2024年全球包容性语言文化指南报告

为全球首屈一指的由技术赋能的语言、内容在为中国企业出海提供无偏见、包容性的英语风格指南和敏感词汇表等和包容性(DEI)角度出发，重新审视并规范了英文敏感词汇的使用。通过推荐使用“人本语言”、避免偏见与冒犯性词汇、摒弃委婉语、尊重个体偏好4.年龄、外貌与社会经济地位Age,AppearaAccessibility&Health本章节旨在提高公众对无障碍环境与健康议题中语言使用的敏感度。其中在描述残障或疾病时），•以人为本的语言：推荐使用“人本语言”（people于首位，强调人的主体性和多样性，如使用“personwithadisability”而非“disabledperson”•避免偏见与冒犯：如“addict”、“AIDSvictim”、“brain-damaged”等存在偏见或冒犯性，建议替换•避免委婉语：在谈论残疾时，应避免使用委婉语，因为这可能会被视为居高临下、冒犯或回避谈论残疾的一种方式，如“handicapped”、“hearing-impaired•特定术语的正确使用：如“late-termabortion”和“partial-birthabort•尊重个体偏好：强调在不确定受众偏好时，应倾向于使用更加普遍接受的术语，同时鼓励尊重个体的自我认方式，它鼓励我们在谈论他人时，始终将“人”放在首位，尊重他们的独特Accessibility&HealthTermNotesUseInsteadaddictThistermcanbereclaimedbytheindividual,butotherwiseprefer"personwithasubstanceusedisorder“可能带有偏见personwithasubstanceusedisorderAIDSvictimThistermcanimplythatapersonispowerless,withnocontrolover可能暗示一个人无能为力，无法控制自己的生活。HIVpositive;personlivingwithHIV;personwithHIVAvoiddescribingagrouponlyintermsoftheirdisabilitiesandnotaspeople.NotethatmanyindividualsintheBlindcommunityidentifyasblind/Blind(notethatthistermissometimescapitalized).However,becarefulaboutusing"blind"asacollectivenounforagroupofpeople,ortodescribethingsandsituationsinapejorativemanner.不要将“blind”用作一群人的集合名词，或以贬损的方式描述事物和情况。Defertothepreferencesofthepersonorpeoplewithdisabilitiesyouaretalkingabout.Ifyoudonotknowthepreferencesofyouraudience,prefer"personwhoisblind/Blind".bonkersThisisderogatorylanguagethatcontributestonegativeattitudesandstigmasurroundingmentalillness.一种贬损性语言，会助长对精神疾病的消极态度和污名化。personwithamentalhealthconditionbrain-damagedpersonwithanintellectualdisability;personwithatraumaticbrainmittedsuicideAvoidframingsuicideasanachievement(successful/unsuccessful)oracrime(committed).避免将自杀描述为完成（successful/unsuccessful）或罪行（committed）。Accessibility&HealthTermNotesUseInsteadcrazy;crazed;insaneThisisderogatorylanguagethatcontributestonegativeattitudesandstigmasurroundingmentalillness.这是一种贬损性语言，会助长对精神疾病的消极态度和污名化。personlivingwithmentalillness;withmentalhealthconditions.Iftosituationsandthings,removerewrite.personreferringandcripple;crippled;cripThesetermsareoffensivetopeoplewithphysicaldisabilities.对身体有残疾的人来说是具有冒犯性。personwithaphysicaldisabilitythedeafAvoiddescribingagrouponlyintermsoftheirdisabilitiesandnotaspeople.ManyindividualsintheDeafcommunityidentifyasdeaf/Deaf(notethatthistermissometimescapitalized).However,becarefulaboutusing"deaf"asacollectivenounforagroup,ortodescribesthingsandsituationsinapejorativemanner.不要将“thedeaf”用作一群人的集合名词，或以贬损的方式描述事物和Defertothepreferencesofthepersonorpeoplewithdisabilitiesyouaretalkingabout.Ifyoudonotknowthepreferencesofyouraudience,prefer"personwhoisdeaf/Deaf".deaf-mutePeoplecanexpressthemselvesthroughwriting,signlanguage,vocaldevicesandotherways.Generallypeoplewithhearinglosshavefunctioningvocalcords,so"mute"isinappropriateandoffensive.人们可以通过书写、手语、发声装置和其他方式来表达自己。一般来说，听力受损的人声带是正常的，所以“mute”这一说法是不恰当的。Defertothepreferencesofthepersonorpeoplewithdisabilitiesyouaretalkingabout.Ifyoudonotknowthepreferencesofyouraudience,prefer"personwhoisdeaf/Deaf","personwithahearingdisability","personwhousesadevicetocommunicate",etc.Accessibility&HealthTermNotesUseInsteaddeformedThiscanbeusedtodescribeobjects,butneverpeople.可以用来描述物体，但不能用来描述人RemoveandrewritedisabledpersonIngeneral,preferpeople-firstlanguageunlessthepeopleyouaretalkingaboutpreferotherwise.一般来说，除非你所谈论的人有特别的偏好，否则最好使用以人为本的语言。避免使用冒犯性语言personwithadisabilityfreakAvoidoffensivelanguage,evenasajoke.避免使用冒犯性的语言，即使是开玩笑。Removeandrewritehandi-capableAvoideuphemismswhenspeakingaboutdisability,asitcanbeperceivedascondescending,offensiveorawayofavoidingtalkingaboutdisability.Usepeople-firstlanguage.在谈论残疾时，应避免使用委婉语，因为这可能会被视为居高临下、冒犯或回避谈论残疾的一种方式。请采用“人本语言”来表达。personwithadisabilityhandicappedaccessible(whenspeakingaboutinfrastructure);withadisability(withspeakingaboutaperson)handicappedparking/bathroomAvoidusing"handicapped"torefertoaccessibleinfrastructure.避免使用“handicapped”来指代无障碍基础设施accessibleparking/bathroomThistermisoffensiveasitimpliesthemedicalconditionmakessomeoneresembleahare.具有冒犯性，因为它暗示了某种医疗状况使人看起来像一只兔子。Accessibility&HealthTermNotesUseInsteadAvoideuphemismswhenspeakingaboutdisability,asitcanbehardofhearing;personwithahearingdisabilityhearing-impairedperceivedascondescending,offensiveorawayofavoidingtalkingaboutdisability.Usepeople-firstlanguage.Theword“impaired”focuseshardofhearing;personwithahearingdisabilityhearing-impaired在谈论残疾时，避免使用委婉语，因为这可能被视为居高临下、冒犯或避免谈论残疾的方式。使用以人为本的语言。“impaired”这个词关注的是一个人不personwithadisabilityusescrutches;walkswithacaneWhenusedmetaphorically,removeandrewrite.Thiscanpersonwithadisabilityusescrutches;walkswithacaneWhenusedmetaphorically,removeandrewrite.Avoidoffensivelanguage,evenasajoke.Donotusethiswordtomean"boring"or"uncool.“避免使用冒犯性语言。不要用这个词来表示“boring”或“uncool”。Thistermhasnomedicalvalidityandiscontroversial.Ifnecessary,refertothetrimesterinwhichtheprocedureisoccurring.Removeandrewritelate-termabortionRemoveandrewrite终止妊娠）的时间点并没有一个全球统一、明确界定的“晚期”标准。如有必要，请提及手术发生的具体孕期。personlivingwithmentalillness;personwithmentalhealthconditionslunaticpersonlivingwithmentalillness;personwithmentalhealthconditionslunatic贬损性语言，会助长对精神疾病的负面态度和污名化。Accessibility&HealthTermNotesUseInsteadmaimedThisisaderogatorytermwhenappliedtopeople.