专题09-文化教育篇(解析版)

专题09文化教育篇Text81（2022秋·江苏徐州·高一统考期末）Asyouprobablyknow,learningaforeignlanguageissometimeschallenging.Butitcanalsobefun.Wespendhundredsofhoursatschooltryingtogetourtonguesrounddifferentvocabularyandgrammarinordertoearnaqualification.Butlearningtospeakasecondlanguageismorethanjustpassinganexam-itopensdoorstonewopportunities,helpsyoutocommunicatewithothersandmakestravellingoverseasmoresatisfactory.ItmightcomeasasurprisethatthenumberofteenagerslearningforeignlanguagesinUKsecondaryschoolshasdroppedby45%sincetheturnofthemillennium.GermanandFrenchhavefallenthemost-theselanguagesfromtwooftheUK’sclosesttradingpartnershavedeclinedatGCSElevel.AnothersurveyofsecondaryschoolssuggestsathirdofstudentshavedroppedatleastonelanguagefromtheirGCSEexamoptions.Therearesomereasonsforthis,includingmanystudents’opinionthatlanguagesaredifficult.Othershavequestionedtheneedforasecondlanguagewhentranslationtechnologyisadvancing.MatthewFell,chiefUKpolicydirectorforbusinessgrouptheCBI,believesthat“Thedeclineinlanguagelearninginschoolsmustbereversed,orelsetheUKwillbelesscompetitivegloballyandyoungpeoplelesspreparedforthemodernworld.”Butevenforthosewhoareeagertostudyanotherlanguage,theopportunityisbeingreduced.InScotland,forexample,foreignlanguagesubjectsarebeingpressedoutofmanysecondaryschooltimetableswithsomeheadteachersblamingpressureonthecurriculum.However,somenativeEnglishspeakershaveadmittedthebenefitsofspeakinganothertongue.CassandraScott,fromEdinburgh,studiedthreelanguagesinherfinalyearatschool.SheisnowafreelancetranslatorinEdinburgh,andsays“Learninglanguagesatschoolreallysetthecourseformycareer.”1．Howdoestheauthorshowthefactthatfewerpeoplehavelearnedforeignlanguages?A．Byofferingbackgroundinformation.B．Bygivingspecificexamples.C．Byanalyzingunderlyingreasons.D．Byshowingpersonalresearch.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reversed”inparagraph3mean?A．Developedrapidly.B．Pushedquickly.C．Changedcompletely.D．Maintainedproperly.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Afulfillingoverseastravelrequiresanotherforeignlanguage.B．Learninglanguagesatschoolmaycontributetoone’sfuturecareer.C．NativeEnglishspeakersbenefitmorefromspeakinganothertongue.D．Withthetranslationtechnology,there’snoneedtolearnforeignlanguages.4．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tocriticizepeople’signoranceofforeignlanguages.B．Tostressthesignificanceoflearningforeignlanguages.C．Tostatetheresultofdroppinglearningforeignlanguages.D．Toraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingnativelanguages.【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过具体事例说明了学习外语的重要性。1．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段前三句“ItmightcomeasasurprisethatthenumberofteenagerslearningforeignlanguagesinUKsecondaryschoolshasdroppedby45%sincetheturnofthemillennium.GermanandFrenchhavefallenthemost-theselanguagesfromtwooftheUK’sclosesttradingpartnershavedeclinedatGCSElevel.AnothersurveyofsecondaryschoolssuggestsathirdofstudentshavedroppedatleastonelanguagefromtheirGCSEexamoptions.(自千禧年以来，在英国中学学习外语的青少年人数下降了45%，这可能令人惊讶。德语和法语作为英国最亲密的两个贸易伙伴的语言，是下降最多的语言。另一项针对中学的调查显示，三分之一的学生在GCSE考试中至少放弃了一门语言)”可知，作者通过举例说明了学习外语的人变少了。故选B。2．【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句的后半句“orelsetheUKwillbelesscompetitivegloballyandyoungpeoplelesspreparedforthemodernworld.(否则英国的全球竞争力将降低，年轻人面对现代世界的准备也将不充分)”可推知，如果学习外语人数减少的状况得不到改变的话就会导致这样的后果，由此可推知，划线词reversed与C项Changedcompletely“完全改变”表达的意思相近。故选C。3．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“SheisnowafreelancetranslatorinEdinburgh,andsays“Learninglanguagesatschoolreallysetthecourseformycareer.”(她现在是爱丁堡的一名自由译者，她说：“在学校学习外语真的为我的职业生涯定下了方向。”)”可知，学习外语对一个人的职业生涯是有帮助的。故选B。4．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“MatthewFell,chiefUKpolicydirectorforbusinessgrouptheCBI,believesthat“Thedeclineinlanguagelearninginschoolsmustbereversed,orelsetheUKwillbelesscompetitivegloballyandyoungpeoplelesspreparedforthemodernworld.”(英国工商界联合会（CBI）英国首席政策总监MatthewFell认为，“必须扭转学校语言学习下降的趋势，否则英国的全球竞争力将降低，年轻人面对现代世界的准备也将不充分。”)”及最后一段最后一句“SheisnowafreelancetranslatorinEdinburgh,andsays“Learninglanguagesatschoolreallysetthecourseformycareer.”(她现在是爱丁堡的一名自由译者，她说：“在学校学习语言真的为我的职业生涯定下了方向。”)”可知，作者引用别人的话以说明学习外语的重要性，因此本文的目的是为了强调学习外语的重要性。故选B。Text832（2022秋·河北石家庄·高一石家庄一中校考阶段练习）Beingateenagercanbehard,foryouhavetofacealotofdifficultproblems,butanewprogramcalledNfusionisworkinghardtohelpteenswithmentalhealthneeds.Nfusiongivesteenagersclasseswheretheystudyordiscusssometroublingsubjects.Drugsandbullying(欺凌)arejustafewofthetopicsthatarediscussedduringtheclassonSaturday.“Ihadabadattitude,”said17-year-oldTiteanaDavis.DaviswentthroughtheNfusionProgramlastyear.Theteen,whooncehadtroublewithherattitudetowardsothers,saystheprogramhaschangedherlife,“Theytaughtmethatabadattitudeisnotgoingtogetyouanywhere.Itdoesn’tmatterifotherpeopletreatyouwrong;youstilltreatthemhowyouwanttobetreatedandithelpedmealot”saidDavis.Nfusionisanewprogramthatmeetsteens’mentalhealthneedsandprovideshelpfortheirfamilies.Theprogramisdesignedtohelpteensaged14-21livethroughadifficultperiod.“They’restillgrowing,stilldevelopingandstilltherearealotofthingstheydon’tknowhowtoaddress.Sothisisagoodprogramforthemtobeapartof,”saidLakichaJernigan,whoworkedfortheNfusionProgram.TeenslikeDavisarejustafewwhohavecomethroughtheprogramsuccessfully.Now,thankstoNfusion,Davissaysshe’slookingforwardtoabrightfuture.“AfterIgraduatefromcollege,IwanttoworkataprimaryschoolandIwanttobeasecond-gradeteacher,”addedDavis.NfusionisaSystemofCareinitiative(倡议)andisworkingwiththeMississippiTransitionalOutreachProject,aprojectoftheMississippiDepartmentofMentalHealth.TheSystemofCareprovidescommunity-basedservicestohelpyouthwithseriousmentalhealthneedsandtheirfamilies.5．What’sthepurposeofNfusion?A．Toprovideteenswithsomeprograms.B．Tohelpteensfightforabettercareer.C．Tohelpteensreceiveagoodeducation.D．Tomeetthementalhealthneedsofteens.6．WhatcanweknowaboutTiteanaDavisbeforeNfusion?A．Shedidn’tgotoschoolasoftenasherparentsexpectedherto.B．Sheoftenhadfightswithherclassmatesandneighbors.C．