第十四讲(原题版)(外研版)

2021年新高二暑假精品课程之判断+巩固+娴熟+突破第十四讲【学习目标】1．科学回顾梳理高一学年所学所接触的重点难点词汇和短语，句型和句式，借助语篇结构的语言环境夯实基础，熟练把控语篇脉络和词汇记忆，进而实现词汇量的飞跃，且有助于答题技巧的熟练形成。2．借助宝贵的暑假时间，科学高效迎对新课，新知识，新语言现象，走近高考，从容应对和解决高中英语的基本技能，达到知识，能力和技巧的飞跃和突破。【梳理重难点】.重点词汇巧记忆一、根据要求写出单词的正确形式，扩大词汇量。1.勇敢的_____________2.明智的_____________3.健忘的_____________4.礼貌的_____________5.粗鲁的_____________6.温和的_____________7.沉默的_____________8.诚实的_____________9.谦虚的_____________10.自私的_____________11.愚蠢的_____________12.直接的_____________13.有天赋的_____________14.幽默的_____________15.体谅的_____________二、根据要求写出单词的正确形式1.pessimistic(反义词)______________2.negative(反义词)______________3.mean(反义词)______________4.rigid(反义词)______________5.dependent(反义词)______________根据所给汉语或首字母，写出单词的正确形式1.Hehasacheerfulbutquiet_____________(性格).2.Maryhasthe_____________(品质)ofhonestyandgenerosity.3.Peoplewithapositive_____________(态度)tolifeareadmirable.4.TVviolencemaycauseaggressive_____________(行为).5.Hewasknowntobeamanofgreat_____________(智慧).6.Youmusttrytobealittlemore_____________(实际的).7.Wearelookingforsomeonewhois_____________(可靠的)andhard-working.8.Youneedtobemore_____________(灵活的)andimaginativeinyourapproach.9.Itwas_____________(慷慨的)ofhimtooffertopayforusboth.10.Johnisa(n)_____________(善解人意的)andintelligentyoungman.11.Sheisovereighty,butisstill_____________(活跃的).12.Hewastoo_____________(倔强的)toadmitthathewaswrong.13.Kateisvery_____________(严格的)withherstudents.14.Sheisvery_____________(有耐心的)withyoungchildren.15.Heisquite_____________(自信的)abouthisownabilities.四、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空1.Hehastheability_____________(attract)clients.2.Shewasdetermined_____________(win).3.Itisbadmanners_____________(talk)withyourmouthfull.4.Shewasaccustomedto_____________(get)upearly.5.GraduallyMikelostthecourage_____________(speak)outaboutanything.【梳理重难点】根据语境做好判断，提升能力。选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空demanding,demanding,greedy,cautious,aggressive,ambitious,appropriate,ridiculous,mature,conservative,personality1.Heisavery_____________bosswhoisnevereasilysatisfied.2.Johnhasanice_____________andwealllikehim.3.Shedoesn’twanttogetintotrouble,sosheisalways_____________.4.Healwaysbecome_____________afterdrinkingalcohol.5.Don’tbeso_____________—you’vehadthreepiecesofcake.6.I’mvery_____________.Nothingmeansmoretomethanwinning.7.Thisfilmisnot_____________foryoungchildren.8.Isshe_____________enoughforsuchresponsibility.9.Heisa(n)_____________manwhoalwaysstickstotraditionalvalues.10.Helooked_____________inthathatwhichmadepeoplelaugh.选出适当的短语，并用其正确形式填空calm...down,calm...down,blame...for,makefunof,beresponsiblefor,growaccustomedto1.Hetookadeepbreathto________________himself________________.2.It’scruelto________________peoplewhoaredisabled.3.Manypeoplethinkparents________________theirchildren’sbadbehaviour.4.Youcanhardly________________him________________notwaiting.5.Myeyesslowly________________thedark.重难考点多维练阅读理解Theotherday,Iboughtanexpensiveanti－agingcreamthatpromisedtomakemyfacelookseveralyearsyoungerthanotherwomenbyfightingfreeradicals.Itmademecuriousaboutwhatfreeradicalsare.Istheanti－agingcreamtheonlywayIneedtoprotectmyself?“Asascientificterm,freeradicalsareessentiallyunstableatoms，”saysArizona­baseddoctor,NatashaBhuyan,M.D.“Inmedicine,theycausecellstobreakdownovertimeandarelinkedtoaging.”Asupersimplechemistryreviewforyou:Atomsfromdifferentelementsarethebuildingblocksthatmakeupwater,nitrogenandmore.Electrons(电子)arethenegativelychargedatoms,andtheyliketobeinpairs.Whenanelectronlosesitspartner,itcreatesafreeradical,whichisusuallyunstableandhighlyreactive.Freeradicalstypicallygothroughthebodytoseekoutareplacementfortheirmissingelectron,andthatcanresultindamagetocells,proteinsandDNA.Sohowdofreeradicalsformandwhydotheyhappen?Bhuyansays,“Scientifically,freeradicalsareunpairedelectronsthatareseekingamatetobondwith.Thetheorybehindfreeradicalsisthattheycanleadtotheimbalancebetweenfreeradicalsandantioxidants(抗氧化剂)．”Anothermini－sciencelessonforyou:Antioxidantsarenaturalormanmademattersthatcanhelpdelayorpreventsometypesofcelldamage.They'reoftenfoundinfruitsandvegetables.Alotoftheaspectsofmodernlife—ourdiet,lifestyleandenvironmentalfactorslikepollution,cancauseoxidativestress.Overtime,oxidativestressweakenscellandtissuesandcanleaveyoumoreeasilytocertainhealthissuesincludingcancer.And,asbeautymarketersarekeenlyaware,oxidativestresscanalsospeeduptheagingprocess.Nowthatyouknowfreeradicalscanweakenyourhealth,you'reprobablywonderingifthereareanywaystopreventthemfromformingoratleasttominimizetheirnegativeeffects.1．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph1?A．Explaintheprocessofaging.B．Statetheformationoffreeradicals.C．Introducethetopicoffreeradicals.D．Describetheharmofantiagingcream.2．Whichofthefollowingdofreeradicalsreferto?A．Unpairedelectrons.B．Steadyatoms.C．Replacementsofatoms.D．Functionsofelectrons.3．Whatcanwelearnaboutantioxidantsfromthetext?A．Theyhaveneverbeenfoundinnature.B．Theydoharmtocells,proteinsandDNA.C．Theycanslowdownthedamageofsomecells.D．Theyalwayskeepbalancewithfreeradicals.4．Whatwilltheauthorprobablytellusnext?A．Whatexactlyoxidativestressis.B．Howbeautymarketerspromotesales.C．Whereavarietyofdiseasescomefrom.D．Whetherfreeradicalscanbeprevented.七选五Chefstypicallytoss(抛)thefryingfoodintotheairfromdeep,roundedpansorwoksbeforecatchingitagain.Launchingriceanditsfixingsallowsacheftocookitoverreallyhotflameswithoutburning.Attimes,temperaturesinapancanreach1,200Celsius.__1__Scientistsfoundthatthechefsreliedonaspecificpatternofmotion.Andtheyrepeatedthosemotionsaboutthreetimesasecond.__2__Atthesametimethewokwasrockedtoandfro.Thechefsusedtheedgeofthestovetopasafulcrum(支点)onwhichtobalanceastheyrockedit.Chefsusesimilarlycomplexpatternsofmovementtocookupotherfoods.__3__Scientistsusedacomputertosimulate(模仿)thetracksofricethatwouldoccurinawokandmoveinvariousways.Alongtheway,thescientistshitonsomekeycookingtips.Therockingandslidingmotionsshouldn'tbedoneatthesametime.__4__Also,thewok'smovementsshouldrepeatrapidly.Movingthewokevenfastercouldlaunchthericehigher.Thatmightallowcookingathighertemperaturesandperhapsaquickermeal.__5__ChefsatChineserestaurantscanstrugglewithshoulderpain,studieshaveshown.Rapidlyshakingtheirheavywokscouldbepartoftheproblem.Onesolutionmightbeastir­fryingrobot.Itcouldbebuiltbasedontheirnewfoundresultstotaketheweightoffchefs'shoulders.A．Butfastershakingmaybehardonachef.B．Tomakefriedricelikeaprofessional,usescience.C．Iftheyare,thericewon'tmixwellandcouldburn.D．Eachrepetitionincludedslidingawokbackandforth.E．Cookingishardworkthatneedspatienceandperseverance.F．Thehightemperaturehelpscreatethetastieststir­friedfood.G．Theywillturnthepanquickly,forinstance,togetsmooth,flateggcakes.完形填空Atriptoabank'sATMmachineisusuallyacommonaffair.ButforJoseNunezRomaniz,his__1__onSundayisonethathewon't__2__fortherestofhislife.The19－year－oldcollegestudentwasmakinga__3__forMother'sDayonlinewhenhenoticedhisaccountbalance(存款余额)was__4__.Sohedrovetothenearestbanktodepositmoney.Littledidheknowthathewasabouttomakeanincredible__5__.Whenhearrived,Josenoticedaplasticbagonthegroundfilledwithcash,whichturnedouttobe$135，000.“WhenIfirstsawit,Iwasvery__6__，notknowingwhattodo，”JosetoldtheNewYorkTimes.Aftertakingamomentto__7__himself,Josecalledthepolice.Andthepolicesoondiscoveredthatthemoneyhad__8__beenleftbehindbyaworker__9__withrefillingtheATM.Thinkingthatitisthebiggestamountofmoneyeverfoundand__10__inAlbuquerquehistory,themayorandthepolicechiefheldaceremonytohonorJose's__11__.And,perhapsbestofall,thepolicechiefinvitedJoseto__12__ajobasapublicserviceaidforthedepartment__13__hisgraduation.ForJose,itwasthebestgiftforMother'sDay.“Mothercalledme__14__shealmoststartedcryingexcitedly...ShetoldmeIdidtherightthingandthatshewas__15__ofwhatIdid，”saidJose.A.plan B．experiment C.visit D．show2．A.enjoy B．forget C.imagine D．face3．A.purchase B．survey C.wish D．decision4．A.full B．clear C.inaccurate D．low5．A.offer B．promise C.profit D．discovery6．A.shocked B．amused C.excited D．satisfied7．A.teach B．disturb C.collect D．challenge8．A.carefully B．accidentally C.deliberately D．nervously9．A.continued B．charged C.armed D．tasked10．A.returned B．saved C.lost D．exchanged11．A.confidence B．honesty C.bravery D．appreciation12．A.holdup B．adaptto C.waitfor D．applyfor13．A.although B．before C.after D．until14．A.or B．and C.so D．but15．A.proud B．considerate C.worthy D．sure语法填空Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e­4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—__1__(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole­Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis__2__(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot__3__itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular__4__(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso__5__thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e­4__6__(find)and