【高考复习指导】2021届高考英语二轮复习课堂讲练-专题九-情态动词和虚拟语气-

专题九情态动词和虚拟语气1.(2022·江苏卷)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,________bringmefood.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could2.(2022·北京卷)________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should3.(2022·湖南卷)—I'vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanwe________bringanythingwithus?A.can'tB.mustn'tC.shan'tD.needn't4.(2022·江西卷)Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest________becometherichest.A.shallB.mustC.needD.might5.(2022·北京卷)We________backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbe6.(2022·福建卷)________nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.WerethereB.HadtherebeenC.IfthereareD.Iftherehavebeen7.(2022·天津卷)________themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.A.DidhecatchB.ShouldbecatchC.HashecaughtD.Hadhecaught8.(2022·浙江卷)Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey________toourhelp.A.wouldhavecomeB.couldcomeC.havecomeD.hadcome9.(2022·大纲卷)Althoughyou________findbargainsinLondon,it'snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.A.shouldB.needC.mustD.can10.(2022·湖南卷)IfMr.Dewey________present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.A.wereB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.was1.【答案】C【解析】句意：让我难过的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还要给我带吃的。should此处意为“竟然”，表惊异。2.【答案】A【解析】句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很长时间的。表示询问对方是否允许，can与shall均可用于第一人称，但can侧重满足自身需求。依据句意可知，本题使用CanI．..？更合适。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：——我已经为野餐预备了各种食物。——你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了？本题考查的是情态动词否定意义辨析。can't(不行能；不能)；mustn't(禁止，千万不能)；needn't(不必；不需要)；shan't(不应当)，常用口语形式。4.【答案】D【解析】句意：生活是无法猜测的，甚至最贫困的人或许会成为最富有的人。shall(将要)；must(必需，肯定)；need(需要)；might(或许)。依据前句“Lifeisunpredictable”，说明一切都有可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。5.【答案】D【解析】句意：假如你没有把地图丢了，我们现在就会回到宾馆里了。本题考查的是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中使用一般过去时或were，主句使用woulddo形式。依据从句的did可知本句是与现在事实相反，故D项正确。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：假如没有现代的电信业，要想得到世界各地的消息，我们就不得不等几个星期。本题题是一个if条件句的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，if从句中使用过去时或were，主句使用woulddo形式；另外，在if从句中如含有were,had或should时，可在if被省略的同时，were，had或should放在从句句首构成部分倒装。7.【答案】D【解析】句意：假如他赶上了早班火车，他就不会开会迟到了。本题考查的是if引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反，条件句中使用过去完成时，主句使用“情态动词＋havedone”；当条件句中的if省略的时候，要把had提前形成部分倒装，故D项正确。8.【答案】A【解析】句意：在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里，他们在国外，要不然，他们就会来挂念我们的。本句考查的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句，句中的or相当于iftheyhadnotgoneabroad，由于前面句中使用的是were，说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反，所以主句中使用的是“情态动词＋havedone”的形式，故A项正确。9.【答案】D【解析】句意：尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到廉价货，但总的说来那不是一个购物廉价的地方。should(应当；竟然)；need(需要)；must(必需，肯定；非得，偏偏)；can(能够，可能，有时会)。依据句意可知用can，表示“有时可能，有时会”。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：假如Mr.Dewey在场，他就会向那里的人供应任何可能的挂念。本题考查的是条件状语从句虚拟语气中的与过去事实相反的状况。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句要使用过去完成时，主句要使用“情态动词＋havedone”。依据本句后面主句中的“wouldhaveoffered”说明是与过去事实相反，故从句中使用过去完成时。高考中，试题对情态动词和虚拟语气的考核经常利用语境和句子之间意义上的微小差别来考查同学对该语法项目的理解与把握。因此，在平常学习时精确     理解和把握情态动词的基本用法格外重要。