电力变压器损耗及损失电量速算表

电力变压器损耗及损失电量速算表变压器损耗分为铁损和铜损,铁损又叫空载损耗,就是其固定损耗,实是铁芯所产生的损耗(也称铁芯损耗,而铜损也叫负荷损耗,1、变压器损耗计算公式

（1）有功损耗：ΔP＝P0＋KTβ2PK-------（1）

（2）无功损耗：ΔQ＝Q0＋KTβ2QK-------（2）

（3）综合功率损耗：ΔPZ＝ΔP＋KQΔQ----（3）

Q0≈I0％SN，QK≈UK％SN

式中：Q0——空载无功损耗（kvar）

P0——空载损耗（kW）

PK——额定负载损耗（kW）

SN——变压器额定容量（kVA）

I0％——变压器空载电流百分比。

UK％——短路电压百分比

β——平均负载系数

KT——负载波动损耗系数

QK——额定负载漏磁功率（kvar）

KQ——无功经济当量（kW／kvar）

上式计算时各参数的选择条件：

（1）取KT＝1.05；

（2）对城市电网和工业企业电网的6kV～10kV降压变压器取系统最小负荷时，其无功当量KQ＝0．1kW／kvar；

（3）变压器平均负载系数，对于农用变压器可取β＝20％；对于工业企业，实行三班制，可取β＝75％；

（4）变压器运行小时数T＝8760h，最大负载损耗小时数：t＝5500h；

（5）变压器空载损耗P0、额定负载损耗PK、I0％、UK％，见产品资料所示。

2、变压器损耗的特征

P0——空载损耗，主要是铁损，包括磁滞损耗和涡流损耗；

磁滞损耗与频率成正比；与最大磁通密度的磁滞系数的次方成正比。

涡流损耗与频率、最大磁通密度、矽钢片的厚度三者的积成正比。

PC——负载损耗，主要是负载电流通过绕组时在电阻上的损耗，一般称铜损。其大小随负载电流而变化，与负载电流的平方成正比；（并用标准线圈温度换算值来表示）。

负载损耗还受变压器温度的影响，同时负载电流引起的漏磁通会在绕组内产生涡流损耗，并在绕组外的金属部分产生杂散损耗。

变压器的全损耗ΔP=P0+PC

变压器的损耗比=PC/P0

变压器的效率=PZ/（PZ+ΔP），以百分比表示；其中PZ为变压器二次侧输出功率。一、变损电量的计算：变压器的损失电量有铁损和铜损两部分组成。铁损与运行时间有关，铜损与负荷大小有关。因此，应分别计算损失电量。

1、铁损电量的计算：不同型号和容量的铁损电量，计算公式是：

铁损电量（千瓦时）=空载损耗（千瓦）×供电时间（小时）

配变的空载损耗（铁损），由附表查得，供电时间为变压器的实际运行时间，按以下原则确定：

（1）对连续供电的用户，全月按720小时计算。

（2）由于电网原因间断供电或限电拉路，按变电站向用户实际供电小时数计算，不得以难计算为由，仍按全月运行计算，变压器停电后，自坠熔丝管交供电站的时间，在计算铁损时应予扣除。

（3）变压器低压侧装有积时钟的用户，按积时钟累计的供电时间计算。

2、铜损电量的计算：当负载率为40%及以下时，按全月用电量（以电能表读数）的2%计收，计算公式：铜损电量（千瓦时）=月用电量（千瓦时）×2%

因为铜损与负荷电流（电量）大小有关，当配变的月平均负载率超过40%时，铜损电量应按月用电量的3%计收。负载率为40%时的月用电量，由附表查的。负载率的计算公式为：负载率=抄见电量/S．T．Cos￠

式中：S——配变的额定容量（千伏安）；T——全月日历时间、取720小时；

COS￠——功率因数，取0.80。号：S7

生产形式：1班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时300.251530120622.80.53060156676.80.754590216766.80.95508263.52838.08500.252550154.059660.55100205.810560.757650292.0512060.99180360.361324.8800.254080219.151430.40.58160293.41574.40.7512240417.151814.40.914688515.162004.481000.255400260.417160.510800350.418960.7516200500.421960.919440619.22433.61250.256750303.1520550.513500413.422800.7520250597.1526550.924300742.6829521600.258640373.952515.20.517280502.22803.20.7525920715.953283.20.931104885.243663.362000.2510800439.831440.521600592.835040.7532400847.841040.9388801049.764579.22500.2513500520.837500.527000700.842000.75405001000.849500.9486001238.45544节能变压器损失电量速算表Ⅱ型号：S7

生产形式：1班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时3150.2517010619.247250.534020835.252920.75510301195.262370.9612361480.326985.444000.2521600749.457120.5432001010.464320.75648001445.476320.9777601789.928582.45000.2527000881.171400.5540001191.680400.75810001709.195400.9972002118.96107286300.25340201057.58590.050.56804014229865.80.751020602029.511992.050.91224722510.6413676.048000.25432001257.391800.5864001702.8108000.751296002445.3135000.91555203033.3615638.410000.2554000147093150.51080001992113400.751620002862147150.91944003551.041738812500.2567500179111643.750.51350002412141750.75202500344718393.750.92430004266.722173516000.25864002155.5137520.51728002898169920.752592004135.5223920.93110405115.626668.8节能变压器损失电量速算表型号：S7

生产形式：2班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时300.253060132640.80.56120204748.80.759180324928.80.911016419.041071.36500.255100171.39960.510200274.811760.7515300447.314760.918360583.921713.6800.258160243.91478.40.516320392.41766.40.7524480639.92246.40.929376835.922626.561000.2510800290.417760.521600470.421360.7532400770.427360.93888010083211.21250.2513500339.921300.527000560.425800.7540500927.933300.9486001218.9639241600.2517280416.72611.20.534560673.23187.20.75518401100.74147.20.9622081439.284907.522000.2521600490.832640.543200796.839840.75648001306.851840.9777601710.726134.42500.2527000580.839000.554000940.848000.75810001540.863000.99720020167488节能变压器损失电量速算表型号：S7

生产形式：2班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时3150.2534020691.249140.5680401123.260480.751020601843.279380.91224722413.449434.884000.2543200836.459520.5864001358.473920.751296002228.497920.91555202917.4411692.85000.2554000984.674400.51080001605.692400.751620002640.6122400.91944003460.32146166300.256804011799015.350.5136080190811566.80.75204120312315819.30.92449444085.2819187.288000.25864001405.897200.51728002296.8129600.752592003781.8183600.93110404957.9222636.810000.25108000164499900.52160002688140400.753240004428207900.93888005806.082613612500.25135000199812487.50.52700003240175500.75405000531025987.50.94860006949.443267016000.251728002403148320.53456003888213120.755184006363321120.96220808323.240665.6节能变压器损失电量速算表型号：S7

生产形式：3班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时300.254590144658.80.59180252820.80.75137704321090.80.916524574.561304.64500.257650188.5510260.515300343.812960.7522950602.5517460.927540807.482102.4800.2512240268.651526.40.524480491.41958.40.7536720862.652678.40.9440641156.683248.641000.2516200320.418360.532400590.423760.75486001040.432760.9583201396.83988.81250.2520250376.6522050.540500707.428800.75607501258.6540050.9729001695.2448961600.2525920459.452707.20.551840844.23571.20.75777601485.455011.20.9933121993.326151.682000.2532400541.833840.5648001000.844640.75972001765.862640.91166402371.687689.62500.2540500640.840500.5810001180.854000.751215002080.876500.91458002793.69432节能变压器损失电量速算表型号：S7

生产形式：3班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时3150.2551030763.251030.51020601411.268040.751530902491.296390.91837083346.5611884.324000.2564800923.461920.51296001706.483520.751944003011.4119520.92332804044.9614803.25000.25810001088.177400.51620002019.6104400.752430003572.1149400.92916004801.68185046300.251020601300.59440.550.5204120239413267.80.753061804216.519646.550.93674165659.9224698.528000.251296001554.3102600.52592002890.8151200.753888005118.3232200.94665606882.4829635.210000.251620001818106650.53240003384167400.754860005994268650.95832008061.123488412500.25202500220513331.250.54050004068209250.75607500717333581.250.97290009632.164360516000.252592002650.5159120.55184004878256320.757776008590.5418320.993312011530.854662.4节能变压器损失电量速算表型号：S9

生产形式：1班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时300.251530102.6471.680.53060129.6525.60.754590174.6615.60.95508210.24686.88500.252550135.457500.55100174.68400.757650239.859900.99180291.5281108.8800.254080191.551084.80.58160247.81228.80.7512240341.551468.80.914688415.861658.881000.255400231.312120.510800298.813920.7516200411.316920.919440500.41929.61250.256750271.814250.513500352.816500.7520250487.820250.924300594.7223221600.2586403211708.80.5172804201996.80.75259205852476.80.931104715.682856.962000.2510800384.619920.521600501.623520.7532400696.629520.938880851.0463427.22500.2513500448.9523100.527000586.227600.7540500814.9535100.948600996.124104节能变压器损失电量速算表型号：S9

生产形式：1班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时3150.2517010537.152683.80.534020701.43250.80.7551030975.154195.80.9612361191.964944.244000.2521600640.531200.54320083438400.75648001156.550400.9777601411.925990.45000.2527000767.739000.554000997.248000.75810001379.763000.9972001682.6474886300.25340209574507.650.56804012365783.40.7510206017017909.650.91224722069.289593.648000.25432001120.551480.586400145867680.751296002020.594680.9155520246611606.410000.25540001378.557150.5108000184277400.751620002614.5111150.91944003226.321378812500.256750015846243.750.5135000212487750.75202500302412993.750.92430003736.81633516000.25864001945.579920.51728002598112320.752592003685.5166320.93110404546.820908.8节能变压器损失电量速算表型号：S9

生产形式：2班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时300.253060111.6489.60.56120165.6597.60.759180255.6777.60.911016326.88920.16500.255100148.57800.510200226.89600.7515300357.312600.918360460.6561497.6800.258160210.31132.80.516320322.81420.80.7524480510.31900.80.929376658.82280.961000.2510800253.812720.521600388.816320.7531400613.822320.9388807922707.21250.2513500298.815000.527000460.819500.7540500730.827000.948600944.6432941600.25172803541804.80.5345605522380.80.75518408823340.80.9622081143.364101.122000.2521600423.621120.543200657.628320.75648001047.640320.9777601356.484982.42500.2527000494.724600.554000769.233600.75810001226.748600.9972001589.046048节能变压器损失电量速算表型号：S9

生产形式：2班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时3150.2534020591.92872.80.568040920.44006.80.751020601467.95896.80.91224721901.527393.684000.254320070533600.586400109248000.75129600173772000.91555202247.849100.85000.2554000844.242000.51080001303.260000.751620002068.290000.91944002674.08113766300.256804010504932.90.513608016087484.40.75204120253811736.90.92449443274.5615104.888000.2586400123356880.5172800190889280.752592003033143280.9311040392418604.810000.25108000153363900.52160002460104400.753240004005171900.93888005228.642253612500.2513500017647087.50.52700002844121500.75405000464420587.50.94860006069.62727016000.25172800216390720.53456003468155520.755184005643263520.96220807365.634905.6节能变压器损失电量速算表型号：S9

生产形式：3班制容量利用率月实际电量有功变损无功变损千伏安千瓦时千瓦时千乏时300.254590120.6507.60.59180201.6669.60.7513770336.6939.60.916524443.521153.44500.257650161.558100.51530027910800.7522950474.7515300.927540629.7841886.4800.2512240229.051180.80.524480397.81612.80.7536720679.052332.80.944064901.82903.041000.2516200276.313320.532400478.818720.7548600816.327720.9583201083.63484.81250.2520250325.815750.540500568.822500.7560750973.833750.9729001294.564266