Unit-1-People-of-Achievement-A卷知识通关练(解析版)

选择性必修Book1Unit1PeopleofAchievementA卷·知识通关练一、词汇与短语I.重点词汇默写1.cruciala.至关重要的;关键性的2.malarian.疟疾3.vitaladj必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的4.committedadj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的5.commitv.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于;全心全意投入6.commitoneselftodo承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等7.academicadj.学业的;学术的8.objectiven.目标;目的adj.客观的9.botanicaladj.植物学的10.evaluatevt.评价;评估11.propertyn.性质;特征;财产12.distinctadj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的13.extractn.提取物;摘录vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出14.obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得;贏得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行15.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢16.defeatn.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜17.analysev.分析18.apparentlyadv.显而易见;看来;显然19.insistvi.＆vt.坚持;坚决要求II.拓展词汇变形1.committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitvt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→commitmentn.投入；承诺2．conclusionn.结论；推论→concludev.下结论；得出结论3．acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgmentn.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢4．gentleadj.温柔的；文静的→gentlyadv.温柔地；温和地5．boilvt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸腾；沸点→boiledadj.煮开的→boilingadj.沸腾的6．remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的→remarkablyadv.惊人地→remarkv．&n.谈论；评论7．consequencen.结果；后果→consequentadj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequentlyadv.结果；因此8．evaluatevt.评价；评估→evaluationn.评价；评估9.apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然→apparentadj.显而易见的；明显的10．graduallyadv.逐渐地；逐步地→gradualadj.逐渐的11．analysevt.分析→analystn.分析师；分析家→n.分析→(pl.)analyses12．scientificadj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientificallyadv.合乎科学地→sciencen.科学→scientistn.科学家13．vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的→adv.极其14．theoryn.理论；学说→theoreticaladj.理论上的15．novelistn.小说家→noveln.(长篇)小说16．politiciann.从政者；政治家；政客→politicsn.政治→politicaladj.与政治有关的17．relativityn.相对论；相对性→relativeadj.相对的n.亲戚→relatev.叙述；使有联系；有关联18.infervt.推断；推定→inferencen.推断；推论→/inferred/inferring(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)19．passionn.酷爱；激情→passionateadj.热情的；狂热的20．academyn.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academicadj.学业的；学术的→academicallyadv.学业上；学术上21.botanicaladj.植物学的→botanyn.植物学22．objectiven.目标；目的adj.客观的→objectn.物体v.反对→(反)subjectiveadj.主观的23．distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinctiveadj.独特的；特别的；有特色的→distinctionn.清楚；清晰III.核心短语互译1.makeadiscovery

做出发现2.payattentionto

注意;重视3.formabetterimpressionof

形成更好的印象4.beawardedtosb.

被授予给…5.leadto

导致；通向6.hundredsofthousandsof

几十万；无数7.millionsof

成千上万的...；无数的...8.diefrom

死于；因…而死9.becomeavitalpartof

成为…的重要组成部分10.graduatefrom

从…毕业11.formateamof

组成…的团队12.withtheobjectiveof(doing)

以(做)…为目的13.inthebeginning

开始，开端；起初14.becometheheadof

成为…的首领/负责人15.inthefightagainst

在与…对抗/斗争中16.suggestdoingsth

建议做某事17.extractfrom

从…提取/摘录18.acollectionof

一批，一些19.trydoingsth

尝试做某事20.getstuck

进入僵局,被卡住21.acknowledgedefeat

承认失败，服输22.bychance

偶然；意外地23.drawout

抽出，提取24.insistedondoingsth

坚持做某事25.testthemedicineonsb

在某人身上试验这种药26.makesure

确信；证实27.accordingto

根据，按照；取决于；据…所说28.teameffort

团队合作，团队努力的结果29.otherthan

除了；不同于30.relateto

涉及，有关IV.根据汉语提示用本单元词汇的正确形式填空Faradaywastheinventor(invent)oftheelectricgeneratorandelectricmotor.Faraday’sfathersufferedfromlongtimehealthproblems，asaresultofwhichhisfamilyhadlittlemoneytoaffordhisformalschooling.Buthewascuriousanddeterminedtolearn.Whileworking(work)inLondonasateenager，hehadachancetoreadvarious(vary)booksthathecouldgethishandson.In1812，heattendedfourlecturesattheRoyalInstitutiongivenbyafamouschemistnamedHumphreyDavy.AyearlaterFaradaywasaccepted

