Unit 4 《Discovering Useful Structures-限制性定语从句》课件2023-2024学年高一上学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

DiscoveringUsefulStructures—— 限制性定语从句(1)1.Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethat/whichevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.2.Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatwerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.3.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.4.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.5.Theman(whom/who/that)IhavetophonelivesinCanada.一、定语从句的定义与分类

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。1.关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as)和关系副词(when，where，why)两类。2.根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。前者紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；后者主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。I’dreallyliketofindafriendwhoIcantrustcompletely.(限制性定语从句)我真的很想找一个可以完全信任的朋友。Thechildren，whowereinjuredinacaraccident，arebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.(非限制性定语从句)在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。二、关系代词的用法1.who的用法：who指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时可省略。Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyou.有个女孩儿想见你。2.whom的用法：whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略，此时也可用who代替。Theoldman(who/whom)yousawyesterdayisathinker.你昨天见到的那位老人是位思想家。3.whose的用法：whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可以转化为“the＋名词＋ofwhich/whom”和“ofwhich/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.＝Thisisthescientistthenameofwhomisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.＝Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。[即时练1]用适当的关系代词填空①Thegirl____________graduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.②Thisistheperson____________youshouldthankforhelpingyourson.③Anystudent____________familyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.④Ilikethosebooks____________topicsareabouthistory.whowho/whomwhosewhose4.that和which的用法(1)which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Pleasefindaroomwhich/thatisbigenoughforallofustolivein.请找一间足够大能住下我们所有人的房间。Thisisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。Thisisthethief(that)wehavebeenlookingforthesedays.这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。[即时练2]用适当的关系代词填空①Istillkeeptheletter____________shewrotetome.②Manywesterners____________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries.③Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm____________wevisitedthreemonthsago?④Thefilm____________youarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeontomorrow.(that/which)who/that(that/which)(that/which)(2)在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况。①当先行词是all,little,few,none,anything,something，everything,nothing等不定代词时。Canyougivemeanythingthathasnosugarinside？能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？②当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirsttwo-storeybusthatrunsinourcity.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。③当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时。Thisistheveryscarfthatmotherhasbeenlookingfor.这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。④当先行词既有人又有物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。(3)句中其他位置已出现与关系代词相同的疑问词时，应避免重复。Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus?哪辆车超过我们了？[即时练3]补全句子①桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。Guilinisthemostbeautifulcity_________________________________.②她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeople_______________________.③写作是她唯一感兴趣的事。Writingwas_____________________interestedher.thatIhaveevervisitedthatshewasinterestedintheonlythingthat三、使用定语从句的注意事项1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.

地上放的那个手提箱是她的。[名师点津]

“oneof＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；“theonlyoneof＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。2.关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。[误]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.[正]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.Thebestclassroomintheworldisatthefeetofanelderlyperson.世界上最好的课堂在老人的脚下.Havingachildfallasleepinyourarmsisoneofthemostpeacefulfeelingintheworld.让一个孩子在你的臂弯入睡,你会体会到世间最安宁的感觉.Beingkindismoreimportantthanbeingright.善良比真理更重要.Youshouldneversaynotoagiftfromach