlegirlcame.Sheranatoncebutcaughtthehat.Thenshecarefulwipedthehatcleanbeforehandingittotheoldman.Seeingthat,theboyswerestoppedlaughing.第二节书面表达52.假定你是李华，上星期向你校的交换生Tim借了一本英文版的《西游记》，但是不小心将它弄丢了。请你就此给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.表达歉意；2.说明原因；3.提出补救措施。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已为你写好。参考词汇:《西游记^JourneytotheWestDearTim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua高三上期末质量检测参考答案第一部分听力（共两节）第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节（共15小题）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A【答案】1.D2.A3.C【解析】这是一则广告。BandDay最适合9-12年级的高中乐队学生。快来加入我们，为高中乐队学生带来一场精彩、积极、友好的音乐和社会体验吧!这则广告介绍BandDay乐队的有关事宜。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Wehopeyou'llenjoythefellowshipwithotherbandstudentsthroughoutthestateandthefantasticperformancesofbands!和第三段You'llhaveachancetomeetourfantasticstudentsandperforminafriendly,welcomingenvironment!可知，参加者通过认识新朋友，欣赏表演，从活动中获益。故选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Music：Alinktodownloadmusicwillbeincludedinyourconfirmationemailafteryouregister.MusicwillbeavailableatthatlinknolaterthanSeptember1.“在您注册后，下载音乐的链接将包含在您的确认电子邮件中。音乐将在9月1日之前在该链接提供”。由此推知，在八月三十日参加者可以使用电邮确认中的链接下载音乐。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文中Cost：$10.00perstudentincludes：admissiontothegame,pizzadinner,musicandaBandDayT-Shirt.可知，作为一个独立的学生，你应该用你的信用卡付10美元。故选C。B【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己妈妈的故事。作者的妈妈总是给别人带来快乐。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Mymotherspreadsjoywherevershegoes.Rightnowsheisprobablywritinganencouragingnotetoafriend,praisingsomeoneshehascomeacrossinthehallway,orreadingthenewspapertosomeoneinherretirementcommunity（社区）.“我母亲无论走到哪里都传播欢乐。现在，她可能正在给朋友写一封鼓励信，赞扬某个她在走廊上遇到的人，或者给某个她所在的退休社区的人读报纸。”由此可知，作者的妈妈给别人带来快乐。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Irememberhereveningphonecallstoherstudents'homeswhenshetookabreakfromgradingpapers.Theyweren'tthetypicalbad-newscallsmanyparentswouldexpect.Usuallyshewascallingaboutsomethingpositive.“我记得她晚上批改作业休息时，给学生家里打了电话。这并不是许多家长所期待的典型的坏消息。通常她打电话是为了一些积极的事情。”由此可知，作者的母亲经常给学生家里打电话是为了告诉她的学生的父母一些好消息。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中Iremembersittingonthebackofherbikeasshetookmetoadaycarecenterforlow-incomefamiliesonherwaytoRosaryCollege,whereshewasseekinganeducationdegree.“我记得在她去罗萨里学院(RosaryCollege)攻读教育学学位的路上，她带我去了一家面向低收入家庭的日托中心，我坐在她的自行车后座上。”和

Shehadbeenstrictinmychildhood,butIlearnedfromwatchingher.Herworkethic（道德）anddeterminationpasseddowntome.“她在我小时候很严厉，但我从她身上学到了很多。她的职业道德和决心遗传给了我。”由此可知，作者的童年虽然困难但是值得的。故选B。【7题详解】目的意图题。根据最后一段Frommotherofseventograndmotherofeighteen,mymothercontinuestoinspireeveryoneshemeets.Shehasmanytitles,butmyfavoriteisMother.“从7个孩子的母亲到18个孩子的祖母，我的母亲继续激励着她遇到的每一个人。她有很多头衔，但我最喜欢的是Mother。”由此可知作者写这篇文章的目的是来表达她对母亲的爱和尊重。故选A。C【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实例介绍姿势影响人们如何享受食物。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Moreoftenthannot,wethinkthetasteoffoodislargelytodowiththewayit'scooked.“通常情况下，我们认为食物的味道很大程度上与烹饪方法有关。”由此可知，人们关于食物味道的普遍看法是这主要取决于食物是如何烹饪的。