情态动词和虚拟语气在高考中的热点依次为：对过去的虚拟语气，尤其是“情态动词＋havedone”的考查频率较高；情态动词表推想和可能性；情态动词表示恳求、允许和承诺；以及情态动词的否定。要点储备一：情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法否定式例句can力量(体力、智力、技能)允许或许可(口语中常用)可能性(表猜想，用于否定句或疑问句中)确定句中表理论上的可能性，意为“有时会”Howcanitbethat从句？怎么会……？can'tbutdosth.＝can'thelpbutdosth.＝havetodosth.不得不做某事can't/cannever...enough再……也不为过can'thelpdoingsth./beingdone忍不住做cannot/cannot/can'tdoAblindmancan'tjudgecolors.—Couldyougivemeahandwiththebag？—Sure.Howcanitbethatheislateforsuchanimportantmeeting？Itcanbewarmhereinwinter.Ican'tbutcomplainabouttheservice.Youcan'tbecarefulenough.Wecouldn'thelplaughingatthejokes.couldcouldn'tdo不行能；不能；不行以may可以(问句中表示恳求)可能，或许(表推想)祝愿(用于倒装句中)may/mightaswelldo不妨做maywell(not)do很可能(不)做maynotdo—May/MightIuseyourcomputer?—Yes,youmay/can.(No,youmustn't/can't./I'mafraidnot.)Wemayaswellstayindoorstoday.Hemaywellrefusetotalktoyou.mightmightnotdo可能不会做must必需，应当(表主观要求)确定，想必(确定句中表推想)与if，how，why连用，表“非得要”mustnot/mustn'tdo禁止，不允许做—MustIhandinthepaper？—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't/don'thaveto./You'dbetternot.)Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.haveto只好，不得不(客观的必需，有时态人称变化)don'thavetodo没必要做Wedon'thavetogohomenow—it'sstillearly.oughtto应当(表示义务责任，口语中多用should)理该、按道理应当(表猜想)oughtnotto/oughtn'ttodo不应当做—Oughtwetoobservetherule？—Yes,weought.(No,weoughtn't.)shall将要，会(表时态意义，用于第一人称)用于一三人称表示征求对方意见(用于疑问句)用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威逼、决心、条约规定等(用于陈述句)shallnot/shan'tdo不会/不允许/不行以做Shalltheapplicantwaitoutside？Youshallleavetheroomatonceandsheshalltoo.YoushallhavethebookafterIreadit.should应当，应当(表义务责任)；理该会本该(含有责怪意味)；万一；竟然Why/Howshould...？表说话人对某事不理解，感到意外或惊异shouldnot/shouldn'tdo不应当做Youshouldcallhimandapologize.Suchagentlemanshouldbesorudetothelady.Whyshouldhebesolatetoday？will意愿，决心；习惯；客观趋势，临时起意恳求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉sth.won't/wouldn'tdo怎么也不……willnot/won'tdo—Will/Woulddomeafavor？—Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon't.)wouldwouldnot/wouldn'tdo不愿做；怎么也不做Shewilltakeawalkaftersupper.Thedoorwon'topen.dare敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中)darednotdosth.＝didn'tdare(to)dosth.darenot/daren'tdo不敢做Darehegooutaloneatnight？—Yes,hedare.(No,hedaren't.)need需要必需(常用于否定句和疑问句中)neednot/needn'tdo没必要做NeedItellhimthenews？—Yes,youmust./I'mafraidyouhaveto.(No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.)usedto过去经常(现在已不再)Thereusedtobe＋n.usednot/usedn't/didn'tusetodo过去不常做Usedhetosmoke？Yes,heused.(No,heuse(d)n't.)＝—Didheusetosmoke？—Yes,hedid.(No,hedidn't.)要点储备二：情态动词must,may,might,could,can表示推想1must＋be是推想现在存在的一般状态must＋bedoing推想可能正在进行的事情must＋havedone是推想可能已经发生过的事情。may,might,can用法相同must意为“确定，肯定”，语气强，只用于确定句中。留意其反义疑问：HemustbeamanfromAmerica,isn'the？Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend,isn'the？Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere,hasn't/didn'the？Youmothermusthavebeentoldaboutthetruthjustnow,wasn'tshe？2may和might意为“或许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握，可用于确定句和否定句Hemaynotbeathome.Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.3can和could意为“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can语气强，用于确定句、否定句、疑问句中Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.—Canhebeintheofficenow？—No,hecan'tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.要点储备三：情态动词＋havedone用法例句表推想时(陈述)：may/mighthavedonesth.(语气不愿定)过去可能做了某事can't/couldn'thavedonesth.(语气确定)过去不行能做了某事musthavedonesth.(语气确定)过去肯定做了某事shouldhavedonesth.应当已做完某事；竟然做了某事(表惊异)oughttohavedonesth.应当已做完某事Ididn'tseeMaryatthemeetingyesterday.—Shemighthavebeenill,Iguess.Thestreetsarealldry.Itcouldn'thaverainedduringthenight.Thestreetsareallwet;itmusthaverainedduringthenight.Ihardlyimaginesuchagentlemanshouldhavebeensorudetotheoldlady.TheyshouldhavearrivedinBeijingbythistime.表责怪时(虚拟)：mighthavedonesth.过去本可能做而未做couldhavedonesth.过去本能做而未做shouldhavedonesth.过去本该做而未做oughttohavedonesth.过去本应当做而未做区分：needn'thavedonesth.过去本不必做却做了didn'tneedtodosth.＝Itwasn'tnecessarytodosth.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,evenifhewasverybusy.—Didyoulistentothespeech？—No,wecouldhaveattendedit.Butwehadalotoftrafficonourway.Yourbrother'sfailedinEnglishagain.Yououghtto/shouldhavegivenhimmorehelp.—Mr.Smithdidn'tcomelastnight,didhe？—No.Weneedn'thavewaitedforhim.Awholenightwaswasted.—Sorry,sir.Ididn'tattendyesterday'smeeting.—Youdidn'tneedtocome.Actually,themeetingwascancelled.表意愿时(虚拟)：wouldhavedonesth.想做而未做，本可以做而未做某事wouldliketohavedonesth.想做而未做某事wouldratherhavedonesth.宁愿做某事而未做某事Iwouldliketohavegonetoyourhelp,butIwastoobusy.Thefilmwasabore.Iwouldratherhavestayedathome.表未曾实现的期望，打算、意图、诺言等：hadhoped/planned/...＋todo＝hoped/planned/...＋tohavedone＝should/wouldliketohavedone＝would(rather)havedone＝was/weretohavedonewasgoingto...本打算……Ifyouhadcomefiveminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenthefamousstar.Iwastohavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Ihadwantedtocomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Iwantedtohavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Iwouldliketohavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.＝Iwouldhavecomeyesterday,butmymotherfellill.要点储备四：虚拟语气类别用法例句if引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句谓语：过去式(be用were)主句谓语：should/would/could/might＋动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.与过去事实相反从句谓语：had＋过去分词主句谓语：should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.与将来事实相反从句谓语：过去式/should＋动词原形/were＋不定式主句谓语：should/would/could/might＋动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.if条件句的倒装省略如从句中含有had,were,should时，可把该词移至从句句首，同时省略ifIfIwereyou＝WereIyou,Iwouldtakethejob.错综虚拟如主从句中使用不同的时间状语，主从句的虚拟则要依据各自时间状语IfIhadstudiedmedicineincollege,Icouldhelpyounow.(should)＋dosth.类宾语从句advise，suggest,recommend,ask,demand,require,request,order,command,decide,insist,urge后接的宾语从句中谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可省略区分：Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill.Heinsistedhehaddonenothingwrongandthathe(should)besetfreeatonce.主语从句Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural/amazing＋that从句Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requested/arranged/decided＋that从句Itisapity/ashame/nowonder＋that从句(that从句中谓语为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.It'sapitythatwemissedsuchagoldenchance.It'sdemandedthathe(should)goatonce.表语从句主语是idea,suggestion,order,request,decision,urge等，其后的表语从句中谓语为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略Mysuggestionisthatheshouldbeoperatedonatonce.Theirdecisionisthattheybuyit.同位语从句以urge,idea,suggestion,order,request,decision等为先行词的同位语从句中，谓语为should＋动词原形，should可省略Imadeasuggestionthatheshouldbeoperatedonatonce.ThesuggestionImadeatthemeetingwasturneddown.wish类wish从句＝Ifonly从句一般过去时(对现在虚拟)过去完成时/couldhavedone(对过去虚拟)could/might/would＋dosth.(对将来虚拟)IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.Iwishhehadvisitedusthen.＝Ifonlyhehadvisitedusthen.“情态动词＋have(been)done”表对过去的虚拟详见要点储备三常见结构主语＋would/could/might/...havedone,but＋主语＋过去时；主语＋过去时，otherwise＋主语＋would/could/might/...havedonebutforsth.＝butthat＋主语＋过去时＝without＋n.＝ifithadnotbeenfor...,主语＋would/could/might/...havedone主语＋hadwanted/meant/intended/hoped/...,but＋主语＋过去时Iwouldhavegonetohelpyou,butIwastoobusy.＝Iwastoobusy,otherwiseIwouldhavegonetohelpyou.Butfortherain,Iwouldhavegonetothecinema.状语从句asif引导的状语从句中谓语用过去式或过去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.inorderthat/sothat引导的目的状语从句中谓语用“can/could/may/might/would/...＋动词原形”Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.其他句型中Itis(high/about)time＋that从句中谓语用过去式或“should＋动词原形”It'shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的从句中谓语用过去式或者过去完成式分别表对现在将来或对过去的虚拟Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.表祝愿Longlive＋主语！May＋主语＋动词原形！LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina！Mayyoubehappy！重点突破近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率基本稳定，但试题中的有效信息越来越隐蔽，情景越来越生动真实，考查的角度越来越微小。除了从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征外，能够精确     理解不怜悯态动词的微小差异，认真区分具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词的用法并在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征显得尤为重要。1.You________worryaboutmystudies—Iknowquiteclearlywhattodoatschool.A.shouldn'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.can't2.Itisrequiredbylawthatenoughevidence________toproveoneisinnocentofacrime.A.isprovidedB.hasbeenprovidedC.beprovidedD.havebeenprovided3.Beingconstantlyexposedtoadvertisementsisannoying,butit________bepleasantsometimes.A.shallB.needC.canD.must4.I'dliketoaskaquestionifI________．A.mustB.needC.willD.may5.—Wherehaveyoubeen?—I________intheheavytraffic.OtherwiseI________hereearlier.A.havegotstuck;wouldhavecomeB.gotstuck;wasC.gotstuck;wouldhavecomeD.hadtostick;wouldcome6.—It'ssocoldhere!Whynotclosethedoor?—Sorry.It________.I'llhaveitrepairedassoonaspossible.A.won'tshutB.won'tbeshutC.doesn'tshutD.isn'tshut7.Theupsetmotherthoughttoherself,“IfonlyI________what'sgoingoninmylittleboy'sheadrightnow.”A.hadknownB.knowC.knewD.haveknown8.—Where________Maryhaveputtheemptybottles?—She________themaway.Theymustbesomewhere.A.can;can'thavethrownB.must;needn'tC.must;musthavethrownD.can;mustn'thavethrown9.—IwonderifSuewillbeherebyfive.—Don'tworry!Shejustwenttocollectherkids.She________bebackbythen.A.shouldB.canC.wouldD.might10.You________usemybikeonconditionthatyougiveitbacktomebeforeIleavehere.A.shouldB.mustC.oughttoD.shall11.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuA.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will12.Ireallydon'tknowhowtothankyou,butforyourhelp,I________mylostnecklace.A.couldn'thavefoundB.shouldn'thavefoundC.wouldn'thavefoundD.needn'thavefound13.—Canyoucometoattendourpartytonight?—Sorry,butIdowishI________．A.hadB.canC.willD.could14.________he________methenewsyesterday,Iwouldbeatthepartynow.A.Should;tellB.Did;tellC.Had;toldD.Were;totell15.Itistimethatparents________moreabouttheirchildren'smentalhealth.A.cancareB.careC.mustcare