这个词用于人时是贬义词RemoveandrewritePrefer“personwithmentalhealthconditions”unlessyouraudienceprefersotherwise.除非当事人另有偏好，否则请优先考虑使用"personwithmentalhealthconditions”personwithmentalhealthconditionmidget"Midget"isalwaysoffensive.Peoplewithdwarfismmayormaynotconsiderthemselvestohaveadisability.Usethetermtheypreferanddonotrefertotheirstatureunlessnecessary.带有冒犯性。患有侏儒症的人可能认为自己有残疾，也可能不这么认为。请使用他们喜欢的术语，除非必要，否则不要提及他们的身personwithdwarfism,littleperson虽然"littleperson"在某些情况下可能被误解为带有贬义，但在当今的语境中，它更多地被用作一种无冒犯性的、描述身高异常矮小个体的方式。特别是在关注残障人士权益和避免使用冒犯性语言的背景下，"littleperson"成为了比"midget"等旧有词汇更为合适的选择。mongoloidThisisaderogatorytermforpeoplewithDownsyndromeand这是对唐氏综合症患者的贬义词，应该杜绝使用。personwithDownsyndromeThingscanbemute(d),suchastrumpets.Peopleshouldneverbedescribedasmute.可以用来描述物品，不适合描述人Focusonhowthepersoncommunicates,whetherthat'ssignlanguage,usingadevice,orotherwise.Itisrecommendedtoaskthepersonhowtheywantyoutorefertotheirdisability.normalpersonThiscanimplythatpeoplewithdisabilitiesaretheabnormalexception.Use“normal”onlyinmedical/scientificcontextsuchas“normaltestresult”or“normalgrowth.”这可能暗示有残疾的人是异常的例外。仅在医学/科学背景下使用“normal”一词，如“normaltestresult”或“normalgrowth”personwithoutadisability;personwithoutvisibledisabilitiesAccessibility&HealthTermNotesUseInsteadpartial-birthabortionThistermhasnomedicalvalidityandiscontroversial.Refer,ifnecessary,to"dilationandextraction"procedures.该术语没有医学上的有效性，并且具有争议性。如有必要，请使用“dilationandextraction”手术来指代。RemoveandrewriteretardedAvoidoffensivelanguage,evenasajoke.具有冒犯性，应避免使用，即使是开玩笑。personwithanintellectualdisability;personwithalearningdisability;personwithmentalillness.shortbusAvoidableistlanguagetorefertoindividualeducationservices.避免使用带有歧视残障人士色彩的语言来指代个别教育服务。RemoveandrewritespecialneedsAvoideuphemismswhenspeakingaboutdisability,asitcanbeperceivedascondescending,offensiveorawayofavoidingtalkingaboutdisability.Usepeople-firstlanguage.在谈论残疾时，应避免使用委婉语，因为这可能会被视为居高临下、冒犯或回避谈论残疾的一种方式。请采用“人本语言”来表达。functionalneeds;supportforintellectualdisabilitiesspeciallyabledRemoveandrewritewheelchairboundAvoidpassivewordsthatpaintpeoplewithdisabilitiesasvictims.避免使用将残障人士描绘成受害者的消极词汇。wheelchairuser;personwhousesawheelchairsanitycheckThisisderogatorylanguagethatcontributestonegativeattitudesandstigmasurroundingmentalillness.贬损性语言，会导致对精神疾病的负面态度和污名化。quickcheckspirituality,Religion,Belief宗教信仰一直是跨文化交流中一个敏感且复杂的话题。主动学习和了解不同宗教、文化和族禁忌，对于促进相互理解和尊重至关重要。本章节列举了多个与宗教、信仰及族群相关的敏感词汇更中性、更尊重的替代词汇，提醒我们在沟通中应避免使用这些可能引发冒犯或不快的用语，从而•宗教信仰：“Bible-thumper”等词汇对信奉基督教的宗教人士具有贬损意味，建议使用“Chr•种族与族群：“Kaffir”在南非历史中是对非洲人的种族侮辱，应被完全避免。