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Hefoundthatstandingforevenafewminutescausespeopletofeelphysicalstress.Gravitypushesbloodtothelowerpartsofthebody,causingthehearttoworkharder.Thisincreasestheheartrateandleadstoincreasedstresshormones（荷尔蒙）.Allofthesereducesensorysensitivity,whichaffectstaste.“他发现，站立哪怕几分钟都会让人感到身体压力。重力将血液推到身体的下部，导致心脏工作更困难。这会增加心率，导致应激激素增加。所有这些都会降低感官敏感度，从而影响味觉。”由此可知，人站着吃东西少是因为他们对味道不太敏感。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Biswasgave350participantseachapieceofbiscuitandhadthemrateitstastiness.Thosewhostoodwhileeatinggaveitalowerratingthanthosewhosatincomfortablechairs.Next,Biswasandhisteamgaveparticipantsbite-sizedcookiesfromawell-knownlocalrestaurant.“Biswas给了350名参与者每人一块饼干，并让他们评价饼干的味道。那些站着吃饭的人比那些坐在舒适椅子上的人给出的评价要低。接下来，Biswas和他的团队给参与者吃当地一家著名餐馆的一口大小的饼干。”由此可知，DipayanBiswas在第4段通过做实验得出结论。故选B。【11题详解】标题判断题。根据第1段Moreoftenthannot,wethinkthetasteoffoodislargelytodowiththewayit'scooked.However,accordingtoanewstudypublishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch,sittingandstandingalsoaffectthetaste.“通常情况下，我们认为食物的味道很大程度上与烹饪方法有关。然而，根据发表在《消费者研究杂志》上的一项新研究，坐着和站着也会影响口感。”由此可知，B项PostureAffectsHowPeopleEnjoyFood“姿势影响人们如何享受食物。”为文章最佳主题。故选B。【点睛】在细节考查题中有一类事实细节题。该题属于细节类型的阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。本题第小题，根据第一段Moreoftenthannot,wethinkthetasteoffoodislargelytodowiththewayit'scooked.“通常情况下，我们认为食物的味道很大程度上与烹饪方法有关。”由此可知，文章中关于食物味道的普遍看法是这主要取决于食物是如何烹饪的。故选D。D【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国Shift项目最近的一份报告称，观看半小时的节目将导致3.5磅的二氧化碳排放量。存储在数据中心的视频通过网络传输到我们的终端，如计算机、智能手机等：所有这些过程都需要电力，而电力的生产消耗资源，通常涉及二氧化碳的排放，并呼吁我们做一些事情来帮助减少你在线使用的影响。【12题详解】目的意图题。根据第一段中Intheolddays,whenyouhadtodrivetoamovietheatertogetsomeentertainment,itwaseasytoseehowyouractionscouldhaveanimpact（影响）ontheenvironment.“在过去，当你开车去电影院看电影的时候，很容易就能看到你的行为对环境的影响。”由此可知，第一段的主题是流媒体服务对环境的影响。故选D。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中Onlinevideouseisexpectedtoincreasebyfourtimesfrom2017to2022andaccountfor80%ofallInternettrafficby2022.Bythen,about60%oftheworld'spopulationwillbeonline.“从2017年到2022年，在线视频的使用预计将增加4倍，到2022年占所有互联网流量的80%。届时，全球约60%的人口将上网。”由此可知，Streamingisonlyexpectedtoincreaseaswebecomemoreenamoredofourdigitaldevices（设备）andthepossibilityofenjoyingentertainmentwhereandwhenwewantitincreases.“流媒体只会随着我们越来越迷恋我们的数字设备和随时随地享受娱乐的可能性的增加而增加。”中的划线部分的意思是“感觉更疯狂”。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中TheUnsustainableUseofOnlineVideo",digitaltechnologiesareresponsiblefor4%ofgreenhousegasemissions,andthatenergyuseisincreasingby9%ayear.Watchingahalf-hourshowwouldcause1.6kilogramsofcarbondioxideemissions.“数字技术造成了4%的温室气体排放，而能源消耗每年以9%的速度增长。看半小时的节目会导致6千克的二氧化碳排放。”第三段中Onlinevideouseisexpectedtoincreasebyfourtimesfrom2017to2022andaccountfor80%ofallInternettrafficby2022.“从2017年到2022年，在线视频的使用预计将增加4倍，到2022年占所有互联网流量的80%。”关于流媒体服务的使用，我们可以推断出它对环境的影响正在恶化。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ifinsteadyoudeleteafewthingshereandthere,youcansaveenergy.Moreover,it'salsoagoodideatostreamoverWi-Fi,watchonthesmallestscreenyoucan,andturnoffyourWi-Fiinyourhomeifyou'renotusingyourdevices.“相反，如果你删除一些东西，你可以节省能源。此外，通过Wi-Fi上网也是个不错的主意，你可以在最小的屏幕上观看，如果你不使用设备，可以关掉家里的Wi-Fi。”由此可知，“用手机看下载的电影”是最环保的。故选A。【点睛】做推理判断题时，要求考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。本题第3小题，根据最后一段中You'reprobablynotgoing