2021译林版高中英语选择性必修四Unit-3课文翻译

UNIT3CareersandskillsAlloccupationsareequal,withnodifferenceinstatusorworth.Anyonethatisbeneficialtothepublicispraiseworthy.—HuangYanpei职业平等，无高贵，无贵贱。苟有益于人群。皆是无上上品。——黄炎培Reading(p30-31)Worktolive,livetowork为了生活而工作,为了工作而生活Ifyouwereaskedthequestion.“Doyouworktoliveorlivetowork?”,whatwouldyouranswerbe?Somemightsaythatweworkbecausewehaveto,notleastbecauseweneedthesalarythatenablesustobefinanciallyindependent.Itiscertainlytruethatmostofusdojointhelabourforceonceourstudiesarecompleted.Indeed,itcouldbearguedthatoureducationgearedtowardspreparingusforalifeofwork.However,earninglivingisbynomeanstheonlyreasonwhywework—thereareotherimportantreasonsthatmotivateustoentertheworldofwork.如果有人问你“你是为了生活而工作还是为了工作而生活?”,你的答案会是什么?有人可能会说,我们工作是因为我们必须工作,尤其是因为我们需要薪水来实现经济状立。的确,我们中的大多数人一定成学业就加入了劳动大军。事实上,可以说,我们的教育是为了让我们为职业生涯做好准备。然而,谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因——还有其他重要的原因促使我们进入工作的世界。Throughtheworkwedo.ourgoalscanbeattainedandourdreamsachieved.Allofushavehaddreamsofonekindoranotherandworkoftenenablesustopursuethosedreams,HenryDavidThoreausaid,“...ifoneadvancesconfidentlyinthedirectionofhisdreams,andendeavorstolivethelifewhichhehasimagined,hewillmeetwithasuccessunexpectedincommonhours.”YangLiwei,forexample,drivenbyhispassionforflying,becameapilotandthenChina’sfirstastronautinspace.Whereverourinterestsmaylieandwhateverourcareerchoicesmightbe,workallowsustheopportunitytobeengagedinsomethingwearefondof,andconsequently,itcangiveusagreatsenseofachievementandsatisfaction.通过我们所做的工作,我们的目标可以达成,我们的梦想可以实现。我们每个人都有这样或那样的梦想,工作常常使我们能够追求那些梦想,亨利·戴维·梭罗曾说过:“······一个人若自信地朝他梦想的方向行进,努力过他设想的那种生活,那么他就会在平常的时刻与成功不期而遇。”以杨利伟为例,出于对飞行的热爱,他成了一名飞行员,然后成了中国第一位进入太空的航天员。无论我们的兴趣在哪里,无论我们的职业选择是什么,工作让我们有机会从事我们喜欢的事情,因此,它可以给我们一种巨大的成就感和满足感。Workcanalsohelpdevelopourskills,thusprovidingroomforpersonalgrowth.Whenwework,wemustpractiseourskillsconstantlyandcontinuouslyuntilweexcelinwhatwedo.Ourrapidlychangingworkplacemakesitnecessaryforustokeepupanddevelopnewskills.Twentyyearsago,positionsinsocialtechnologiesorenergyefficiencydidnotevenexist,anditisdifficulttoanticipatethenewpositionswhichwillemergetwentyyearsfromnow,However,itiscertainthatnoonecanaffordtobesatisfiedwiththestatusquo.Inordertobetteradaptourselvestonewcircumstances,wemustbereadyandwillingtoacquirenewskills.Thiscanaddtooursenseofachievementandourknowledgethatwearedevelopingasindividualswhilewemovealongourchosencareerpath.工作也可以帮助我们发展技能,从而为个人成长提供空间。当我们工作时,我们边须不断地练习我们的技能,直到我们在我们所做的事情中出类拔萃。我们瞬息万变的工作环境使我们有必要跟上并发展新的技能。二十年前,社会技术或能源效率方面的职位甚至还不存在,而且也难以预料二十年后将会出现的新职位。然而,可以肯定的是,没有人能够满足于现状。为了更好地造应新的环境,我们必须做好准备并愿意获得新的技能。这可以增加我们的成就感,并让我们知道,在我们选择的职业道路上,我们作为个人在发展。Notonlydoesworkbenefituspersonally,italsocontributestothehealthofsociety.Atthemostbasiclevel,differenttypesofjobsarelikegearsinamachine.Theyworktoensurethatthemachinewecall“society”functionsproperly.Inasuccessful,stableandproductivesociety,alljobsareequallyimportantandnooneissuperiortoanother,soweshouldnothaveprejudiceagainstanyofthem.Whetherwearescientists,lawyers,doctors,publicservants,consultants,clerks,receptionistsorbutchers,weallmakeourrespectivecontributions.Moreover,therearepeoplewhochoosetostepoutoftheircomfortzoneandcommitthemselvestoworkingforthebenefitofothers.Forexample,teachersinremoteruralareasaredevotedtochangingthelivesofthepeoplewithlessaccesstotheadvantagesenjoyedbymanyothers.Inthisway,weworktoadvanceourcommunitiesandbringsuccesstoournation.工作不仅使我们个人受益,而且有益于社会的健康。在最基本的层面上,不同类型的工作就像机器上的齿轮。它们的作用是确保我们称之为“社会”的机器正常运特。在一个成功、稳定而有成效的社会里,所有的工作都同等重要,没有哪一份工作优于别的工作,因此我们对任何一份工作都不应该抱有偏见。无论我们是科学家。律师、医生、公务员、顾问、职员、接待员还是居夫,我们都做出了各自的贡献。此外,有些人选择走出自己的舒适区,致力于为他人的利益而工作。例如,偏远农村地区的教师致力于改变人们的生活,因为他们很少能享受到其他许多人所享有的好处。通过这种方式,我们努力推进我们的社区,为我们的国家带来成功。Whereverlifetakesusandwhateverchoicesarelaidoutbeforeus,somethingworthrememberingisthatourwork,whendonewell,willnotonlyhelpusmakealivingbutalsohelpmakealifeforourselvesandforothers.Wecantakeprideintheknowledgethathardworkisessentialforourindividualwell-beingaswellasforthebenefitofoursocietyasawhole.无论生活把我们带到哪里,无论摆在我们面前的选择是什么,值得记住的是,当我们的工作做得好时,它不仅会帮助我们谋生,还会帮助自己和他人创造生活,我们可以自豪地认识到,努力工作对我们个人的福社以及整个社会的利益都是必不可少的。Grammarandusage(p34)Asyoustarttomakeplansforwhatyouwanttodowithyourfuture,youmightaskaquestionwhetheryoushouldstartyourownbusiness.Youmayhaveabrilliantidea,butbeforeyoudecidetoputitintoaction,itiswisetoweighuptheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisoption.当你开始为你未来想做什么做打算时,你可能会问一个问题:是否应该自己创业?也许你有一个很棒的想法,但在你决定付诸行动之前,权衡一下这个选择的利弊走明智之举。Therearemanyadvantagesofrunningyourownbusiness.Itcanbeasourceofpersonalgrowth,sinceyouneedtolearnalotofskillsinordertobecomeasuccessfulbusinessowner,Forexample,youshouldlearntosharpenyourleadershipskillsandmotivateyouremployees,ortodevelopyourfinancialmanagementskillsandkeeptrackofallyourreceiptsandpayments.Anotheradvantageisthatyouwillbeabletobetterprovideforyourselfandyourfamily,oreventheeconomywillbenefitifyouachievecommercialsuccess.Itisnosurprisethatbeingone’sownbossisappealingtomanypeople.经营自己的企业有很多好处,它可以成为个人成长的源泉,因为你需要学习很多技能才能成为一个成功的企业主。例如,你应该学习提高你的领导能力和激励你的员工,或者发展你的财务管理技能和跟踪你所有的收支。另一个好处是,你将能够更好地养活自己和家人,如果你取得商业上的或功,经济甚至也会受益。自己当老板对很多人都有吸引力,这并不奇怪。However,therearedisadvantagestoo.Foronething,runningyourownbusinessmeansdealingwithdemandingworkschedules.Youmayhavetoworklonghours,orevenworkaroundtheclock.Foranother,beingabusinessownercomeswithgreatresponsibilities.Forinstance,youwillhavetoworkoutweekly,monthlyandyearlybudgets.andawrongdecisionmightcostthecompanyagreatdealandputotherpeople’sjobsontheline.Also,youwillneedtomakesureanyloansyouhavearerepaidontime.Therefore,whenitcomestostartingabusinessonyourown,thinktwicebeforeyouact!然而,也有不利方面。首先,经营自己的企业意味着要处理繁重的工作日程。你可能要长时间工作,甚至夜以继日地工作,另一方面,作为一个企业主你需要承担很大的责任。例如,你将必须制订每周、每月和每年的预算,一个错误的决定可能使公司蒙受巨大损失,而且可能让他人工作不保。此外,你还需要确保所有的贷款都能按时偿还。因此,说到自己创业,要三思而后行!Integratedskills(p37)Planningmycareerinfashiondesign规划我的时装设计职业生涯AttheschoolArtFestival.Iwasaskedtodesignthecostumesforthreeschoolplays,whichmanyofmyclassmatesandteachersthoughtwereniceandnovel.Everyonewasamazedtoseetheactorswearmycostumesonstage.ThisexperiencehasmademerealizethatIamreallygoodatdrawingandhavegreattalentforfashiondesign,andhasinspiredmetopursuefashiondesignasmycareer.Thatway,Icancombineworkwithmyinterestsandstrengths.在学校艺术节上,我被要求为三部学校戏剧设计服装,我的很多同学和老师都认为这些服装非常新颖。看到演员们穿着我设计的服装上台表演,每个人都很惊讶。这段经历让我意识到自己很擅长绘画,在时装设计方面很有天赋,也激励我去追求时装设计作为我的职业。这样,我就可以把工作与我的兴趣和优势结合起来。Tofindouthowtogetintothefieldoffashiondesign,IdidsomeresearchaboutwhatkindofeducationandskillsImightneed.IfoundoutthatmanypremierfashiondesignersstudiedatartinstitutesinLondon,ParisorMilan.Ialsolookedupjobadsforthefashionindustrytoseewhatabilitiesorqualitiesdesignersshouldhave.Forexample,theymusthaveagoodsenseofcolourandproportion,befamiliarwithvariousfabricssuchascotton,woolandman-madefibres,beabletorecognizestylesandtrends,andbecreative.为了弄清楚如何进入时装设计领域,我做了一些关于我可能需要什么样的教育和技能的研究。我发现很多顶级时装设计师都在伦敦、巴黎或米兰的艺术学院学习。我还查了时装行业的招聘广告,看看设计师应该具备什么样的能力或素质。例如,他们必须对颜色和比例有很好的感觉,熟悉棉、毛和人造纤维等各种面料,能够识别款式和趋势,并具有创造力。Aftermuchthought,Idecidedtodeveloptheseskillsandgettherightqualificationsbystudyingartatuniversity.WhileIamthere,Iwouldliketoworkpart-timeforafashiondesigncompanyinordertolearnfromprofessionaldesigners—moreisbetterwhenitcomestoworkexperience.IamalsothinkingabouttryingmyhandatCAD,whichisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinthefashionindustry.Actually,IdonothavetowaituntilIgotouniversitytoswingintoactionastherewillbeaworkshopinmycitynextmonth,whichIamhopingtoattend.经过深思熟虑,我决定通过在大学学习艺术来培养这些技能并获得合适的资格。当我上大学的时候,我想去一家时装设计公司做兼职,以便向职业设计师学习——工作经验越多越好。我也在考虑尝试一下计算机辅助设计,它在时装界越来流行。事实上,我不必等到我上了大学才开始行动,因为下个月我所在的城市将有一个研讨会,我希望能参加。Aftergraduation,Iwillseekajobasafashiondesigner.Oneday.Ihopetostartmyownclothingcompany.Clotheswithdesignerlabelsinshopsaregenerallythoughttobetooexpensive.Iwanttodesignfashionableclothesthatordinarypeoplecanafford.Hopefully,allofmyplanningandpreparationwillleadtoagreatcareerinfashiondesign.毕业后,我要找一份时装设计师的工作。有一天,我希望能创办自己的服装公司。人们普遍认为商店里的名牌服装太贵。我想设计出普通人能买得起的时尚服装。希望我所有的计划和准备能让我在时装设计领域有一个伟大的职业生涯。Extendedreading(p39-40)Tipsforjobinterviews求职面试小贴士Goodmorning,everyone.TodayI’llbetalkingaboutwhattodoifyou’reaskedtogoforajobinterview.Theoddsarethatyou’veneverbeenacandidateforaparticularjobbefore,butmyadvicewillhelpyougaintheupperhandasyousetoffandstepintotheworldofemployment.大家早上好。今天我要讲的是,如果你被要求去参加求职面试,应该做些什么。