Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures能充当的成分主语宾语表语补语定语状语不定式todon.

adjadving形式动名词n现在分词advadj过去分词doneadvadj非谓语充当成分FunctionsofinfinitivesToliveabroad

isnoteasy.Sheplannedtovisitherparentsnextweek.Thequestionis

howtogetthere.Thefirstperson

tocomeisMr.Brown.HewenttoFrancetolearnFrench.Hisfatherencouragedhimtofindanewjob.主语宾语表语定语宾补状语

重点：定语不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词___________。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudenttocometoschool.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.后面1.作定语只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Pleasemakeanefforttocatchthebus.(1)当修饰的名词是chance,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,ambition（表示努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的抽象名词）快记笔记只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Oneshouldhavethecouragetoacceptchangesinlife.(2)当修饰的名词的同源动词或形容词后加todoability,courage,desire,decision,attempt,wish，快记笔记只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Hewas

thefirstonetothinkoftheidea.2.Youaretheonly

persontobelate.3.Themanageristhelasttocometothemeeting.4.Thisisthethird

questiontobediscussed.(3)当修饰的名词前有theonly,thenext,thelast,以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。快记笔记只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Doyouhaveanything

tosay?2.Thereisnothing

toworryabout.3.Iwanttogetsomething

todrink.(4)当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。(5)当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。例：Theletter

tobewritten

istomyfather.Thematter

tobediscussed

isimportant.快记笔记

重点：状语修饰动词、形容词和副词2.作状语例：Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoasnottoforgetit.（1）目的状语：常用结构（为了）：todo;inorder(not)todo；soas(not)todo(不置于句首)

快记笔记①Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.②Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.

③Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.④I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.常用结构：①so/such…astodo

②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意料之外的或事与愿违的结果)

④too…todo

2.作状语（2）

结果状语：快记笔记现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别例：1.Wecamehomeonlytofindourgardeninamess.2.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoor.动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。Sheisproudtohavewon

thefirstplace.Heisgladtobeinvitedtothemeeting.Wewereastonishedtofind

thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.“sb.

+be+adj.

+todo”用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。此类形容词多是sorry,glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。2.作状语（3）

原因状语：快记笔记Themorningairissogoodtobreathe

thathegetsupearlyeveryday.“sth.

+be+adj.

+todo”（主宾一致，adj表示主语的特征或性质,省略宾语，用主动表被动）easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,comfortable,good,important,impossible,dangerous2.作状语快记笔记（4）

其他：adverbial状语attribute定语todo目的状语:多修饰名词常作后置定语修饰常被序数词、最高级限定的词抽象名词之后：effort,desire,chance,

promise...

同源动词或形容词加todo:decision,ability...todo,inorderto

(可句首句中),soasto

(只能句中)原因状语:sb.＋be＋adj.＋todosth.sth.

+be+adj.

+todo结果状语:enoughto

(足够做...),too...to(太...而不能),so/such...asto

(如此...以至于)1.Q:WhyisYangLiweifamousinChina?A:Becauseheis_______________________________________.(第一个进入太空的中国宇航员).2.Q:Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm2001:ASpaceOdyssey?A:I’mafraidthefilmis_________________________________.

(太长太乏味而无法看完).

Completethesentencesusinginfinitivesastheattributeortheadverbial.thefirstChineseastronauttogointospacetoolongandboringformetofinishPractice

3.Q:Wouldyouliketotravelintospacesomeday?A:Yes,andIwanttobecome____________________________.(登陆火星的第一个中国人).4.Q:Couldyouprovideasimpleintroductiontohowspacerocketswork?A:I’mafraidthewholeprocessis__________________________________.(太复杂了，无法用几句话解释清楚).thefirstChinesetolandonMarstoocomplicatedtoexplaininafewwordsPractice

e.g.TolearnEnglishwell

isdifficult.It’sdifficulttolearn

Englishwell.不定式后置It’s+adj.+forsb.todosth不定式表示动作的发出者It’s+adj.+ofsb.

todosth说明逻辑主语的性质、品质It’sdifficult____himtolearnEnglishwell.It’swise____him_________(make)suchadecision.foroftomake3.作主语快记笔记e.g.JeremyLinlikestoplaybasketball.Thegirldecidedtodoitherself.Wehopetogettherebeforedark.常见的加不定式做宾语的动词：agree,attempt,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,determine,expect,fail,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,want...4.作宾语（1）Pleaseshowushowtodealwiththehaze.

Idon’tknowwhichonetochoose.（2）Ithinkitveryusefultolearnaforeignlanguage①

疑问词+不定式(what/where/how/which/when/who/whether...)②

主语+v.+it+adj./n.+todosth.(believe/consider/feel/find/make/suppose/think...)4.作宾语快记笔记ENGLISHLESSONTVtableloveonedogstartwoTheboyattempts_______(learn)alanguagebyhimself.tolearnI’mnotsurewhere______(go)afterbeingfired.togoe.g.

Allyouhavetodois___________(finish)thejobquickly.不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。e.g.Myjobistoprotecttheworld.Toseeistobelieve.（眼见为实）Myambitionistoworkforafirm...tofinish5.作表语ENGLISHLESSONTVtableloveonedogstartwoMyworkinthefollowingweeksis___________(collect)therelateddata.Myhobbyis__________(collect)stampscollectingtocollect习惯性的动作（事情）具体的/将来的动作v+object+todo/doHeadvisedmetotakethecourse.Iinviteyoutoattendtheconference.Jane’sfatherwantshertogotothemedicalschool.Isawherworkonthehomework.Ihearhisalarmbuzzeverydayinthemorning.常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有allow,advise,ask,call,cause,encourage,expect,force,get,help,invite,need,order,prefer,remind,teach,tell,train,want,warn等。6.作宾补快记笔记1)感官动词(feel,hear,listento,see,watch,lookat,notice,observe)后；2)使役动词

(let,have,make)后,但是在被动语态中要还原to。eg.ImadeTomcleantheroom.----Tomwasmadetocleantheroom.3)不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,则前有do,后无to；前无do,后有to.e.g.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.

I

havenochoice

buttogo.6.以下会省略不定式中的to，但是在被动语态中要还原to快记笔记Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal__