第12讲-Unit-4单词词组短语知识点讲解(选修第一册)(原卷版)

第12讲Unit4单词词组短语知识点讲解1．了解本单元的单词和词组等重要语言点。2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。1.varyvi.(根据情况)变化；改变※Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.(教材典句)与口语一样,身势语也因文化不同而存在差异。※Thecolouroftheinsectvarieswiththeseason.这种昆虫的颜色随季节而改变。※(2020·天津高考)Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.饭店可以随着菜单上各种食物的选择而提供音乐的选择,这就允许顾客们更加自如地掌控他们就餐的氛围。※(2020·浙江高考)However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.然而,各种各样的类型都被呈现在这里。[知识拓展](1)varyinsth. 在某方面不同varywithsth. 随……而变化varybetween...and...＝varyfrom...to... 由……到……情况不等(2)varietyn. 变化；种类；多样性avarietyof＝varietiesof 许多的；各种各样的(3)variousadj. 各种各样的[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①Thestudents'workvariesconsiderablyquality.②Pricesvarythetypeoftheroomyourequire.③Opinionsonthismattervarygreatlyfrompersontoperson.④由于各种原因，我不愿见他。,I'dprefernottomeethim.＝,I'dprefernottomeethim.＝,I'dprefernottomeethim.2.approvevi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过(教材P38)Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。(1)vt.批准；通过（计划、要求等）Congressapprovedthebudget.国会批准了该预算。Thecitycouncilapprovedthebuildingplan.市议会批准了这项建筑计划。(2)vi.赞成；同意。Doyouapproveofmyidea?你同意我的想法吗？Youmadeawisedecision,andIthoroughlyapprovedofit.你做出了一个明智的决定，我完全赞同。Iamafraidyourparentswon'tapproveofyourmarryinghim.我恐怕你的父母不会赞成你和他结婚。※Whydon’tyouapproveofmetakingpartinthehobbygroup?(话题典句)你为什么不同意我加入兴趣小组?※Thedecision,madebyBoeing’sboard,followsthenewslastweekthattheFederalAviationAdministrationwouldnotapproveofresumedflightsofthe737MAXairplanesbefore2020.(时事典句)波音董事会是在上周曝出美国联邦航空管理局2020年前不会批准737MAX喷气式客机复飞的消息后做出这项决定的。※TheNationalAnthemLaw,approvedin2017,statesthatthenationalanthemshouldbeplayedandsungatprimaryandmiddleschoolsnationwide.2017年通过的《国歌法》规定,全国中小学应当组织学生奏唱国歌。※Newpublicopinionpollsshowthepresident’sapprovalratingatitslowestpointsincehetookoffice.新的民意调查显示总统的支持率跌到了他就职以来的最低点。[知识拓展](1)approveof(doing)sth.赞成/同意(做)某事approveofsb./one'sdoingsth.同意某人做某事(2)approvaln.赞许；赞成；同意；批准【注意】表达“赞成/同意某人做某事”不能用approvesb.todosth.,因为approve作“同意；赞成”讲时是不及物动词，所以应该用approveofsb./one'sdoingsth.，其中介词of后是v.­ing的复合结构。[词块]approveanewpolicy批准一项新政策approveoftheplan赞成这个计划win/earnsb.'sapproval赢得某人的同意/赞许[名师点津]英语中有很多动词加al变为名词形式,常见的有:approve→approvalsurvive→survivalarrive→arrivalrefuse→refusal（1）练基础：单句语法填空①Iapproveofyour(try)tomakesomemoney,butpleasedon'tneglectyourstudies.②Itfoundmanyyoungstersmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublic(approve)theygotonline.③Doyouapprovetheideathatsuccesscanbemeasuredintermsofmoneyalone?（2）练能力：完成句子他在学校表现出色，希望以此得到父母的赞许。④Bydoingwellatschoolhehopedto.3.differvi.不同于；相异(1)vi.有区别；与……相同；不同于。民身人个一民医费人育，Hishousediffersfrommineinhavingnogarage.他的房子和我的不同，区别在于没有车库。(2)vi.(人）看法不同；与…意见不同。Thetwosidesinthedisputestilldifferwitheachotheroverthequestionofpay.争执的双方在报酬问题上仍各持己见。※AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishdifferinsomesmallways.美式英语和英式英语在一些细节上有差别。※Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?在拼图游戏中男孩和女孩有着怎样的不同呢?※Butsomepeopledifferwithusonthatquestion.(话题典句)但是有些人在那个问题上和我们意见不同。※(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobsIwouldliketodo.自从我是个孩子的时候,我就考虑我喜欢做的各种工作。[知识拓展](1)differin在……方面不同differfrom与……不同(2)differencen.不同之处makeadifference(to...)(对……)起作用；(对……)有影响(3)differentadj.不同的bedifferentfrom...in...在……方面与……不同(4)differentlyadv.