VW 01103-2005 抗阻力凸起式焊接：设计计算过程可靠性

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Klass.-Nr./Class.No.04815 March2005

ResistanceProjectionWelding

Design,Calculation,ProcessAssurance

VW01103

Konzernnorm

Descriptors: projectionwelding,resistanceprojectionwelding,welding,weldprojection,roundprojection,ringprojection,longprojection

Contents

Page

Scope 2

Procedure 2

Basicprinciplesofprojectionwelding 2

Definitions 2

Heat-affectedzone(HAZ) 2

Unaffectedbasematerial 2

Requirements 3

Materials(weldingsuitability) 4

Estimationoftheweldingparameters 4

Microstructure/hardness 5

Weldabilityforservice(designnotes) 6

Weldingcapability(manufacturing) 7

Dimensionsofembossedprojections 7

Relationshipbetweensheetthicknessandprojectiondiameter 8

Locationofprojectiondesignations 8

Weldingequipment 9

Calculationofthenumberofprojections 10

Processreliability/qualityassurance 10

Nuggetpenetrationdepthf 10

NuggetdiameterdL 11

WeldpointdiameterdP 12

Shearfractureatthetransitiontothesheet 13

Forcedfracture 13

Mixedfracture 14

Gapsize 15

Markingsonthecountersheet 15

Overallevaluation 15

Drawingentries 17

Referencedstandards 18

Changes

ThefollowingchangeshavebeenmadeascomparedtoVW01103:2003-10:

Section3.1.1:Notesexpanded

Section3.3.2:NotesunderTable3added

Section4,5,5.2and6expanded,Section5.1added

Referencedstandardsupdated

Page1of20

Fachverantwortung/Responsibility

Normung/Standards(EZTD,1733)

K-QS-32/1 Dr.Witt Tel.:73623

Dr.Eisenberg

Fischer Tel.:+49-5361-9-27995

Sobanski

FormFE41-01.05

Confidential.Allrightsreserved.NopartofthisdocumentmaybetransmittedorreproducedwithoutpriorpermissionofaStandardsDepartmentoftheVolkswagenGroup.

PartiestoacontractcanonlyobtainthisstandardviatheB2Bsupplierplatform“

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VW01103:2005-03

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VW01103:2005-03

Previousissues

1968-08;1970-04;1971-04;1974-03;2003-10

Scope

Thisstandardisusedforthedesign,calculationandworkmanshipofstaticallyanddynamicallystressedprojectionweldedsheetsteelstructuresandstructureswithauxiliaryparts.

Themethodisreferredtoas"projectionwelding"below.

Thescopeofthisstandardincludes(resistance)projectionwelding(codenumber23accordingtoDINENISO4063)onsingle-shearprojectionweldedjointsandqualitycharacteristicsforprocessassuranceofsingle-projectionandmultiple-projectionweldedjoints.

Thefollowingbasicregulationsarebasedonexperiencewithlowtohighdegreesofmechanizationandontestresults,aswellasonindustrialstandardsandtechnicalregulations,e.g.DVS2905.

Procedure

Basicprinciplesofprojectionwelding

Projectionweldingisaresistancepressureweldingmethodwherelargeelectrodesareusedtojointwocomponentsthroughtheapplicationofelectricalcurrentandforce.Oneofthetwopartsgenerallyincludesaprojection.Thisprojectionresultsinthecurrentbeingconcentratedatthejoint.Theprojectionsarepartiallyreshapedduringweldingasaresultoftheforceexertedbytheelectrodesandtheheatgeneratedbytheelectricalcurrent,producingnon-removableconnectionsatthepointsofcontactintheformofameltedareainthejoiningplane,theso-calledweldnugget.Aroundtheweldnuggetisaheat-affectedzone.Thisconnectionisreferredtoasaprojectionweldedjoint.

Oneormoreprojectionscanbeweldedatthesametimeinasingleprocessingstepifthedesignandperformanceoftheweldingequipmentallowthis.

Definitions

Heat-affectedzone(HAZ)

Basematerialindirectproximitytothejointthatundergoesamicrostructuralchangeasaresultofthethermalenergyappliedduringprojectionwelding.

Unaffectedbasematerial

Areaofthebasematerialthatexperiencednoevidentmicrostructuralchangesasaresultoftheenergyappliedduringprojectionwelding.

Requirements

Toachievethegreatestpossibledesignstrengthinaccordancewiththedesigngoalwhileensuringsufficientreliabilityandafavorablecost/qualityratio,everyprojectionweldingdesignmustbeappropriateforwelding.Thedimensionsintheprojectionweldingequipmentandtheelectrodespacerequirement,waswellasaccessibilitytotheworkpiecemustalreadybetakenintoconsiderationduringadvanceengineering.

Theweldabilitydependsonthreeinfluencevariables

Weldingsuitability(material)

Weldabilityforservice(design)

Weldingcapability(manufacturing)

Allthreecriteriaareofequalpriorityforweldability,seeFigure1.

Figure1–SchematicrepresentationoftheweldabilityofspotweldjointsbasedonDIN8528-1

Materials(weldingsuitability)

Weldingsuitabilityisamaterialproperty.Itispresentifaprojectionweldedjointthatmeetstherequirementssetaccordingtothestandardscanbeproducedbecauseofthechemicalcomposition.

Estimationoftheweldingparameters

Forafirstestimationoftheweldingparametersofajoiningtask,itisrecommendedthataweldingrangediagram(time/currentdiagram)beprepared,inwhichthelimitlinefortheminimumfusedjointornugget(spot)diameterisdeterminedforaconstantelectrodeforce,Figure2.

Weldtimet[periods]

WeldingcurrentI[kA]

Figure2-Basiccourseofaweldingrangeforprojectionwelding

Explanationforthecourseintheweldingrangediagram:

Duringresistancespotweldingoftwoormoresheets,thefayingsurfaceintherespectivejoiningplaneremainsalmostconstantthroughouttheentireweldingprocess.

Whenpreparingaweldingrangediagram(time/currentdiagram),theweldingcurrentthereforemustbeslightlyreducediftheweldingtimesareincreasedwhendeterminingthe3.5tlimitlinesoastosatisfytheminimumrequirementforthenuggetdiameter(3.5tlimit).

Thecourseofthe3.5tlimitlineisnegativeinthiscase(course:frombottomrighttotopleft);seealsoDINENISO14327.

Thesituationisdifferentwithresistanceprojectionwelding.

Whenapart(e.g.sheet)withaprojectionandacountersheetareresistanceprojectionwelded,thefayingsurfaceincreasesbyamultipleduringtheweldingprocess.

Thefayingareabetweentheprojectionandthecountersheetissmallatthestartoftheweldingprocess.Iftheweldingtimeisextended,theprojectionsinksdeeperintothecountersheetandthefayingsurfacebetweentheprojectionandthecountersheetincreasesinsizemanytimesover.Iftheweldingtimeisextended,theweldingcurrentmustalsobeincreasedinordertosatisfytheminimumrequirementforthefusedjointorthe3.5tlimitlineforthenuggetdiameter.Thecourseofthelimitlineispositiveinthiscase(possiblecourse:frombottomlefttotopright).

Whenweldingonlyoneprojection,theweldingcurrentmustbeoptimizedincombinationwiththeweldingforceandweldingcurrenttimesothattherequirednuggetdiametercanbeachieved,forexample.

Whenweldingmultipleprojections,theelectrodeforceandweldingcurrentmustbeincreasedinaccordancewiththenumberofprojectionstobewelded.

NOTE:Inpracticeitisobviousthatpartialcurrentsofdifferentintensitiesmaybegenerated,whichleadtoweldspatters,duetodesign-andsystem-specificconditions(toleranceofprojectionheightsandelectrodes,typeofweldingsystem,etc.).Toavoidthis,itisrecommendedtoreducetheweldingcurrentby30–40%andtoweldwithacurrentincrease(2periods)andafollow-updevice.Theappropriateparametersshallbedeterminedintrials.

Microstructure/hardness

Thechemicalcompositionbasicallyinfluencesthemicrostructure,hardening,nuggetformationandstrengthoftheprojectionweldedjoint.

Thelessthematerial-relatedfactorshavetobeconsideredinmanufacturingandindesign,thegreatertheweldingsuitabilityofamaterialwithinamaterialgroup.

AllsteelswithaCcontentupto0.25%(max.0.3%)aresuitableforwelding.Inmanycases,thecarbonequivalentvalue(CEV)isusedfordeterminingtheweldingsuitability(hardening)ofunalloyedandlow-alloyedsteels.

AccordingtoDVS2905,thefollowingequationisvalidforafirstestimateofthehardeningoftheweldmetal:

CEV=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Cu+Ni)/15in%

Thehardnessvaluesinthenuggetareaincreaseintandemwiththecarbonequivalentvalue.Thehardeningtendencyismainlyinfluencedbythefollowingfactors:

thechemicalcompositionofthesteel

theweldingconditionsselectedonthebasisofthesheetcombinationsandtherelatedcoolingtimes

thedesignsituationsuchasthemassofthecomponentsandheatconduction

However,highhardnessvaluesalonearenotanindicationthattheload-bearingperformanceofajointwillbeimpaired.Table1providesinformationonhardening(hardnessvaluesofthebasematerialincomparisonwiththehardnessvaluesoftheweldnugget).

Table1–Tableofstandardvalues(accordingtoDVS2905)

BasematerialHV1

WeldnuggetHV1

<120

<350

>120 200

<450

>200 300

<550

>300

<600

Thevaluescontainedinthistableapplyexclusivelytounalloyedandlow-alloysteelsinoriginal(unshaped)state.Thehardnessvaluescanbereducedthroughtheuseofsuitableheatcontrolwhenwelding,forexampleacurrentprogramforreheating.

Weldabilityforservice(designnotes)

Theprojectionweldedjointisaconnectionoftwopartsdirectlyattheweldjointbyoneormoreweldprojections.ThepartsinvolvedaredesignatedondrawingsasanASSY(weldedassembly)orWGR(weldinggroup).

Figure3toFigure9showexamplesofdifferentprojectionshapes(notyetweldedon):

Figure3–Circularprojectionsformedbyanon-machiningoperation

Figure5–Roundprojectionsformedbyanon-machiningoperation

Figure7–Ringprojectionsformedbyamachiningoperation

Figure9–Naturalprojections

Figure4–Longprojectionsformedbyanon-machiningoperation

Figure6–Roundprojectionsformedbyamachiningoperation

Figure8–Cutprojections

Weldingcapability(manufacturing)

Dimensionsofembossedprojections

Table2,Figure10andFigure11showdimensionsforembossedprojectionsaccordingtoDINEN28167.

d1

a

d2

1.6

0.4

0.5

2.0

0.5

0.63

2.5

0.63

0.8

3.2

0.8

1.0

4.0

1.0

1.25

5.0

1.25

1.6

6.3

1.6

2.0

8.0

2.0

2.5

10.0

2.5

3.2

Table2–Dimensionsforembossedprojectionsupto3.0mm

Figure10–Projectionforresistancewelding

Figure11–Transversemicrosectionthroughanembossedprojection

SeeAppendixAforinformationonprojectionsusedatVolkswagen.

Relationshipbetweensheetthicknessandprojectiondiameter

Itisrecommendedthatthefollowingthreegroupsofprojectiondiameters(seeTable3)beacceptedaccordingtothesheetthicknessesforthedifferentapplicationsandtherequiredstrength(whichisdeterminedbytheseamstrengthandthematerialproperties):

GroupA:Containsprojectionswithsmalldimensionsfortightspacesorminorembossing.

GroupB:Projectionsforstandardapplications,whichnormallyrequiremorespaceandgreaterembossingthanthoseofgroupA.

GroupC:Projectionswithlargedimensionsforincreasedstrengthrequirementswherethespacerequirementorshaperestricttheapplicationortheuseofmultiplespots;normallyusedwithhigh-strengthsteels.

Table3–Projectiondiametergroups(accordingtoDINEN28167)

Sheetthicknesst

Projectiondiameterd1

GroupA

GroupB

GroupC

t0.5

1.6

2

2.5

0.5<t0.63

2

2.5

3.2

0.63<t1

2.5

3.2

4

1 <t1.6

3.2

4

5

1.6<t2.5

4

5

6.3

2.5<t3

5

6.3

8

NOTE:Thethicknessofthecountersheetmustalsobeconsideredwhenselectingthegroup.GroupAshallbeselectedforthincountersheets,GroupCforthickcountersheets.

Locationofprojectiondesignations

Thefollowingdefinitionsapplytothecorrectarrangementoftheprojectionsontheworkpiecefromadesignandmanufacturingpointofview,Figure12:

t

SheetthicknesstOverlapb

EdgedistanceaEdgedistancevProjectiondistancee1Rowdistancee2OffsetX

Figure12–Designationsforprojectionarrangement

Sheetthicknesst

Whenspecifyingthethicknessofthepartstobejoined,adistinctionmustbemadebetweenthesheetthicknesst(DINEN22553"workpiecethickness")andtheoverallsheetthickness(specifiedasthesumoftheindividualsheetthicknesses).

Specificationsinworkinstructionsaregenerallyassumedtobetheindividualsheetthickness;inthecaseofdifferentsheetthicknesses,thespecificationisassumedtobeforthethinnersheet.Theprojectionisgenerallyembossedintothethickersheet.

Overlapb

Theoverlapbismeasuredasthewidthofthecontactareanormaltooneedgeoftheoverlappingsections.

Edgedistancea

Theedgedistanceaisthedistancebetweenthecenteroftheprojectionandthenearestedgeofthesheetwithoutprojections.

Edgedistancev

Theedgedistancevisthedistancebetweenthecenteroftheprojectionandthenearestedgeofthesheetwithprojections.

Projectiondistancee1

Theprojectiondistancee1isthecentredistancebetweentwoadjacentweldprojections.

Rowdistancee2

Withseveralrowsofprojections,therowdistancee2isthedistancebetweenadjacentrows,referredtothecentresoftheprojections.

Offsetx

Theoffsetxisthelateralshiftinprojectionrowswiththesameprojectiondistanceandrowdistance.

Weldingequipment

InformationonweldingequipmentcanbefoundinspecificationDVS2907.

Ifthemainsloadsaregoingtobehigh,itisrecommendedthatmachinesbepreparedforathree-phaseconnection(directcurrent,rectifier,inverter).

Specialattentionmustalsobepaidtothefollow-upbehavioroftheelectrodeheadsincetheheadmustfollowtheweldprojectionandcontinuetomaintaintheforceastheweldprojectionundergoesarapidcollapse.

Heavyspatteringcanoccurinsystemsthataretoosluggish,forexamplebecauseofexcessiveweightand/orfriction.

MachinesbasedonaC-framedesign

MachineswithaC-framedesignarewidelyusedbecauseoftheeasyaccessibilityoftheweldingtool.Itmusthoweverbenotedthatthisdesignhasastrongtendencyto"bendupward",whichmeansthattheforceandcurrentdistributionwhenweldingmultipleprojectionswillbeuneven.Itmayneedoptimizationthroughtheuseofasuitabletoolcircuitandcurrentcontrolsystem.

Machinesbasedonaportaldesign

Machineswithaportaldesignhavetheadvantagewithregardtorigidityandhenceofferevenforcedistribution,whichhasapositiveeffectonthequalityofthejoint.

Calculationofthenumberofprojections

SeeVW01105-1.

Forthecalculationofadequatestrength,itmustbeconsideredthatthespecificationsforthenuggetdiameterdifferinresistancespotweldingandresistanceprojectionwelding.

Inprojectionwelding,thenuggetdiameterdependsontheselectedprojectiondiameter(seeSection3.3.2): dnugget=d1

Inspotwelding,thenuggetdiameterpredominantlydependsonthesheetthickness:dL=3.5xt

Processreliability/qualityassurance

Eachprojectionweldedjointischaracterizedbythesumofitscharacteristicvaluesandtheirmanufacturinginfluences,whichareevaluatedaccordingtothequalityrequirementusingmeasurableand/orcountablevaluesastestcharacteristics.

ThemeasurablevaluesaccordingtowhichthequalityofanindividualprojectionweldedjointisevaluatedarethetolerancevaluesoftheindividualtestcharacteristicsofthespotweldgeometryinrelationtoevaluationgroupBanalogoustoDINENISO5817.

Thecountablevalueaccordingtowhichthequalityofamultipleprojectionweldedjointisevaluatedisthetestcharacteristic"numberofweldprojections"inthecaseofroundprojections.

Thetestsequenceforstandardproductionmonitoringandthetestmethods(e.g.chiseltest,microsection)shallbecarriedoutbasedonTestSpecificationsPV6702andPV6717,takingintoaccountthespecificationsforresistanceprojectionwelding.

Thequalityofthejointisverifiedbycheckingthenuggetandspotdiametersanddeterminingthesheartensionforceorthetorqueorcrosstensionforces.

Thenuggetandspotdiametersandtheweldzoneareaaredeterminedinadestructivetest.Thenuggetdiameterismeasuredusingatransversemicrosectionandthespotorslugdiameterisdeterminedbymeansofchiseltesting,forexample.

TheforcesaredeterminedaccordingtotheinformationinTestSpecifications.

Aqualityevaluationoftheprojectionweldingprocessrequiresanoverallevaluationtobeperformedwhenfirstdefiningtheweldingparameters.Thisinvolvesevaluatingthenuggetandslugdiametersinadestructivetestand,ifapplicable,checkingfurtherspecifications(e.g.shearingforces,crosstensionforcesortorques).

Nuggetpenetrationdepthf

Theweldnuggetsarenormallysymmetrical.Ifthereareanyasymmetricalweldnuggets(sheetthickness/materialinfluence,etc.),theweldedjointissufficientonceacontinuousfused-closedjointwithameasurablepenetrationdepthoff=0.2mmiscreatedbetweenthesheetsinvolved.

Permissiblepenetrationdepthsf=0.2mmshallbeindicatedinthedrawingorspecifiedinacomponent-specifictestspecification.

Theweldqualityand/orstrengthmustbeverifiedbymeansofadynamicstrengthtestandamicroscopicexamination.

NuggetdiameterdL

ThenuggetdiameterdListhediameteroftheareainthejoiningplane(verticaltothejointplane)oftheworkpiecepartsthatwasmoltenduringtheweldingprocessandisdistinguishedfromthetwobasematerialsbyitsdifferent(own)microstructure,Figure13andFigure14.

Figure13–Projectionweldwiththebeginningsofaweldnugget

Figure14–Projectionweldwithdistinctweldnugget

Ifthereisnoweldnuggetdiscernibleinthetransversemicrosection,thenthediameterofthecontinuousfusedjointthroughtheentireprojectioncaninsteadbeusedastheminimumrequirementforanacceptableweld,Figure15.Noseparatinglineshallbevisible.Ifthenuggetdiameterissmallerthanthespecification,thisshallbeagreedwiththeDesigndepartmentandthevalueshallbeenteredinthedrawing.

Figure15–Projectionweldwiththebeginningsofacontinuousfusedjointinthejoiningplane

Thecontinuousfusedjointshallbedetectedusingmicrosectionsenlargedto>100:1.

Ifthetransversemicrosectionshowssignsofringwelding(nofusioninthecore),theprojectionweldinquestionshallbeconsideredunacceptable.

Figure16showsajointwithoutcontinuousfusedjoint.

Figure16–Projectionweldwithareaswithoutbond(inthecore)

MeasurementofthenuggetdiameterdLandevaluationoftheweldnuggetforwelddefectsarecarriedoutusingmetallographictesting(macrosection).

ThenuggetdiameterdLorthediameterofthecontinuousfusedjointshallreachatleastthesizeoftheunweldedprojectiondiameterd1,unlessotherwisespecified.

Thenuggetdiameterrequiredforthenecessarystrengthorthediameterofthecontinuousfusedjointshallbespecifiedindrawings.

WeldpointdiameterdP

TheweldpointdiameterdPisdeterminedinadestructivetest(usuallyachiseltest).Thefracturewillbeoneofthreetypes,dependingonthequalityofthejoint:

ShearfractureatthetransitiontothesheetwithdPA (symmetricalorasymmetrical),so-called

"slug"

ForcedfracturewithdG(fractureintheentirejoiningplane)

Mixedfracture (fractureinthejoiningplanewithoneareawithoutfusioninthecore)

Thefracturetypeisdependentontheweldingparametersandthethicknessofthesheetstobejoined.

Shearfractureatthetransitiontothesheet

Withashearfractureatthetransitiontothesheet,theaveragediameterdPAoftheslugisdetermined,Figure17,Figure18.

Legend:

d=dPASpotdiameter

d1,d2 measuringpointsfordPd3 notmeasured

Figure17–Projectionweldwithshearfractureattransitiontothesheet

Theslugdiameter(averagediameter)shouldbeatleastthesameastheprojectiondiameter.

Figure18–ShearfractureatthetransitiontothesheetastheresultofadestructivechiseltestwithdPA=5.1mm

Forcedfracture

Withaforcedfracture,thefracturearea/diameterdGinthejoiningplaneisdetermined,seeFigure19.

Thefracturearea/diametermustbeatleastthesameasthearea/diameteroftheprojection.

dG

dG=Diameteroftheforcedfracture

Figure19–Weldwithfractureinthejoiningplane(forcedfracture)

Mixedfracture

Withamixedfracture,inadditiontotheforcedfractureportion(outerarea)therewillalsobeareaswithoutbond,Figure20,Figure21.Intheexample,thereisnofusedjointinthecore.

Thisfracturetypeisclassedasunsatisfactory(notOK)fromaweldingqualitypointofview.

Thefigurebelowschematicallyillustratesthesheardiametersandthefractureinthejoiningplane.

Legend:

dH=Diameteroftheadhesionzone

dK=Diameterofthecore(unwelded

dH area)

„A“

d

dK

H

dK

A

Figure20–Weldwithfractureinthejoiningplane(mixedfracture)

Figure21–Fractureprofileofajointwithareaswithoutfusion(inthecore)

Gapsize

Therewillgenerallyalwaysbeagapbetweenthesheets(joiningplane)becauseofthegeometricconditionsofthejoiningpartners.Thepermissiblegapsizeshallbedeterminedbymeansofprocesstesting.

Markingsonthecountersheet

Duetothethermalloadoftheelectrodesandthejoiningpartners,cratersappearonthecontactsurfaceofthecounterelectrodeafteradistinctnumberofwelds.Thesecratersleadtomarkingsorincertainboundariestoraisedareasonthecountersheet.

TheDesignEngineeringdepartmentsshalldetermineorlimittherequirementsonthecountersurface(contactsurface,screw-mountingsurface)withrespecttoraisedareasduetoprojectioncollapses/craters.

NOTE:Toavoidthisdisturbance,thetoollifeofthecounterelectrodeshallbelimited.

Overallevaluation

Anoverallevaluationshallbeusedtoensurethatthequalityofaprojectionweldedjointismaintainedacrosstheentiremanufacturingperiod.

Anoverallevaluationofaprojectionweldshalltakeplacewhen:

preparingamachinefordelivery,

performingfirstsamplingand

whenimplementingparameterchangesthatareexpectedtoresultinaconsiderablechangeintheoverallevaluation.

Theoverallevaluationshallinclude:

nuggetdiameterdLordiameterofthecontinuousfusedjoint(no"ringnugget")and

spotorslugdiameter(e.g.bymeansofchiseltest)

Thefollowingarestandardvaluesforcomparingnuggetandsheardiameters.Forroundprojections:

dLd1dPAd1

d1=diameteroftheunweldedprojectiondL=nuggetdiameter

dPA=spotweldsheardiameter

Forringorlongprojections:

FLFBFPAFB

F=projectedareaoftheprojection(lengthxwidth)

Evaluationofaprojectionweld:

WeldingOK:

dL

dP

OK

OK

Torque/crosstensionforce

OK

WeldingconditionallyOK:

dL

NotOK

NotOK

dP

NotOK

OK

Torque/crosstensionforce

OK

OK

WeldingnotOK:

dLdP

dR(ringnugget)

Torque/crosstensionforce

NotOKNotOKNotOKNotOK

Theevaluationofporesintheweldnuggetiscarriedoutacc.toPV6702.

Theweldingparametersshallbereviewedintheeventof"conditionallyOK"or"NotOK"result.

ThetorqueorthecrosstensionforcemustalsobedeterminedaccordingtoVW60560whenevaluatingprojectionweldingoffunctionalcomponents(e.g.nutsorscrews).

Drawingentries

FüForthedimensionsb,e,vanda(seealsoFigure12)thegeneraltolerancesaccordingtoDINISO2768-mediumapply.

Figure22showsthedimensioningandsymbolicrepresentationofroundprojectionsinassemblydrawingsandPDMdrawings.

DINEN12345containsfurtherdataandgeneralprinciplesforthedefinitionofprojectionweldedseams.

dLmin. n (e)

VW01103

v

e

v

Figure31–Symbolicrepresentationofaprojectionweld(example)

NOTE1:SymbolmeaningaccordingtoDINEN22553:

TheweldnuggetdiameterdLmin.mustliebetweensheetst1andt2inthejoiningplane.

NOTE2:Fortheexactdefinitionandtransferofpositionoftheweldspotswithinthe„Body“processchain,theapplicablerequirementsofCAD/CAMdatainVW01059-1aretobecompliedwith.

NOTE3:Fortechnicalreasons,thespecificationoftheminimumnuggetdiameterdLmin.isnecessary.

Referencedstandards1

VW01105-1 ResistanceSpotWelding;Design,Calculation,ProcessAssurance;UncoatedandCoatedSheetSteels

VW01059-1 RequirementsforCAD/CAMData;RepresentationofTechnicalCharacteristics

VW60560 StrengthTestforWeldedJointsofWeldNuts/WeldedBolts;ProjectionWelds

PV6702 SpotWeldJoints;StrengthTestingofSteelMaterials

DVS2905 ProjectionWeldingofSteels

DINEN12345 Welding-MultilingualTermsforWeldedJointswithIllustrations

DINEN22553 Welded,BrazedandSolderedJoints–SymbolicRepresentationonDrawings

DINENISO4063 WeldingandAlliedProcesses–

NomenclatureofProcessesandReferenceNumbers

DINENISO5817 Welding–Fusion-WeldedJointsinSteel,Nickel,TitaniumandTheirAlloys(BeamWeldingExcluded)–

QualityLevelsforImperfections

DINENISO6520-2 WeldingandAlliedProcesses–

ClassificationofGeometricImperfectionsinMetallicMaterials–Part2:WeldingwithPressure

DINENISO14327 ResistanceWelding-ProceduresforDeterminingtheWeldabilityLobeforResistanceSpot,ProjectionandSeamWelding

DINENISO14329 ResistanceWelding-DestructiveTestsofWelds-FailureTypesandGeometricMeasurementsforResistanceSpot,SeamandProjectionWelds

Otherstandards

DINENISO14554-1QualityRequirementsforWelding-ResistanceWeldingofMetallicMaterials–Part1:ComprehensiveQualityRequirements

DINENISO14554-2QualityRequirementsforWelding-ResistanceWeldingofMetallicMaterials–Part2:ElementaryQualityRequirements

DINENISO14270 SpecimenDimensionsandProcedureforMechanizedPeelTestingResistanceSpot,SeamandEmbossedProjectionWelds

DINENISO14271 VickersHardnessTestingofResistanceSpot,ProjectionandSeamWelds(LowLoadandMicrohardness)

DINENISO14272 SpecimenDimensionsandProcedureforCrossTensionTestingResistanceSpotandEmbossedProjectionWelds

DINENISO14273 Spec