《IT专业英语》课件UNIT20

UNIT20

MobileBroadband(MBB)Technologies

20-1TechnicalPart20-2ReadingMaterial

20-1TechnicalPart

20-1-1Definition

MobilebroadbandisthemarketingtermforwirelessInternetaccessthroughaportablemodem,mobilephone(called“cellphones”inNorthAmericaandSouthAfrica),USBWirelessModem,orothermobiledevices.20-1-2Introductions

WiththearrivalofnewGSMmobilecommunications,wirelessmobiledatatelecommunicationprogressivelyappliesinmoreandmorefields.AccordingtodatafromtheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion,mobilebroadbandpenetrationworldwidewasabout65percenthigherthanfixedbroadbandpenetrationin2010,butitwas1,400percenthigherinAfricancountries.

Abarriertomobilebroadbandwasthecoveragethemobilephonenetworkscanprovide.Inmanyareascustomerswillnotbeabletoachievethespeedsadvertisedduetomobiledatacoveragelimitations.Inaddition,thereareissueswithconnectivity,networkcapacity,applicationquality,andmobilenetworkoperators'overallinexperiencewithdatatraffic.

Demandfromemergingmarketsfueledgrowthinmobilebroadband.Withoutawidespreadfixedlineinfrastructure,manyemergingmarketsleapfrogdevelopedmarketsandusemobilebroadbandtechnologiestodeliverhigh-speedinternetaccesstothemassmarket.

Mobileinternet,whichhadjustbeenadistantdreamtillafewyearsago,isprogressingsofasttodaythatitisrevolutionizingtheentireframeworkofcommunicationtechnologytoday.Mobileinternetisbasicallyanextensionoftheinternetonmobiledeviceswhichallowstheuserstoaccessinternetevenwhiletheyareonamove.Itisshowingsomekindsofsmartdevicesinfigure20-1.Figure20-1Somemodernsmartphones

Mobileinternetisalotmorethanthat.Itisanintegrationoftelecommunicationtechnologiesandinternetinsuchawaythatitprovidessolutionstoalltypesofcommunicationrequirementsofmantoday.Withtheamountofprogresswhichhasbeenachievedinwirelesstechnology,sophisticatedsoftwareandhardwaredesign,thewaywecommunicatehaschangedinquiteamajorway.

Inthelastfewyears,notonlyhastheuseofcellphonesincreasedinquiteadramaticway,butthewaythatpeopleprefertocommunicateandstayintouchwiththeworldhaschangedtoo.Peopletodayarealwaysonthemove,andforthisreason,thebestwaytostayintouchwithothersisthroughmobileinternet.Today,withhightechnologycellphoneswhichsupportnumerousinternetfunctions,peopleareusingtheirfavoritesocialnetworkingsiteslikeFacebookandTwitterwhiletheyareonthemoveaswecanseeinFigure20-2.

TheglobalthirdGenerationPartnershipProject(3GPP)familyofstandardswhichincludesGSM,EDGE,WCDMA,HSPAandLTEisthemostwidespreadwaytodelivermobilebroadband.3GPPstandardsareservingabout90percentoftheworld’smobilesubscribers.Figure20-2Usefulapplicationsinsamrtphones

Mobilebroadbandsubscribershit500millionin2010,attheendof2011Ericssonpredicteditwillbedoubledtoabillion.400millioncomefromAsiaPacificregion,followedbyNorthAmericaandWesternEuropewithmorethan200millionsubscriptionseach.

IntheUnitedKingdom,asteeringgroupknownasDigitalBritainwassetup,withtheaimofpromotingdigitaltelecommunicationsinOctober2008.Theconclusionofthesteeringgroupwasarecommendationthatthegovernmenttookup,namelytohave100%broadbandcoverage,withaminimumspeedof2MbpsintheUnitedKingdombytheyear2012.Mobile“broadband” using3Gisnownotexpectedtobeabletoensure2Mbit/sbroadbandcoveragetothemoreremoteareasoftheUKascoverageistoopoorandcontentiontoohigh.20-1-3ApplicationCaseorExample

3Gnetworkshavetakenthisapproachtoahigherlevel,usingdifferentunderlyingtechnologybutthesameprinciples.Theyroutinelyprovidespeedsover300kbit/s.Duetothenowincreasedinternetspeed;internetconnectionsharingviaWLANhasbecomeaworkablereality.Deviceswhichallowinternetconnectionsharingorothertypesofroutingoncellularnetworksarecalledalsocellularrouters.

Afurtherevolutionisthe3.5GtechnologyHSDPA,whichprovidesspeedsofmultipleMegabitspersecond.Severalofthemobilenetworkoperatorsthatprovide3Gorfasterwirelessinternetaccessofferplansandwirelessmodemsthatenablecomputerstoconnecttoandaccesstheinternet.ThesewirelessmodemsaretypicallyintheformofasmallUSBbaseddeviceorasmall,portablemobilehotspotthatactsasaWiFiaccesspoint(hotspot)toenablemultipledevicestoconnecttotheinternet.WiMAXbasedservicesthatprovidehighspeedwirelessinternetaccessareavailableinsomecountriesandalsorelyonwirelessmodemsthatconnecttotheprovider’swirelessnetwork.

Mobilephones,smartphones,andPDAscanbeemployedasdatamodemstoformawirelessaccesspointconnectingapersonalcomputertotheInternet(orsomeproprietarynetwork).Inthisusethemobilephoneisprovidingagatewaybetweenthecellularserviceprovider’sdatanetworktechnologyandPoint-to-PointProtocol(PPP)spokenbyPCs.

AlmostallcurrentmobilephonemodelssupporttheHayescommandset,astandardmethodofcontrollingmodems.TothePC,thephoneappearslikeanexternalmodemwhenconnectedviaserialcable,USB,IrDAinfraredorBluetoothwireless.Somecellularprovidersforbidthiskindofusage,orchargeanextrafee.

WirelessFireWire,USBandSerialmodemsarealsousedintheWi-FiandWiMAXstandards,operatingatmicrowavefrequencies,togivealaptop,PDAordesktopcomputeranaccesspointtoanetwork.ThemodemsmaybeaslargeasaregularcablemodemtoassmallasadongleorUSB-stick.IfcombinedwithVoiceoverIP(VoIP)technology,thesecomputingdevicescanmakeandreceivetelephonecalls.Figure20-3Wirelessmodemforinternet

PCMCIA,ExpressCardandCompactFlashmodemswerealsoused.Thesecard-modemscouldalsohaveGPSincluded.Figure20-3showthewirelessrouterforbrowseinternet.

20-2ReadingMaterial

20-2-1ReadingComprehension

MobileBroadbandTechnology-SpeedOntheGo

Mobilebroadbandtechnologyisthenextgenerationevolutionwhichchangedthewayhowwecommunicated.Basically,withthehelpofmobilebroadband,thecomputeruserscansurftheinternet,sendandreceiveemailfromanywheretheylikeevenoutsidetheirhome.

Mobilebroadbandworksonthesametechnologyonwhichcellphoneswork.Itisallabouttheradiofrequenciesandwaves.Thecellphoneradiotowersandcellphonessendpacketsofinformationbackandforththroughradiowaves.Forcellphonebroadband,theinformationpacketscanbedatalikestreamingvideo,musicfiles,webpagesande-mails.

Basically,therearetwotechnologieswhichareusedtooperatethenetworksofcellphones-CDMA(Codedivisionmultipleaccess)andGSM(GlobalSystemformobilecommunications).GSMisquitepopularinAsiaandEuropewhileCDMAispopularintheUS.Therearequitemajordifferencesbetweenthesesystemsandthewaythattheyoperate.Bothoftheseusedifferenttypesofalgorithmswhichallowseveralcellphoneuserstosharethesamefrequencywithoutinterferingtheusageofothers.

Mobilebroadbandisknownasthirdgenerationmobiletechnologyor3G.CDMAandGSMbothhavetheir3Gtechnologysolutionsforallowinguserstodeliverhighspeedaccesstotheinternetonmobiledevices.

Mobileinternetandbroadbandtechnologyisthenewtrendincellphoneusers.Peopleprefertolistentomusic,watchvideos,sendandreceiveemailsandcommunicatetoeachotherwhiletheyareonthemove,andtobeabletodothattheyneedmobilebroadbandormobileinternet.Withsomanypeoplehookedontothevirtualworldandthemobiletechnologies,thereisnodoubtthattherewouldstillbemanymoredevelopmentsinthisfield.

Inthepast15years,theinternethasfundamentallychangedthewaywework,playandcommunicate.Evolvingwirelessandmobilebroadbandtechnologiesarenowenablingthenextmajorwave—theMobileInternet.Thenext-generationMobileInternetwillenableconsumersandbusinessestoconnectandaccessnewtypesofapplicationsandnewformsofinformationwhereverandwhenevertheywant.ThedevelopmentofthisnewMobileInternetmarketplacehasjustbegun.

Inthenextdecade,theexpansionoftheMobileInternet

willlikelybethefastestgrowingmarketplaceinthetelecommunicationsindustry.

Words&Expressions

evolutionn.演变；进化论；进展

broadbandn.宽频；宽波段

frequencien.频率(frequency的复数形式)；频数分析；次数分配表

streamingn.流；(英)按能力分组

v.流动(stream的ing形式)

multipleadj.多重的；多样的；许多的

algorithmsn.算法；算法式(algorithm的复数)

frequencyn.频率；频繁

virtualadj.虚拟的；[物]有效的；实质上的，事实上的

fundamentallyadv.根本地，从根本上；基础地

wirelessn.无线电

applicationsn.应用；应用程序；应用软件(application的复数)

formsn.表格(form的复数形式)；表单；窗体

marketplacen.市场；商场；市集

expansionn.膨胀；阐述；扩张物

industry.n.勤劳，勤奋；孜孜不倦；[总称]工业(指区别于农业)

usagen.使用；用法；惯例

interferingadj.干涉的；多管闲事的

v.妨碍(interfer的ing形式)20-2-2Exercises

I. MultipleChoices.

1. Mobilebroadbandisallabout_________.

A. Electricity

B. the

radio

frequencies

C. Waves

D. medium

2.For

cell

phone

broadband,

the

information

packets

can

be

data

like____.

A. streaming

video

B. music

files

C. web

pages

D. e-mails

3. What

is

the

new

trend

in

cell

phone

users?

A. Lowcost.

B. Mobile

internet.

C. Advertisingeffect.

D. Broadband

technology.

4. Whichofthebelowdescriptionof

Mobile

internet

and

broadband

technologyisNOTCORRECTaccordingthepassage?

A. Many

people

don’tliketohooked

on

to

the

virtual

world

and

the

mobile

technologies.

B. Itwould

still

be

many

more

developments

in

this

field.

C. Peopleprefertolistentomusic,watchvideos,sendandreceiveemailsbymobilebroadbandormobileinternet.

D. Mobileinternetandbroadbandhelppeoplecommunicatetoeachotherwhiletheyareonthemove.

5. WhichofthebelowdescriptionisNOTCORRECTaccordingthe

passage?

A. Inthepast15years,theinternethasfundamentallychangedthewaywework,playandcommunicate.

B. Thenext-generationMobileInternetwillenableconsumersandbusinessestoconnectandaccessnewtypesofappli