考研语法1课件

语法长难句（一）Loveistowomenwhatpoweristomen.Sheismorethankindtohim.Tobeistodo!“语法”想说爱你真的不容易！语法在完型的考察Thewordsusedbythespeakermaystirupunfavorablereactionsinthelistener___interferewithhiscomprehension.A.whoB.asC.whichD.what语法在考研中如何考察？语法在阅读中的考察GeorgeAnna,chairmanofthehealthlawdepartment,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.(02年阅读)

语法在翻译中的考察Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.只是在最近，语言学家们才开始认真研究与他们自己所掌握的完全不同的语言。当太阳落山的时候，我们正走到半路。Whenthesunset,wewerewalkingonthehalfway.Thesunsetmetusonthehalfway.✎练习：在最近的几年里，中国的经济，政治和文化发展迅速。Chinawitnesseditsspeedydevelopmentineconomy,politicsandcultureinrecentyears.修辞中的语法现象：考研英语语法体系句子成分分析词法：名词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，代词，介词语态：被动，主动时态：八大时态三大从句：定语从句；状语从句；名词性从句非谓语动词:特殊结构：倒装，省略，强调，分隔，比较，否定基本重，难点

定语从句Theboy

who/thathelpedmeismybrother.A.Thisisthemountainvillage.B.Ivisiteditlastyear.C.Thisisthemountainvillagewhich/thatIvisitedlastyear.先行词关系（代）词Hisfatherdiedthatyear

whenhewasborn.Thefactory

wheremyfatherworkedtenyearsagoisoverthere.“人”时间地点原则2：关系词在从句中充当成分。TheboywhomImetyesterdayisTom.人，宾格原则1：先行词决定关系词的选用ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn’tcome.原因Thereisafactorywheremyfatherworks.=Thereisafactoryin

whichmyfatherworks

.定语从句中的关系副词可以转换成介词+which的形式Icannotforgetthedaywhenmyfamilymovedintothecity.=Icannotforgetthedayonwhich

myfamilymovedintothecity.Ilivesinahousewindowfacessouth.whose关系形容词关系形容词whose的先行词既可以是人也可以是物！如果先行词是物，whose=ofwhich;如果先行词是人，whose=ofwhom=Ilivesinahouseofwhichwindowfacessouth.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisadoctor.Ofwhom★“how“不能引导定语从句Duringthe1940’sscienceandengineeringhadanimpactontheway

musicreacheditsaudienceandeveninfluencedtheway

itwascomposed.A.HowB.thatC.whichD.inwhichTheway+从句；Thewaythat+从句；Thewayinwhich+从句；非限定性定语从句？Ihaveasisterwhoisanurse.Ihaveasister,whoisanurse.我有一个当护士的妹妹。我有一个妹妹，她是一名护士。1.外形不同：非从用逗号隔开，限从不用；2.所起作用不同，限从起修饰限制作用，去掉影响整个句子意思表达；非从起补充说明作用，去掉不影响句子意思。Tips：非限定性从句的先行词可以是整个句子：Hegotthefirstprize,whichisoutofmyexpectation.非限定性定语从句Iknowtheboy，whowaspraisedbytheteacher.1.比较特殊的关系代词“as”Ihavethesamebookasyou（have）.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Thisissuchabookaswasgiventome.

As可以引导限定性定语从句，这种情况下经常与same,so,such连用☆

定语从句中一些特殊的关系词：考研中定语从句常见考点：最常见的结构是as引导非限定性定语从句：Aseveryoneknows,tomisgoodatEnglish.As引导非限定语从句，指代的是整个句子。Thedecisionwaspostponed,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.Theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.2.As引导的定语从句可以放在句首，句中或句尾。ashasbeensaidabove，… asanybodycansee,… aswehadexpected,… 3.as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexculturalsignals,assumptionsandconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.(97text2）Familieshavealsoexperiencedchangestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;consequently,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome__

wascommoninthetraditionalfamilystructure.A.thanB.thatC.whichD.asThan在这里做关系代词，指代先行词supervision,在后面的从句里做主语，这里的than起连词和代词的作用。说说定语从句中的“than”a.than做关系代词一般在从句中做主语，或宾语b.than前面的主句需要有形容词比较形式c.比较级所修饰的名词即为先行词…economycansustainahighergrowthratethan

mostpeoplethoughtplausiblejustayearortwoago.★关系副词在定语从句中的用法：Theyhavereachedthepoint

theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where☆where引导的定语从句，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词；但是其先行词也可以不是表示地点的名词，只不过这些词是“含有地点意义的名词”，例如case,situation,point.★先行词表示时间，不一定都用when引导定语从句I’llneverforgetthetimewhichIspentoncampus.I‘llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthepark.When引导定语从句的前提条件有2个，除了先行词是表示时间的名词之外，从句中缺少的只能是时间状语。★与地点、时间状语从句的区别：①Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.②Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?IfoundIlostmywalletwhenIhadarrivedathome.Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityoffaculties,despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirlivings.(06年翻译）

Whereby

在考研阅读中经常会出现，等于“bywhich”

或“throughwhich”

“借此，凭这个”的意思，先行词通常是表示方式的名词，例如“method”。练习1.Speechhastobetriggeredandthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,

themotherrecognizethecuesandsignalsinthechild’scrying,smiling,andrespondstothem.

A.whenB.whichC.whyD.where2.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.定语从句的拆分？Step1.圈定句中动词Step2.圈定句中关系代词或关系副词①Thechildwhoseparentsdiedinthecarcrashwasleftinthecareofhisgrandparents.②ThefirstcaseofbirdfluthatwasreportedinThailandcapturedtheattentionofofficialsfrom③Shehastheconfidencewithwhichshecanovercomeeveryobstaclethatshemaycomeacrossinherlife.公式：动词1+关系词+动词2or关系词+动词1+动词2定语从句中的分隔结构：1）先行词与关系词被分隔：①先行词+其他定语+定从原因：先行词本身带有多个定语Todaystepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthat

warn，amongotherthings，thatyoumight—surprise—falloff.②先行词+状语+定语从句Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive–thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.②先行词（做主语）+谓语部分＋定语从句Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificanswers.如何判断先行词？Evenwhenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda

that

willgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachdaywanderingthestreet.LodgingB.shelterC.dwellingD.houseForworkersitcanmeananendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseof

thatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee.A.ExcitementB.convictionC.enthusiasmD.importance★根据定语从句的意思确定先行词；有的时候，我们可以通过谓语动词的单复数来判断先行词！Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouth…2）带有插入语的定语从句：Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a“funcard”,which

whenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablescasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.3）并列定语从句Forawhile,itlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,which

Americahadinventedand

whichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmo

whose

presencewebarelyno