Unit 1 汽车专业英语(车辆的种类、汽车基本结构)

UnitoneAutomobileBasics2021/6/271ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.Exercises2021/6/272TypesofModernAutomobiles1）cars

2）passengercars3）trucks4）tractorsandvehiclecombination5）specialtypevehicle6）Self-dumpingcar7）farmvehicle8)off-roadvehicle

Pre-questions2021/6/273Specialvehicle

carTractorTruck

PassengerCars

2021/6/2742、withrespecttoenginearrangementanddrivingtypeenginearrangementanddrivingtypediagramfrontengine

、front-wheeldrive

frontengine

、rear-wheeldriveRearengine、

rear-wheeldrivePre-questions2021/6/275Doyouknowwhobuiltthefirstcarintheworldandwhen?KarlBenzIn1886Pre-questions2021/6/276Howmanymainpartsdoestheautomobileconsistof?1-engine2-chassis3-body4--electricalsystemPre-questions2021/6/277NewWordsandNewWordsandExpressions

component[kəm'pəunənt]n.成分，组成，部件，零件chassis['∫æsi]n.底盘transmission[trænz'mi∫ən]n.变速器，传动,传动系统，传送，发射ignite[ig'nait]v.点火,点燃suspension[səs'pen∫ən]n.悬架，悬挂2021/6/278NewWordsandNewWordsandExpressions

spark-ignitionengine点燃式发动机compression-ignitionengine压燃式发动机storagebattery蓄电池ignitioncoil点火线圈powertrain传动系，动力装置propellershaft传动轴(=driveshaft)2021/6/279SectionATheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Today'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscanbegroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipments.2021/6/2710Engine

Theengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.2021/6/2711ChassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartsofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthepowertrain,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.2021/6/2712BodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.2021/6/2713ElectricalEquipmentTheelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofabattery,andanalternator(orgenerator).Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.2021/6/2714Whichiscalledthe“heart”ofautomobile?AnenginethatisusedtosupplypowerforanautomobileWhatisthechassiscomposedof?Powertrain,suspension,steeringsystemandbrakesystem.

Questions2021/6/2715PowertrainsystemBrakesystemSteeringsystemSuspensionsystemPre-questions2021/6/2716Whatistheelectricalsystemcomposedof?Theelectricsystemincludesthebattery,generator,startingsystem,ignitionsystem,lightingsystem,hornsystem,radioandotherdevices.Pre-questions2021/6/2717Whatarethefunctionsofthefoursystems?Drivingsystem

worksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.Suspensionsystem’sfunctionistoincreasestrengthanddurabilityofcomponentsandtomeetcustomers’requirementsforridingcomfortanddrivingsafety.Steeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.

Brakesystemisusedtoretardthemotionofthevehicle.

Questions2021/6/2718SectionCReadingAnautomobileormotorcar(usuallyshortenedtojustcar)isawheeledpassengervehiclethatcarriesitsownengineormotor.Mostdefinitionsofitspecifythatautomobilesaredesignedtorunonroads,tohaveseatingforonetoeightpeople,totypicallyhavefourwheels,andtobeconstructedforthetransportofpeopleorgoods.However,thedefinitionisnotprecisebecausetherearemanytypesofvehiclesthatdosimilartasks.2021/6/2719Inotherwords,anyautomobileiscomposedofthesectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricsystem.Inotherwords换句话说becomposedof由….组成

译文：换句话说，任何一辆汽车都是由发动机、底盘、车身和电器设备组成的。

II.TextExplanation2021/6/2720Inotherwords

Inotherwords,theyremainrelativelyconstantorstatic.

换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。

Inotherwords,wehaveadheredtoscientificsocialism.

也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义。

becomposedofNavymustbecomposedofsurfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit.

海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成。II.TextExplanation2021/6/2721III.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.chassisdrivingsysteminternalcombustionenginesteeringsystembrakingsystempropellershaftGeneratorTransmissionIgnitioncoilSuspensionEngineComponentStoragebattery底盘传动系统内燃机转向系统制动系统传动轴发电机变速器点火线圈悬挂发动机零件蓄电池2021/6/2722IdentifytheEnglishnamesofchassisaccordingtothepicture.III.Exercisesengine;clutch(离合器）;transmission;propellershaft;differential（差速器）;rearaxle（后轴）2021/6/2723I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoCh