颅神经-医学英语课件

150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语SummaryofFunctionofCranialNerves150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveI:OlfactoryArisesfromtheolfactoryepitheliumPassesthroughthecribriformplateoftheethmoidboneFibersrunthroughtheolfactorybulbandterminateintheprimaryolfactorycortexFunctionssolelybycarryingafferentimpulsesforthesenseofsmell150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveI:OlfactoryFigureIfromTable13.2150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveII:OpticArisesfromtheretinaoftheeyeOpticnervespassthroughtheopticcanalsandconvergeattheopticchiasmTheycontinuetothethalamuswheretheysynapseFromthere,theopticradiationfibersruntothevisualcortexFunctionssolelybycarryingafferentimpulsesforvision150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveII:OpticFigureIITable13.2150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveIII:OculomotorFibersextendfromtheventralmidbrain,passthroughthesuperiororbitalfissure,andgototheextrinsiceyemusclesFunctionsinraisingtheeyelid,directingtheeyeball,constrictingtheiris,andcontrollinglensshapeThelatter2functionsareparasympatheticallycontrolledParasympatheticcellbodiesareintheciliaryganglia150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveIII:OculomotorFigureIIIfromTable13.2150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveIV:TrochlearFibersemergefromthedorsalmidbrainandentertheorbitsviathesuperiororbitalfissures;innervatethesuperiorobliquemusclePrimarilyamotornervethatdirectstheeyeball150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveIV:TrochlearFigureIVfromTable13.2150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveV:TrigeminalComposedofthreedivisionsOphthalmic(V1)Maxillary(V2)Mandibular(V3)Fibersrunfromthefacetotheponsviathesuperiororbitalfissure(V1),theforamenrotundum(V2),andtheforamenovale(V3)Conveyssensoryimpulsesfromvariousareasoftheface(V1)and(V2),andsuppliesmotorfibers(V3)formasticationTicdouloureuxortrigeminalneuralgia-Mostexcruciatingpainknown(?)-Causedbyinflammationofnerve-Inseverecases,nerveiscut;relievesagonybutresultsinloss ofsensationonthatsideoftheface150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveV:Trigeminal150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveVI:AbducensFibersleavetheinferiorponsandentertheorbitviathesuperiororbitalfissurePrimarilyamotornerveinnervatingthelateralrectusmuscle(abductstheeye;thusthenameabducens)150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveVII:FacialFibersleavethepons,travelthroughtheinternalacousticmeatus,andemergethroughthestylomastoidforamentothelateralaspectofthefaceMotorfunctionsinclude;FacialexpressionTransmittalofparasympatheticimpulsestolacrimalandsalivaryglands(submandibularandsublingualglands)Sensoryfunctionistastefromtastebudsofanteriortwo-thirdsofthetongue150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveVII:FacialFigureVIIfromTable13.2150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语FacialNerve(CNVII)

Bell’spalsy:paralysisoffacialmusclesonaffectedsideandlossoftastesensationCausedbyherpessimplexIvirusLowereyeliddroopsCornerofmouthsagsTearsdripcontinuouslyandeyecannotbecompletelyclosed(dryeyemayoccur)Conditionmydisappearspontaneouslywithouttreatment150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveVIII:VestibulocochlearFibersarisefromthehearingandequilibriumapparatusoftheinnerear,passthroughtheinternalacousticmeatus,andenterthebrainstematthepons-medullaborderTwodivisions–cochlear(hearing)andvestibular(balance)Functionsaresolelysensory–equilibriumandhearing150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveVIII:VestibulocochlearFigureVIIIfromTable13.2150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveIX:GlossopharyngealFibersemergefromthemedulla,leavetheskullviathejugularforamen,andruntothethroatNerveIXisamixednervewithmotorandsensoryfunctionsMotor–innervatespartofthetongueandpharynx,andprovidesmotorfiberstotheparotidsalivaryglandSensory–fibersconducttasteandgeneralsensoryimpulsesfromthetongueandpharynx150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveIX:GlossopharyngealFigureIXfromTable13.2150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveX:VagusTheonlycranialnervethatextendsbeyondtheheadandneckFibersemergefromthemedullaviathejugularforamenThevagusisamixednerveMostmotorfibersareparasympatheticfiberstotheheart,lungs,andvisceralorgansItssensoryfunctionisintasteParalysisleadstohoarsenessTotaldestructionincompatiblewithlife150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveX:Vagus150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveXI:AccessoryFormedfromacranialrootemergingfromthemedullaandaspinalrootarisingfromthesuperiorregionofthespinalcordThespinalrootpassesupwardintothecraniumviatheforamenmagnumTheaccessorynerveleavesthecraniumviathejugularforamenPrimarilyamotornerveSuppliesfiberstothelarynx,pharynx,andsoftpalateInnervatesthetrapeziusandsternocleidomastoid,whichmovetheheadandneck150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveXI:AccessoryFigureXIfromTable13.2150Cranialnerves颅神经-医学英语CranialNerveXII:HypoglossalFibersarisefromthemedullaandexittheskullviathehypoglossalcanalInnervatesboth