高中英语语法权威解析一名词性从句附练习题

在句子中起名词作用句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses〕。名词性从句功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句比拟It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子构造，主语从句连接词没有变化。而it引导强调句那么是对句子某一局部进展强调，无论强调是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调局部指人时也可用who/whom。例如：a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那场电影真可惜。b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.谋杀案是在早上发生。〔强调句型〕d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打碎窗户。〔强调句型〕2.用it作形式主语构造(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪是…(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…3.主语从句不可位于句首五种情况：〔1〕if引导主语从句不可居于复合句句首。〔2〕Itissaid/reported…构造中主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.错误表达：ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.〔3〕Ithappens/occurs…构造中主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.错误表达：Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.〔4〕Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…构造中主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.错误表达：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.〔5〕含主语从句复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening错误表达：Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely4.what与that在引导主语从句时区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that那么不然。例如：a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词宾语(1)由that引导宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了。(2)由what,whether(if)引导宾语从句，例如：a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道发生了什么。b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她对我说她会承受我邀请。2.作介词宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们成功取决于我们之间合作。3.作形容词宾语，例如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that引导从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后that从句看作原因状语从句。4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正宾语that从句那么放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5.后边不能直接跟that从句动词这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导宾语从句。如：正确表达：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.错误表达：Iadmirethattheywonthematch.6.不可用that从句作直接宾语动词有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“构造中，常见有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如：正确表达：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.错误表达：Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.7.否认转移假设主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后宾语从句假设含有否认意义，一般要把否认词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般构造是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句〞。可以接表语从句连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句that常可省略。另外，常用还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等构造。例如：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词同位语名词性从句。1.同位语从句功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位语在句子中位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明名词后面，而是被别词隔开。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.3.同位语从句与定语从句区别(1)定语从句中that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分〔主语或宾语〕，而同位语从句中that是连词，只起连接主句与从句作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性，其功能是对名词进展补充说明。例如：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.〔他告诉我消息是汤姆明年将出国。〕〔第一个that引导从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语〕2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.〔汤姆将出国消息是他讲。〕〔同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分〕名词性从句专项练习1．____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeaboutC.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.Thisis___theShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Is_____hesaidreallytrueA.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14._____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.Whethe