其他如“ragh•特定语境：“pow-wow”和“spiritanimal”等词汇应仅在•地域与文化差异：某些词汇的贬义性质在不同地域和文化背景下可能存在差异，如“Mullah”在印度对穆斯UseInsteadChristiansTermBible-thumperNotesThisisaUseInsteadChristiansTermBible-thumperNotesThisisaderogatorytermtorefertoreligiouspeoplewhofollowChristianity.贬义词，用于指代信奉基督教的宗教人士。Avoidusingaspecificreligiousholidaytoindicateatimeofyearorseasonalbreak,aseveryonedoesnotobservethesameholidays.避免使用特定的宗教节日来表示一年中的某个时间或季节性假期，因为并非每个人都会庆祝相同的节日。Thisisaderogatorytermtorefertosomeonewithoutareligiousaffiliation.贬义词，用来指代没有宗教信仰的人。ThisisaderogatorytermtorefertoJews.贬义词，用来指代犹太人。Thisisaderogatorytermtorefertosomeonewithoutareligiousaffiliation.贬义词，用来指代没有宗教信仰的人。ThisisaderogatorytermtorefertoMormonsthatdonotstrictlyobservereligiousdoctrine.贬义词，用来指代不严格遵守宗教教义的摩门教徒。ThisisaderogatorytermtorefertoJewishmen.贬低犹太男性的贬义词。Christmasholiday;merryChristmasheathenHeebyinfidelholidays;happyholidayspersonwithoutareligiousaffiliationRemoveandrewrite.personwithoutareligiousaffiliationRemoveandrewrite.Removeandrewrite.JackMormonjewboyspirituality,Religion,BeliefTermNotesUseInsteadThisisaderogatorytermforpeoplewithAfricandescent.RacialslurinSouthAfrica.在南非及其历史中，这个词被用作贬低和歧视非洲人的词语，与种族隔离制度和种族歧视紧密相连，被视为不恰当和不尊重的用语。Removeandrewrite.ThesearederogatorytermstorefertoJews.贬义词，用来指代犹太人。Removeandrewrite.InIndia,thisisareligiousslurforMuslim在印度，这是对穆斯林的宗教侮辱。Removeandrewrite.pow-wow;powwowThistermshouldonlybeusedintheappropriateIndigenouscontextorbyanIndigenousspeaker.这个词只能在适当的原住民语境中使用，或者由原住民使用。huddle;meeting;meetupragheadThisisaderogatorytermforArabs,IndianSikhs,etc.这是对阿拉伯人、印度锡克教徒等的贬义词。Removeandrewrite.spiritanimalThistermshouldonlybeusedintheappropriateIndigenouscontextorbyanIndigenousspeaker.这个词只应在适当的原住民语境中使用，或者由原住民使用。totempolehierarchyVoodooRemoveandrewrite.sexualorientation,GenderIdentity,GenderRelations性恋者、跨性别者等及其相关群体）的权益日益受到重视。在构建包容平等社会时，更新蕴含性别偏见•告别旧词：放弃如“dyke”等可能带有冒犯性的词汇，改用自我认同的积极表达，如“queer”（注意在正•尊重个人选择：当提及他人性取向时，尽量使用他们自我认同的词汇，或采用中性描述•自我肯定：对于跨性别者，避免使用“sexchange”等过时且可能引发误解的词汇，改用“gender-•非二元性别：拓展性别认同的边界，认识到性别不仅限于男女二元，可以使用“differentsex/gendersexualorientation,GenderIdentity,GenderTermNotesUseInsteadbimboThisisasexistterm.带有性别歧视的词。Removeandrewrite.businessman;businesswomanUsegender-neutralterms.建议使用性别中立的术语。business-person;executivechairman,chairwomanchair;chairpersonSometimesconsideredoffensive;canbereclaimedbytheindividual.Generally,donotuseunlessquotingsomeonewhoidentifiesassuch.可能被认为具有冒犯性，可以被个人重新定义。除非当事人自称，否Whendescribingpeople,usetheirlanguage,orreferto"membersoftheLGBTQIA+community."female-to-maletransgenderperson;transmangayTobeavoidedwhenusednegatively,tosaysomethingisbad,foolish,excessive,etc.Canbeusedasadescriptionofsexualorientation,especiallywhenself-identified.当用于负面含义，比如形容某物不好、愚蠢、过度等时，应避免使用。它可以作为性取向的描述，特别是当自我认同时。Removeandrewritewhenusedinapejorativesense.guysAvoidgenderednounsthatfavoronegenderovertheotherwhenspeakingtoamixedgroup,e.g."Higuys.“在与混合性别群体交谈时，避免使用带有性别偏见的名词，比如“Hieveryone;folks;people;teamssexualorientation,GenderIdentity,GenderRelationsTermNotesUseInsteadhermaphroditeThisisanoutdatedandderogatoryterm.过时且带有贬义。intersexperson;intersex(adj)homoThisispejorativetogaymen.对男同性恋者具有冒犯性。Removeandrewrite.homosexualThistermcanbeusedinaneutral,scientificcontext,especiallytodescribeabehavior(forexample,thehomosexualmatingpatternsofbonobos).Thistermshouldnotbeusedwhenreferringtopeople,unlesstheychoosethattermthemselves.Ingeneral,prefer"gay"orothermorespecificterm.这个词可以在中性、科学的语境中使用，特别是用来描述一种行为（例如，倭黑猩猩的同性恋交配模式）。但在指代人时，除非当事人自称，否则应避免使用。一般来说，更倾向于使用“gay”或其他更具体的术语。Whendescribingpeople,usetheirlanguage,orrefertocommunity."Thisisaderogatoryterm,traditionallyreferringtoatransgenderwomanofThaiethnicity.这个词带有贬义的色彩，传统上用来指代泰国裔的跨性别女性。Removeandrewrite.mailmanUsegender-neutraltermswheneverpossible,suchas"mailcarrier"or"postalworker.“尽可能使用性别中立的术语mailcarrier;postalworkermale-to-femaleSometimesconsideredoffensive;canbereclaimedbytheindividual.Generally,donotuseunlessquotingsomeonewhoidentifiesassuch.可能被认为具有冒犯性，可以被个人重新定义。除非当事人自称，否则不建议使用。transgenderperson;transwomansexualorientation,GenderIdentity,GenderRelationsTermNotesUseInsteadUsegender-neutralterms.建议使用性别中立的术语workhoursmanpowerstaff;employeesThisisaderogatorytermtorefertogayman.这个词带有贬义的色彩，用来指代男同性恋者。Removeandrewrite.normalDonotuseinrelationtogenderorientationorsexualidentity.不要在与性别取向或性身份相关的语境中使用。cisgender;straightoppositesexUsenon-binarylanguage.建议使用非二元性别语言。differentsex/genderqueerThistermshouldneverbeusedinadisparagingmanner.However,itcanbeusedwhereitdescribesanidentitytowhichanindividualwillinglyascribes.不能以贬义的方式使用。在描述个人自我认同的身份时可以使用。说明：在适当的语境下，这个词可以被用作正面的自我认同，但使用时需注意不会冒犯他人。salesman;saleswomanUsegender-neutralterms.建议使用性别中立的术语salesperson;salesassociatesexchangeThisisanoutdatedterm.Manytransgenderpeoplewhohavesurgeryseethemselvesasaffirmingtheirgender,notchangingit.这是一个过时的术语。许多接受手术的跨性别者认为自己是在肯定自己的性别，而transition;gender-affirmingcare;sexreassignmentTermNotesUseInsteadshe-maleUsegender-neutralterms.使用性别中立的术语。transgenderperson;transwomanspokesmanUsegender-neutraljobtitles.使用性别中立的职位名称。spokesperson;representativestewardessflightattendantsuperstraightThistermshouldneverbeused,asitwastheproductofonlineanti-LGBTQIA+discourse.避免使用这个词，它是网络上反LGBTQIA+言论的产物。Removeandrewrite.trannyThisisanoutdatedandoffensiveterm;use"transgender"insteadunlessthepersoninquestionidentifiesotherwise.这些是过时且具有冒犯性的术语，除非当事人自己认同，否则应使用“transgender”。transgenderperson;transpersontransexualtransgender(adj);transgenderperson;transpersontransgenderedtransgender(adj)tranvestitetransgenderperson;transpersonAge,Appearance,socioeconomicstatus•年龄不应成为定义个人能力的界限，外貌也不应成为评判价值的唯一标准，而社会经济地位更不应成为阻碍公平与尊重的壁垒。通过增进对这些议题的理解与敏感性，我们努力营造一个环境，让每个人都能•避免偏见与刻板印象•避免使用如“big-boned,chubby,plump”等对体型有贬损性的描述，以及“low-classpeople,thepoor”等对收入水平的贬低•年龄表述：用“olderadults,olderpersons”替代“theaged,theelderly”，以减少负面刻板印象•社会现象描述：避免使用“illegalalien,illegalimmigrant”，这些词汇对非公民居民具有贬损性•住房状况：将“ghetto,theprojects”替换为“low-incomehousing,low-incomeareas”•社会经济状况：在描述社会经济状况时，采用中性且准确的词汇，避免任何可能引发误解或偏见的表达•权力关系：在提及权力关系时，如非必要且非贬损性语境，避免使用“master”来暗示支配，改用其他更中性的词汇•资源与能力：在交流中，更多地关注个体或群体所拥有的资源和能力，而非其缺乏之处，以激发正面能量和积极行动Age,Appearance,socioeconomicstatusTermNotesUseInsteadbig-bonedThiseuphemismisgenerallytobeavoided.应避免使用。Removeandrewrite.childprostituteThislanguagesuggestschildrenhaveconsentinachoicetoengageinprostitution,whichtheydonot.这种表述暗示儿童在从事卖淫方面有同意权，而事实并非如此。childwhohasbeentraffickedchubbyThiseuphemismisgenerallytobeavoided.应避免使用。Removeandrewrite.convictAvoidthistermwhenreferringtoapersonwhois/wasincarceratedorhasbeenconvictedofacrime.在提及被监禁或定罪的人时，应避免使用此词。personwhois/wasincarcerateddropoutsInsteadofreferringtowhatpeoplelack,focusonwhattheyhave.Donotblameindividualsforsociodemographicobstacles.不要以人们缺乏什么来指代他们，而应关注他们所拥有的。不要将社会人口方面的peoplewithoutahighschooldiploma,or"peoplewhohadcompleted10thgrade"forinstance.FirstworldDonotusethistermtorefertonationsoftheworldthatareconsideredmoreeconomicallyandtechnologicallyadvanced.不要使用这个术语来指代世界上在经济和技术上被认为更发达的国家。developedcountriesgrandfatheredThistermshouldnotbeusedforhistoricalreasons,asitisderivedfrom"grandfatherclause"originatedinthe1890sasawaytodefythe15thAmendmentandpreventBlackAmericansfromvoting.出于历史原因，这个术语不应使用，因为它源自19世纪90年代的“祖父条款”，该条款用于抵制第15条修正案并阻止美国黑人投票。exempted;excused.NotesUseInsteadTermghettoThisisapejorativedescriptionofhousingstatus.这是对住房状况的一种贬义描述。low-incomeNotesUseInsteadTermghettoThisisapejorativedescriptionofhousingstatus.这是对住房状况的一种贬义描述。low-incomehousing;low-incomeareasUselanguagethatacknowledgescircumstancesorchallengesfaced.homelessperson在强调在描述某人或某群体时，应使用能够理解和尊重他们所面临的实际情况和挑战的语言。unhoused;personexperiencinghomelessnessorwithoutahomeillegalalien;alien；Dehumanizingtermstoreftoresidentswhoarenotcitizens.illegalimmigrant这些是对非公民居民的贬损性称呼。noncitizen;personlackingdocumentationpeoplewhoseincomesarebelowthefederalpovertythresholdprimary/subordinate;primary/secondaryThisisapejorativedescriptionofincomelevel.这是对收入水平的一种贬损性描述。Neveruse"master"toimplydominance;othercontextsof"master"maybeappropriate("mastersommelier").不要使用“master”来暗示支配；其他语境下的“master”可能是恰当的（如“mastersommelier”）。说明：这个词在历史和文化背景中，可能与奴隶制、殖民主义或其他形式的统治和压迫相关联。Thiseuphemismisgenerallytobeavoided.Avoidreferringtopovertyasanillnessorsocialill.避免将贫困描述为疾病或社会弊病。Thistermcanbereclaimedbytheindividual.这个术语可以被个人自行主张使用。low-classpeoplemaster/slaveplumppoverty-strickenprostitutepeoplewhoseincomesarebelowthefederalpovertythresholdsexworkerUseInsteadsecondarydevice;subordinatedeviceolderadults;olderpersonspeoplewhoseUseInsteadsecondarydevice;subordinatedeviceolderadults;olderpersonspeoplewhoseincomesarebelowthefederalpovertythresholdlow-incomehousing;low-incomeareasdevelopingcountries;emergingeconomiesFortheadjective,use"personlackingdocumentationorsomethingsimilar"instead.peoplewhoreceiveTANFbenefitsRemoveandrewrite.Termslavetheaged;theelderlythepoortheprojectsThirdworldNotesenslavement.这个术语在指称实际存在的人类奴役情况时是恰当的。Thistermevokesnegativestereotypesofolderadults.带有对老年人的负面刻板印象。Thisisapejorativedescriptionofincomelevel.这是对收入水平的贬损性描述Thisisapejorativedescriptionofhousingstatus.这是对住房状况的贬损性描述。Donotusethistermtorefertonationsoftheworldthatareconsideredlesseconomicallyortechnologicallyadvanced.不要使用此术语来指代世界上被认为在经济或技术上较不发达的国家。Donotuseasanadjective(asin"undocumentedimmigrant").Itcanbeusedasapredicate(i.e.,apersonisundocumented).不要用作形容词（如“undocumentedimmigrant”）。它可以作为谓语（即，“apersonisundocumented”）。DonotusetorefertothelowestoftheIndiancastes.不要用来指代印度种姓制度中的最低种姓。Thisisapejorativedescriptionofincomelevel.这是对收入水平的贬损性描述。Thistermisderogatorytowomen.这个术语对女性具有贬义。undocumenteduntouchablewelfarequeenwhoreEthnicity,Race,Nationality•本章节列举民族、种族与国家身份等术语的使用，特别强调这些术语的文化敏感性、历史背景以及潜在的文•“Black”和“African-American”在指代上存在细微差别，需考虑受众偏好。“Aryan”等词与种族主义意识形态相关联，应避免在非历史语境中使用。“Asianvirus”错误关联疫情与种族，违背事实且具偏见。“Blacklist”强化了负面•“Chinaman”、“Gypsy”等词存在贬损性，应避免•“Negro”、“Nigger”等词源于负面历史背景，应避免使用。“Slanteyes”、“SpadeEthnicity,Race,NationalityAboriginalAborigineForAustralia:"Aboriginals"or"Aborigines"aregenerallyconsideredtobeoutdatedterms,while"Aboriginal"aloneisnotinclusiveofthediversityofculturesandidentitiesacrossAustralia.Moreover,theterm"Aboriginalpeoples"isnotinclusiveofTorresStra对于澳大利亚而言，“Aboriginals”或“Aborigines”通常被认为是过时的术语，而仅使用“Aboriginal”一词则不包括澳大利亚各地文化和身份的多样性。此外“Aboriginalpeoples”一词也不包括托雷斯海峡岛民。建议使用“FirstNations”或“FirstPeoples”。在可能的情况下，使用更具体的群体、民族或部落名称。"FirstNations"or"Firstspecificgroup,peopleortribenamewheneverpossible.African-AmericanPrefer"Black,"butdefertotheaudience.BlackandAfricanAmericandonotnecessarilymeanthesamethingandindividualsmaynotidentifywithonetermortheother.NeveruseAfrican-AmericantorefertopeopleofcolorwhoarenotAmerican.推荐使用“Black”，但也要考虑受众的接受度。Black和AfricanAmerican不一定指同一类人，个人可能不认同其中一个或另一个术语。不要使用“African-American”来指代非美国的有色人种。AmericanAvoid,unlessthepersonorgroupusesthistermtoidentifythemselves.除非个人或群体使用此术语来表明自己的身份，否则应避免使用。NativeAmericanorFirstNations(Canada)anchorbaby;anchorchildPejorativetermtorefertoachildborntoanoncitizenmotherinacountrythatgrantsautomaticcitizenshiptochildrenbornonitssoil.Donotuse.贬义词，用于指代在一个国家出生即可自动获得公民身份的非公民母亲所生的孩子。RemoveandrewriteEthnicity,Race,NationalityAryanDuetoitsnegativeassociationswithsupremacistideologies,thistermshouldbeavoidedoutsideofhistoricalcontexts.由于该术语与种族主义意识形态有负面联系，因此在历史语境之外应避免使用。如果你需要在学术语境中提及这一历史人群，请使用“Indo-Iranian”。thehistoricalpeopleinanacademiccontext,use"Indo-Iranian."AsianvirusThistermwronglyequatestheCOVID-19pandemicwithAsiansandAsian-Americans.此术语错误地将COVID-19大流行与亚洲人和亚裔美国人等同起来。应使用“COVID-19”或“novelcoronavirus”COVID-19;novelcoronavirusblacklist;Perpetuatesthestereotypeof"black"beingassociatedwithnegativetraits.这个词使“black”与负面特征联系在一起，应避免使用。应改为“blocklist”或“disallowedlist”。blocklist;disallowedlistblackhat;blackhathackerPerpetuatesthestereotypeof"black"beingassociatedwithnegativetraits.强化了“black”与消极特质相关联的刻板印象。unethicalhackerBushmanThistermisoutdatedandnowconsideredderogatory这个词已经过时，现在被认为具有贬义。应使用“San”来指代这一族群。ThecollectiveethnicityCaucasianAvoidasasynonymforwhite,unlessusedindemographicdata.除非在人口统计数据中使用，否则应避免将其作为white的同义词。whitecakewalkBecauseofitsassociationwithslavery,thiswordshouldbeavoided.由于与奴隶制相关，这个词应该避免使用。RemoveandrewriteEthnicity,Race,Nationalitycorrectnationalidentity.ChinamanOftenappliedtoanyoneofAsianheritage.Derogatorytermtocorrectnationalidentity.ChinamanChinesewhispers;Chinesewhisperer"ChineseWhisperer"referstotheTelephonegame,whereplayersChinesewhispers;Chinesewhisperergameoftelephonephrasetothepersonnexttothemuntilitreachesthelastpersoninline.Itimpliesgameoftelephone这个术语指的是“传话游戏”，即玩家将一句话悄悄告诉下一个人，直到这句话传到队伍的最后一个人。这个词暗示了汉语难以理解或翻译。应改为“agameoftelephone”。Inuit(usedinCanada);AlaskaNative(termusedUSfederallawssince2016)AlthoughcommonlyusedinAlaskatorefertoInuitandYupikpeople,Inuit(usedinCanada);AlaskaNative(termusedUSfederallawssince2016)colonizers.虽然在阿拉斯加州通常用来指代因纽特人和尤皮克人，但在许多其他地方，这个词因被种族主义殖民者广泛使用而具有贬义。ThistermisculturallysensitiveandshouldnotbeusedunlessreferringtothegestapoRemoveandrewrite.Removeandrewrite.Removeandrewrite.GermaninternalsecuritygestapoRemoveandrewrite.Removeandrewrite.Removeandrewrite.这个词在文化上很敏感，除非是在指纳粹政权下的德国国内安全警察时用作历史概念，否gooffthereservationgringoThistermisderogatorygooffthereservationgringoThistermisderogatorytowhitepeoplefromaLatinAmericanperspective.这个词从拉丁美洲人的角度来看对白人有贬义。Ethnicity,Race,NationalitygypWhenusedasaverb"toshortchange"or"toswindle,"thiswordisderogatorytotheRomapeoplea