不同地[词块]differintheirattitudestowardsfailure他们对失败持有不同的态度differgreatlyincharacter性格迥异（1）练基础：单句语法填空①(2020·天津卷)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethe(different)betweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance—curiosityanddiscontent.②Eventhoughwecompletelydifferfromeachothercharacter,wearestillgreatfriends.③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberof(differ)techniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.（2）练能力：完成句子我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。④Iholdthefirmbeliefthatifeveryonemakesalittleeffort,wecan.4.employvt.使用;应用;雇用派生:employern.雇主employeen.雇员employmentn.雇用※Theboyemployedapentoopenthepackageinsteadofaknife.男孩用钢笔而不是用小刀来打开包裹。※Forthepastthreeyears,hehasbeenemployedasafirefighter.在过去的三年里,他一直被聘为消防员。※(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法自20世纪80年代中期才开始使用。※Shehasemployedherselfinmakingpreparationsforthemeetingallthemorning.整个上午她一直忙于会议的准备工作。※(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you’llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.当你的员工们开始把微笑的表情符号加到他们的商业交流中去时,你就会知道你已经成功地改进了你们的工作文化。考点必记(1)employsb雇用某人(2)employeen.雇员employern.雇主(3)employmentn.使用;职业;雇用unemploymentn.失业跟踪训练1.Anumberofpeoplehavebeenemployed________(deal)withthework2.Itrequiresnotrainingbefore______________(employ)3.The____________(employ)ofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehis__________(employ)enjoytheirwork.5.favourvt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n．帮助；恩惠；赞同※Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.(教材典句)在其他地方,人们见面时更喜欢握手、深鞠躬或者点头。※Thewarmclimatefavoursmanytypesoftropicalplants.温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。※Thevotesaretotallyinherfavour.投票结果完全对她有利。※Manypeopleareinfavourofabanonsmokinginpublic.许多人赞成在公共场所禁烟。※DomeafavourandturntheradiodownwhileIamonthephone,willyou?帮我个忙,在我打电话时把收音机的声音调小一点好吗?[知识拓展](1)asksb.afavour＝askafavourofsb.请某人帮忙doafavourforsb.＝dosb.afavour给某人以恩惠；帮助某人infavourof支持；赞同(2)favourableadj.赞成的；有利的(3)favouriteadj.最喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人(或事物)[词块]wintheteacher'sfavour赢得老师的好感fortunefavoursthebold/brave天佑勇者favouryourproposal赞成你的建议使用favour构成的短语时需注意其中有无冠词。Couldyoudomeafavourandturnoffthatlight?你能帮我个忙，把那盏灯关掉好吗？-CanIaskafavourofyou?我可以请你帮个忙吗？—Sure,whatcanIdoforyou?当然（可以）,我能为你做什么呢？Iaminfavourofgoingtothemoviesonweekends.我赞成周末去看电影。Thedelayofthematchmaybeinourfavour.比赛推迟或许对我们有利。Thevotewas60:59inhisfavour.投票结果是60:59,他占优势。Fortunefavoursthosewhousetheirjudgement.机遇偏爱善断之人。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①MostofthemwereinfavourmyopinionwhileDavidwasagainstit.②Theexchangerateisourfavourforthetimebeing.③今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？CouldyouandpickupSamfromschooltoday?＝CouldyouandpickupSamfromschooltoday?④我想请你帮忙，你能把你的电话借给我吗？Iwantto;willyoulendmeyourcellphone?＝Iwantto；willyoulendmeyourcellphone?[图形助记]6.breakdown消除；分解；打破(1)(机器）损坏；破坏；出故障。为不及物动词短语。Thecarbrokedownonhiswayhome.在他回家的路上汽车坏了。Themachinebrokedownatthisbusyhour.正忙的时候机器出了故障。(2)(讨论、谈判等）失败。为不及物动词短语。Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.据新闻报道两国的和谈失败，未达成任何协议。(3)(健康或精神等方面）垮掉；崩溃。为不及物动词短语。Hishealthhasbrokendownbecauseofthepressureofwork.由于工作压力，他的身体垮下来了。(4)(化合物等）使分解。为及物动词短语。Foodisbrokendowninthestomach.食物在胃里被分解。※Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.(教材典句)微笑能消除隔阂。※Hiscarbrokedownhalfwaythedaybeforeyesterday.前天他的轿车半路上抛锚了。※Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。※Sugarisbrokendowninthestomach.糖在胃中被分解。