英语(上海B卷)-2023年高考第一次模拟考试卷(考试版)A4

2023年高考英语第一次模拟考试卷高三英语（考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：115分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。GrammarSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DuFuisconsideredtobeoneofthe___1___(great)poetsoftheTangDynastyinChina.Hismotherdiedwhilehewasyoung,and___2___aunthelpedraisedhim.Thoughhestudiedforthecivilserviceexamtobecomeacivilservantlikehisfather,DuFufailed___3___(pass)andspentmanyyearstraveling.Hisearlypoemscombinedincidentsfromhistravels___4___thehardshipsheexperienced.DuFu___5___(appoint)registrar(登记员)intheprince’spalace,buttheAnLushanRebellion(叛乱)of755preventedhimfrom___6___(occupy)thepost.Therebellion,___7___lastedfornearlyeightyears,severelydisruptedChinesesociety.Intheseyears,heledahardlife,writingpoemsabouttheeventshewitnessed.DuFu___8___(final)movedtoSichuan,wherehelivedinacottageand___9___(write)manypoemsdescribinghisrelativelyhappylife.Hislastyearswerespentmovingfromplacetoplace,includingatwo-yearperiodatKuizhou.Heisdescribedasapoet-historian,andhisworksrecordmanypoliticalandsocial____10____(event).SectionBDirections:A．exploring

B．recognizing

C．visionary

D．specialized

E.referenceF.generated

K.distinguishing

G.relative

H.equivalent

I.tracedJ.functioningNobelPrizeAwardedtoSvantePaaboforDiscoveriesinEvolutionTheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewasawardedMondaytoSweden-borngeneticistSvantePaabo,__11__himfordiscoveriesrelatedtothegenomesofextincthumangroupsthatshedlightonthegeneticcharacteristicsuniquetopresent-dayhumans.ThecommitteesaidDr.Paabo,whosefatherwasalsoaNobellaureate,overcamechallengesinrecoveringandanalyzingancientDNAtosequencethegenomeoftheNeanderthal(尼安德特人).Healsodiscoveredapreviouslyunknownhuman__12__,calledtheDenisova.Sequencingthegenomesofextincthominins--agroupingofhumansthatincludespresent-daypeople,orHomosapiens,aswellascloserelativessuchasNeanderthalswhodiedoutmillenniaago--providedacrucial__13__pointforscientistsinunderstandingthegeneticdivergence(趋异)thatmakesHomosapiensunique,thecommitteesaid.Dr.Paabo’sworklaidthefoundationsforanewfieldofscienceknownaspaleo-genomics,ortheuseofgeneticanalysistoshedlightonhumanevolution.“Byrevealinggeneticdifferences__14__alllivinghumansfromextincthominins(古人类),hisdiscoveriesprovidethebasisfor__15__whatmakesusuniquelyhuman,”saidtheNobelcommittee.“He’satrue__16__andthisisverywell-deserved,”saidEdGreen,aprofessorofbio-molecularengineeringattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz.Dr.Paabo’sdiscoveriesalsolaidthegroundworkforresearchonhowancientgenesequencesfromextinctrelativesinfluencethe__17__ofpresent-dayhumans.Oneexampleisagenecommonamongpresent-dayTibetansthatmakesthosepeoplebetteradaptedtolifeathighaltitude.Itcanbe__18__totheDenisovangenome.TheNobelcommitteesaidDr.Paabo’sdiscoveries__19__anewunderstandingofhumanevolutionaryhistory,showingthatwhenHomosapiensmigratedoutofAfrica,atleasttwootherdistincthumanpopulationsinhabitedEurasia:NeanderthalsinthewesternpartandDenisovansintheeast.Homosapiensencounteredandinterbredwithboth.Dr.Paabowinsaprizeof10millionSwedishkroner,the__20__ReadingComprehension(21–35题，每题1分；36–50题，每题2分；共45分)SectionADirections:eachblankinthefollowingpassagemarkedB,CandD.ineachblankwiththeorphrasethatbestthecontext.Whenafamouscommentator(评论员)advisedgentlemenoverfiftygetaPSAtest,Icalledmydoctor’sofficeandmadea(n)____21____tohaveitdone.Tendayslater,Igotthebadresults:myprostate(前列腺)cancerwas____22____.Mydoctorexplainedtomethevarioustreatment____23____.Idecidedtohavetheprostateremovedandgetridofthecancer____24____,asithadnotspreadoutsidetheprostateyet.Mysurgerywassuccessfulandallthecancerhadbeen____25____.Thenextday,Iwas____26____fromthehospitalwithpost-operativeinstructionsanddirections.Isoonlearnedthatallthebodyfunctionswereworking____27____andmyPSAlevelwaszero.Onemorningshortlythereafter,mywifeandI____28____asignbytheroadrequesting____29____forSuncoastHospiceofFlorida.Wedecideditwastimetogivebackforourgood______30______.Aftersixinformativeclasses,webecamevolunteersforSuncoastHospice.Aftersavingmyself,itwasnowtimetohelpothersbyregularlyvisitingnursing-home______31______.Now,yearslater,Iamstillcancer-free,andwearestillhospicevolunteers.OurdaysvolunteeringforSuncoastHospicehavebeenvery______32______forus.Ourfirstfewvisitswithanursing-homeresidentaretogivehim/hera(n)______33______togettoknowus.Sometimes,ourvisitswiththeresidentareveryshort,butsometimestheyarequite______34______.ThelicenseplateonthefrontofmycarisfromSuncoastHospice,whichreads,“EveryDay’sa______35______.”21．A．appointment B．response C．decision D．order22．A．planned B．announced C．treated D．decided23．A．purposes B．instruments C．options D．outcomes24．A．entirely B．gradually C．partly D．properly25．A．treated B．developed C．removed D．controlled26．A．driven B．separated C．prevented D．released27．A．terribly B．smoothly C．quickly D．carefully28．A．designed B．inspected C．painted D．spotted29．A．volunteers B．doctors C．nurses D．directors30．A．fortune B．cure C．medicine D．care31．A．applicants B．guards C．patients D．surgeons32．A．comfortable B．rewarding C．efficient D．generous33．A．address B．method C．example D．opportunity34．A．remarkable B．limited C．long D．endless35．A．Dream B．Routine C．Holiday D．GiftSectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）ThisHalloween,scareoffevilspiritswhileprotectingtheearth!1.Createhome-madecostumesApartfromthefactthatthey’reexpensive,flammableandmostlyunoriginal,shopboughtHalloweenoutfitsareaterrificburdenontheenvironment.Fromthemuch-too-highamountofwaterthatisusedtocreatethemtothesevenmillioncostumesthatwillbethrownstraightintothebin,andthemicrofibresreleasedintothewaterfromtheonesthatdogetwashedtherearePLENTYofreasonsagainstshopbuying.Andlet’sbefrank,home-madecostumesarefarmoreuniqueandfuntocreate.Forthescariestcostumewecouldpossiblyimagine,whynotdressupastheearthonfire?2.BeconsideratewithyourpumpkinsPumpkinsareawonderfulHalloweentraditionbutcanbemoredamagingtotheenvironmentthanyou’doriginallythink.Harmfulpesticidesandfertilizersareusedduringfarmingandthenatureoftheirlarge-scaleproductionmeanstheycanbetransportedovervastdistancesSimilarly,howyoudisposeofthemonceyou’redonedetermineshowbiganimpacttheyhave.Don’tlettheirdeliciousinnardsgotowasteandinsteadmakeayummypumpkintreat,evengosofarastosavethepumpkinseedseitherforyouorthebirds.Then,onceyourcarvedpumpkinispastit’sbest,makesuretocompost(制成堆肥)itratherthanthrowingitinthebin-thiswillpreventthereleaseofmethaneasitbreaksdown.3.ScareyourselfsillyathomeRatherthantravellingtofar-flungplaces,keepthefrightsclosertohome.Halloweenpartytogeteveryonetogetherandencouragecar-poolingortheuseofpublictransport.ReadscarystoriesandcreateaHalloweenhuntinyourgardenforchildrentorunaroundandfindtreats.4.Makeyourowntrick-or-treatinggoodiesIfyou’vetakenontheAmericantraditionoftrick-or-treating,whynotwhipupafewHalloweentreatsofyourown?Apartfrombeingtastierandmorefuntolookat,they’llalsoreduceyourconsumptionofpackagingandlikelywillhavealowercarbonfootprint.Suggesttoanyneighboursthattheymightdothesame,andifyougotrick-or-treatingyourself,besuretouseareusablecarrier.36．WhatcanwedotohelptheenvironmentduringtheHalloweenaccordingtothepassage?A．Makinguseofthepumpkininnardstomakefertilizersforyourgarden.B．Goingtothelocalshoptobuysomecostumesandrecyclingthemafterusing.C．ThrowingaHalloweenpartywithyourfriendsoutoftown.D．Invitingyourneighborstotasteyourhome-madetreats.37．Whatimpactsofthetraditionofpumpkinsarenotmentionedinthepassage?A．Harmfulpesticides. B．Highcarbonfootprint.C．Damagetobirds. D．Harmfulgasemission.38．Whichoneofthefollowingtitlessuitsthepassagebest?A．WhattodotocelebratetheHalloweentraditionallyB．Whyisitimportanttohaveaneco-friendlyHalloweenC．HowtohaveaHalloweenbeneficialtotheenvironmentD．HowtocelebratetheHalloweentocheeryourselfup（B）Sneakershavealwaysbeenpopularbeyondtheiruseinsports.It’sbecausetheshoesarecomfortable,andpeoplewearthemjustaboutanywhere,atleastuntiltheystarttolookwornout.Nowacompanyismakingsneakersthatwillneverlookwornout.ThesportsshoesarethebrainchildofnotedsneakerfanJimmyFallonandthestreetwearbrand,MSCHF.TheseGobstomperskatingsneakersaredesignedtoreveallayers(层)ofcolorasyouwearthem.Themoreyouwearthesneakers,themorecolorfulanduniquetheshoesbecome.AccordingtotheIndependent,theshoeswerenamedaftertheGobstoppercandywhichrevealsdifferentlayersofcolorthelongeryoulick(舔)it.Thesneakers,whicharemadeforskating,startoutwithaplaingray.Astheshoesweardown,thelayersofblue,yellowandredarerevealedinpatternsdeterminedbythewearandtear.“Somethingwesayalotisthatwemakeaspecialpairofsneakersforpeopletowear,”saysDanielGreenberg,theco-founderandchiefrevenueofficerofMSCHF.“Wewantyoutobeatitup,scuff(磨损)itanddestroyit.Andthatactuallymakesitbetter.Ifyoukeepitclean,it’sstillfine,butit’sjustgoingtobegray.”Soifyou’rethetypeofpersonwholovesthingsthatchangecolor,thesearethesneakersforyou.Butthisfootwearisn’tcheap,accordingtothecompanywebsite.Ontheotherhand,theseareshoesthatyoucanwearforalongtimebecausescuffingonlyaddstotheshoes’appeal.ThemakingoftheGobstomperfootweartakesaspecialkindofmindtotakeanegativecharacteristic—thetendencyforsneakerstogetscuffed—andturnitintosomethingcolorfulanduniqueforpeopletoenjoy.Itisalsoageneralreminderthatevenifsomethinghasbecomeworndown,itdoesn’tmeanit’suselessorevenugly.Thereisbeautyinthebreakdown.39．WhyarethesneakersnamedaftertheGobstoppercandy?A．Theybelongtothesamecompany. B．Theyhavesimilardesignprinciples.C．Theylookcolorfulinthebeginning. D．TheyarebothJimmyFallon’sfavorites.40．WhatdoesDanielGreenbergexpectwearerstodowiththesneakers?A．Keepthemgray. B．Keepthemclean.C．Wearthemdown. D．Wearthemcarefully.41．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Reasonsforthepopularityofthesneakers.B．Unavoidabledisadvantagesofthesneakers.C．Doubtsaboutthebeautyofthesneakers.D．Creativethinkingbehindthesneakers.42．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．NewSneakersAretheLastShoesYouNeedtoBuyB．NewSneakersGetWell-KnownforTheirUglyBeautyC．NewSneakersAreMoreComfortablethanOldOnesD．NewSneakersBecomeColorfulafterBeingScuffed（C）InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOSarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10best-sellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.Theblood-typebeliefhasbeenusedinunusualways.ThewomensoftballteamthatwongoldforJapanattheBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomizetrainingforeachplayer.Somekindergartenshaveadoptedteachingmethodsalongbloodgrouplines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignmentsbasedonanemployee’sbloodtype.In1990,MitsubishiElectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedtheformationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thanksto“theirabilitytomakeplans”.Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.OneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB．In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB．Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.43．What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A．ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.B．TheJapaneseattachgreatimportancetobloodtype.C．TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype.D．TheJapanesethinkbloodtypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.44．WhichbloodtypecanweinferistheLEASTfavoredinJapan?A．TypeO. B．TypeA． C．TypeB． D．TypeAB．45．WhydidRyuMatsumotoresignfromoffice?A．Becauseherevealedhisrival’sbloodtype.B．BecausehewasseenbehavingrudelyonTV.C．Becausehewasdiscriminatedagainstbyothers.D．Becauseheblamedhisfailingsonlocalofficials.46．Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardtheblood-typebeliefinJapan?A．Negative. B．Defensive. C．Objective. D．Encouraging.SectionCDirections:thefollowingpassages.ineachblankwithasentenceintheEachsentencebethatsentencesneed.Gardenrecyclingisagreatwaytohelptheenvironmentwhilesavingmoneyandsparking(激发)theimagination.Thereareseveralwaystorecycleinthegarden;forinstance,bycreatinguniquegardenartfromeverydayitems.____47____However,inkeepingwithgreenerliving,gardenrecyclinghasrecentlybecomemorepopular.Thereareseveralbenefitstogardenrecycling,themostcommonofwhichissavingtheenvironment.Reusingeverydayitemshelpskeeptrashoutoflandfills(垃圾填埋场).Recyclingmaterialsinthegardenisalsolessexpensiveandwithcreativity,makingeverygardenunique.Fromsimplehouseholditemstojunkyardcastawaysorantiques,would-beartpiecesareallaroundus.Inordertoensureitemsforgardenrecyclingharmonizewithintheirnewsetting,ithelpstoconsiderhoweachfitsintothesurroundingsbeforehand.____48____Oneofthemostpopularwaystogardenrecycleisbyreusingoldobjectsasgardenart.Nearlyanyobjecthaspotentialfortransformationintothegardenorelsewhere.____49____Fromvariousmetalobjectslikebedframes,bicyclesandgatestoaluminumwashtubsandtirerims,thereispotentialforsculptures,trellises,flowercontainersandotherinterestingfocalpoints.There’saplaceforeverythinginthegarden.Fountains,ponds,andotherwaterfeaturescanbemadeeasilyfromfoundobjects.____50____Turnanoldmailboxintoabirdhouse.Transformaslightlychippedflowerpotintoafrogshelter.Createbirdbathsfromdishes.Justaboutanythingimaginablecanbetransformedintoacontainerbysimplyaddingdrainage(排水)holes.Fromtubs,baskets,boots,andeventoys,whenitcomestogardenrecycling,thepossibilitiesareendless.A．Trytousepiecesthatshareasimilarstyleormaterialandrepeattheseitemsinthegarden.B．WildlifeshelterscanalsobeincludedingardenrecyclingC．Reusenewspaperforcreatingflowerbeds,andeggcartonsforseedtrays.D．Indeed,reusingoldobjectsorwastematerialsinthegardenisnothingnew.E．Justaswithgardenart,therecanbeamassofuseswhengardenrecycling.F．Withalittlecreativity,youcanturnanotherwiseuselessitemintoaone-of-a-kindpieceofart.SummaryWriting(10分)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Schoolisagreatnewadventureformostchildren,andplayisoneofthekeystoworkingouthowtogetalongwithothersandhowtofitin.It’salsocentraltoyourchild’soveralldevelopment.Yourchildwillgrowanddevelopalotat6～9years.Youcanhelpthisprocessjustbyplayingwithyourchild.Forexample,playandgameswithsimplerulescanhelpyourchildgetusedtothemoreformallearningstructuresthatheorshe’llexperienceatschool.Thiskindofplayalsoteachesyourchildabouttakingturns,whichisimportantformakingandkeepingfriends.Atthisage,yourchildmightdevelopnewhobbiesandintereststhroughplay.Forexample,yourchildmightstarttoreadmoreandreallyenjoybooksandmagazinesaboutthingsthatinteresthim—motorbikes,horsesandmore.Thesekindsofactivitiesencourageyourchildtokeepfollowinghisowninterestsandlearnforhimself.Whenitcomestoplayandyourschool-agechild,keepthefocusonhavingagoodtime,ratherthanonlearning.Letyourchildtaketheleadwithplayandlearnsomeexperiencesnaturallywhenplayisfun.Eventhoughyourchildwillprobablyenjoythenewadventureofschool,he’llstillneedyourguidanceandsupporttodealwithanyworriesorconcernsthatcomeup.Playingwithyourchildwillhelpkeepthelinesofcommunicationopen.Playingwithyourchildcankeepyouclose,especiallyasyourchildgetsolderandstartstoenjoybeingindependent.Bynineyears,yourchildmighthaveformedspecialfriendshipswithoneortwootherchildren,probablyofthesamegender.Thesefriendsmightbeveryimportanttoyourschool-agechildbutyourchildstillneedsyou,yoursupportandlove.Playingwithyourchild—likekickingafootyinthebackyardorcookingtogether—canhelptostrengthenyourrelationship.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________