很可能你以前从未成为某份特殊工作的候选人,但我的建议会帮助你在出发并路上就业之路时占得上风。Beforewegoanyfurther,it’simportanttounderstandthepurposeofaninterview.Aninterviewisaconversationbetweenanemployerandapotentialemployee.whichallowstheinterviewertoassessthejobapplicanttoseeifheorsheissuitablefortheposition.Meanwhile,itprovidesanopportunityfortheapplicanttolearnmoreaboutthejobandthecompany,andtodiscoverwhetherthisjobisrightforhimorher.在我们进一步讨论之前,了解面试的目的很重要。面试是雇主和潜在雇员之间的对话,它使面试官可以评估求职者是否适合这个职位。同时,它为求职者提供了一个机会去更多地了解这份工作和这个公司,并发现这份工作是否适合他或她。Priortotheinterview,ensureyoumakegoodpreparations.Findoutaboutthecompanyandthepostyouareinterviewingforthroughthecompanyprofile.Thisinformationwillgiveyouagoodbasisforwhatcriteriaareusedforselectingcandidates.Listyourstrengthsandskillsetthatwillhelpthecompanyachieveitsgoals.It’sequallyimportanttoanalyseyourweaknessesandhaveaplaninmindtoshowhowyouintendtoovercomethem.在面试前,确保做好充分准备。通过公司简介了解该公司和你要应聘的职位。这些信息将会告诉你他们选择候选人的标准是什么。列出有助于公司实现目标的优势和技能。同样重要的是要分析你的弱点,开制订计划来表明你打算如何克服它们。Onceyou’vedoneyourhomeworkaboutthecompanyandtheposition,makealistofquestionsthatcouldbeaskedduringtheinterviewandthinkabouthowtobestanswerthem.Betteryet,dopracticeinterviewswithafriend.Youcanfilmtheinterviewstoreviewyourperformance.Payattentiontoyourvoiceandbodylanguage.Practicemakesperfect.Keepatituntilyoucanconciselyandconfidentlypresentyourbestself.针对公司和职位做足功课之后列出在面试中可能会被问到的问题,并想想如何给出最佳答案。最好和朋友一起练习面试。你可以把面试录下来以回顾你的表现,注意你的声音和肢体语言。熟能生巧。坚持下去,直到你能简明而自信地展示最好的自己。Preparetomakeagoodfirstimpression.Dressappropriatelyforyourinterviewandgentlemen,besuretohaveagoodshave.Getagoodnight’srestsothatyoufeelandlookrefreshed.Checktheaddressoftheinterview.decidewhatmodeoftransporttouseandallowextratimefortrafficdelays.Remember,beanearlybirdandarriveatleasthalfanhourbeforeyourconfirmedinterviewtime.准备好留下良好的第一印象。面试时穿着得体,先生们,一定要好好刮胡子。好好休息一晚,这样你就会感觉并且看起来精神焕发。核实面试地点,决定使用哪种交通方式,并为交通延误留出额外的时间。记住,要早起,至少在你确定的面试时间前半小时到达。Forthedurationoftheinterview,listencarefullytothequestions,andifyouneedclarification,itisnotrudetosayso.Whenanswering,trytofindtherightconversationalbalancebygivingalltheinformationaninterviewerneedstogetacompletepictureofyouwithouttalkingtoomuch.Justifyyourselfwithrelevantexamplesfromyourpersonalexperienceandbespecificaboutyourachievements.However,you’llalsoneedtopayattentiontotheinterviewer’sresponsestodeterminewhethertoprovidemoredetailsornot.在面试的过程中,仔细听问题,如果你需要说明,那么这样说并不粗鲁。在回答的时候,通过提供面试官所需的所有信息来努力找到适当的对话平衡,以便在不说太多的情况下让他们全面了解你。从自己的个人经历中找出相关事例来解释,并且具体说说自己取得的成绩。不过,你也要注意面试官的回答,以确定是否提供更多的细节。Theinterviewercaninferalotfromyourbodylanguage.Positivebodylanguageconveystheimpressionthatyouareconfidentandrelaxed.Sostartwithafirmhandshakeandagenuinesmilewhengreetingtheinterviewer.Whilespeaking,makeconstanteyecontactbutdonotstarefixedlyattheinterviewer.Keepyour