[知识拓展]breakawayfrom 脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规breakin 闯入；强行进入breakout 突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态)breakup 打碎；分裂；解体；解散[即学即练]——完成句子①他的车在路上出故障了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。Hiscarontheway,andthatwaswhyhewaslateforthemeeting.②这个女孩挣脱她妈妈，跑了。Thegirlhermotherandranaway.③这个乐队大约在1970年解散，但是令人高兴的是，到了20世纪80年代中期他们再次相聚。Thebandabout1970,buthappilytheyreunitedinthemid­1980s.④在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。Somethingunexpectedalwaysinthisarea.⑤为了很快地进入着火的房子，消防队员拆了那面墙。Thefiremeninordertogainquickaccesstothebuildingonfire.7.witnessvt.当场看到；目击；见证n．目击者；证人※InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.(教材典句)在日本,看到有人使用这个手势的人可能认为它是“钱”的意思。※(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.然而,在目睹他们的母亲赢得学位的过程中孩子们已经学到了重要的一课。※Onewitnesstotheaccidentsaidthedriverappearedtobedrunk.那起事故的一个目击者说司机好像喝醉了。※Mycoworkerscangivewitnesstomyhonesty.我的同事都能为我的诚实作证。[知识拓展](1)witnesssth. 目击了某事witnessto(doing)sth. 证实，证明(做)某事witnessfor 为……作证(2)beawitnesstosth. 是某事的证据/证人bear/givewitnessto 做……的证人；为……作证（1）练基础：单句语法填空①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)LastSunday(witness)anextraordinarycross­countryrunningrace,whichnearlydrewtheattentionofeverystudentandteacherofourschool.②(witness)thoughthewasdeadbuthewokeup20minuteslater,lyinginmuddywater.③Hisgoodhealthisawitnessthesuccessofthetreatment.（2）练能力：词汇升级(普通表达)Whenhewalkedoutofthepark,theoldmansawtheroadaccident.④(高级表达)Whenhewalkedoutofthepark,theoldmantheroadaccident.[图形助记]8.reliableadj.可信赖的；可靠的Whichisamorereliableguideforunderstandingsomeone'sfeelings，theirbodylanguageorthewordstheyspeak?哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受：是肢体语言还是他们说的语言？[例1]Ithasahighlyreliablecontrolsystem.它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。[例2]He'sagoodmusicianandtotallyreliable．他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。[知识拓展](1)areliablefriend 可靠的朋友bereliableas 作为……是可靠的(2)relyv. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠relyon/upon 依靠；依赖relyonitthat... 相信[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Thisstatementisnotreliableevidence.②Itwouldbebettertorelyourselvesthanonothers.③Youmayrelyonthathewillhelpyou.④那个年轻人诚实，且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他很可靠。Theyoungmanishonest,cooperative,andisalwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,．[小片段填空]Theland,theessentialmeansofproduction,isthemostlivingsecuritythatthepeasantscan．土地作为基本的生产资料，是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。occupyvt.占据;占用※Withtheirchinsontheirhands,theyoccupythemselvesbystaringoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.(教材典句)他们双手托着下巴,很专注地盯着窗外或天花板。※Helenwasfullyoccupiedlookingaftertwochildren.照顾两个孩子使海伦忙得不可开交。※(2020·天津高考)Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.它鼓励我们占领自己的小角落,避免愚蠢地跳进黑暗中,去自我满足。※Pleasestateyourname,ageandoccupationbelow.请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。【词组】(1)occupyoneselfwithsth./indoingsth.忙于……；专心于……(2)occupiedadj.忙于……的；从事……的；已被占用的；被占领的beoccupiedindoingsth.忙于做某事beoccupiedwithsth.从事/忙于某事(3)occupationn.占领；职业；工作【注意】“忙于做某事”的其他表达方式有：bebusywithsth./(in)doingsth.，beemployedwithsth./(in)doingsth.，beengagedinsth.。[词块]occupyhalfofthetime占用了一半的时间occupyherselfwithroutineofficetasks她忙于办公室的日常工作（1）练基础：单句语法填空①I'veinventedagamethatwillkeepthekids(occupy)forhours.②(天津卷)Withthecollegeentranceexaminationdrawingnear,Iamoccupied