(accept)asDavy’slabassistant.DavyalsotookFaradayonan18monthtourofEurope，whereFaradaymetsomeofthemostfamousscientistsoftheday.ButforDavy，Faraday

wouldhavelost(lose)theopportunitytogainacompletescientificeducation.Hesoonbegantodoexperiments(experiment)withelectricity.In1831，hediscoveredelectromagneticinduction.AndforthenexteightyearsFaradayworkedlonghoursinthelab，whichdidharmtohishealth.Bytheendofthedecadehewasinsuchpoorhealththathisresearchdidnotbeginagainuntil1845.Inthemid1850s，hewasforcedtoretireandhelivedatHamptonCourtuntilhisdeathonAugust25,1867.二、句式与篇章I.教材原句补全1.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法，屠呦呦入选首批研究人员。2.Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.通过研究，他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。3.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.Theirprojectgotstuck.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.之后他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。4.

AccordingtoTuYouyou,thediscoveryofartemisininwasateameffort.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,

“Thehonorisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry.ThissuccessprovesthegreatvalueoftraditionalChinesemedicine.ItisindeedanhonorforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.据屠呦呦所说，青蒿素的发现式团队共同努力的结果。获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民。这项成功印证了传统中医药的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。”II.单句语法填空1．ItoccurredtomethatIcouldaskmycousintohelpmeobtain(获得)avisa.2．Sheacknowledged(承认)havingbeencheatedinthemarket.3．Itisdifficulttoevaluate(评估)thedamagetothisvillage.4．Hesitsdownandanalyses(分析)whyshefeelssoupset.5．Hepaused，apparently(显然地)lostinthoughtstaringatthebook.6．She

insists（坚持）thatIgotothelibrarywithher.7．Althoughhiswifeisyoung，shehasmadewonderfulscientific

（科学的）discoveries.8．Readingisofvital（必要的）importanceinlanguagelearning.9．Hecaresabout（关心）nobodybuthimselfinthetriptoQingdao.10．Agroupofthievesrobbedthebankofmillionsof（百万）dollars.11．Manypeople_diedfrom（死于）cholerainEuropeinthelastcentury.12．Onemaymakeamistakebychance（偶然）butonecan’tmakemistakesallhislife.13．Ithinkitisunwisethatthecompanyinsistson（坚持）thehighprice.14．Sheiscommittedto（专注于）thecareofthepatients.15．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief_beingcaught

_(catch)．16．Hewasapparently(apparent)muchsurprisedatthenews.17．Ourleaderinsistedthatwe(should)carry(carry)itout.18．Someofthepeopleinvited(invite)tothepartycouldn’tcome.19．Helearnedthedistinctions

_(distinct)betweengoldandlead.20．Thismaterialisveryrareandisalsohardtoobtain

(obtain)．21．Theoldmanismorethanourteacher；he’salsoourfriend.22．Scientific_(science)researchshowsthatwomentendtosurvivetheirhusbandsby5－10years.23．ZhangGuimei,acommittededucator,committedherselftoeducation.Hercommitmentwaspraisedbypeople.(commit)24．HeacknowledgedthatTomhadhelpedhimalotsohewrotealetterinacknowledgementofhishelp.(acknowledge)25．Asachild,heshowedgreatinterestinscienceandwantedtobeascientist.Nowheiscommittedtodoingscientificresearches.(science)26．Theyconcludedthatthenewvirusism