Shedidn’ttakearightattitudetowardspeoplearoundher.D．Sheoftenforgotthingsandmisunderstoodherparents.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“address”inParagraph3mean?A．Lookfor. B．Dealwith.C．Cutout. D．Learnfrom.8．WhathappenedtoDavisaftergoingthroughNfusion?A．Shebecameateacher. B．SheworkedforNfusion.C．Shewentbacktoschool. D．Shegotalongwithothers.【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是一个帮助青少年解决精神健康问题的名为Nfusion的组织，它给青少年提供研究和讨论自己问题的平台，并有青少年谈了自己从中获益的经历。5．【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Beingateenagercanbehard,foryouhavetofacealotofdifficultproblems,butanewprogramcalledNfusionisworkinghardtohelpteenswithmentalhealthneeds.(作为一名青少年可能很艰难，因为你必须面对很多难题，但一个名为Nfusion的新项目正在努力帮助有心理健康需求的青少年。)”可知，Nfusion的目的是满足青少年的心理健康需求，故选D。6．【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的““Ihadabadattitude,”said17-year-oldTiteanaDavis.DaviswentthroughtheNfusionProgramlastyear.Theteen,whooncehadtroublewithherattitudetowardsothers,saystheprogramhaschangedherlife,“Theytaughtmethatabadattitudeisnotgoingtogetyouanywhere.Itdoesn’tmatterifotherpeopletreatyouwrong;youstilltreatthemhowyouwanttobetreatedandithelpedmealot”saidDavis.(17岁的TiteanaDavis说：“我的态度很糟糕。”Davis去年参加了Nfusion项目。这位曾经对自己对待他人的态度有问题的少女说，这个项目改变了她的生活。“他们告诉我，坏的态度不会让你有任何成就。别人是否对你不好并不重要；你仍然以你想要的方式对待他们，这对我帮助很大。”Davis说。)”可知，TiteanaDavis在Nfusion之前对待周围的人没有采取正确的态度。故选C。7．【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Nfusionisanewprogramthatmeetsteens’mentalhealthneedsandprovideshelpfortheirfamilies.Theprogramisdesignedtohelpteensaged14-21livethroughadifficultperiod.(Nfusion是一个新项目，旨在满足青少年的心理健康需求，并为他们的家庭提供帮助。该项目旨在帮助14-21岁的青少年度过困难时期。)”和“They’restillgrowing,stilldevelopingandstilltherearealotofthingstheydon’tknowhowto(他们还在成长，还在发展，还有很多事情他们不知道怎么)”可知，青少年还在成长，面对困难，很多事情他们不知道怎么处理，划线词所在句子表示“他们还在成长，还在发展，还有很多事情他们不知道怎么处理”，因此划线词address的意思是“处理，解决”，和dealwith意思相近，故选B。8．【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theteen,whooncehadtroublewithherattitudetowardsothers(这个少女，曾经对别人的态度有问题)”和倒数第二段的“TeenslikeDavisarejustafewwhohavecomethroughtheprogramsuccessfully.Now,thankstoNfusion,Davissaysshe’slookingforwardtoabrightfuture.(像Davis这样的青少年只是成功完成该项目的少数人。现在，多亏了Nfusion，Davis说她期待着一个光明的未来。)”可知，Davis参加Nfusion后和别人相处得很好，故选D。Text83（2023秋·北京房山·高一统考期末）Therehasrecentlybeenalotofargumentsabouthomework.Asateacher,Istronglybelieveinthebenefitsofqualityhomework.Besidespreparingstudentsforuniversitylife,itteachesimportantlifeskillsthatwillbenefitstudentsfortherestoftheirlives.Somepeoplearguethathomeworkiscausingstressanddepressiontoriseinchildren.Buttoblamehomeworkforthesehealthproblemsiswrong.Socialpressurescausemorestressforteenagersthanhomework.Ifpeoplearereallyconcernedaboutthehealthofstudents,theywouldspendmoretimesolvingtheproblemsthatcausepressureinschoolsratherthancomplainingabouthomework.Inaddition,thosewhoareopposedtohomeworkbelievethatstudentsenduphatingthetimespentinsteadofenjoyinglearning.However,theproblemisthetypeofhomeworkbeingassigned(布置).Itisthequalitynotquantity(数量)ofhomeworkthatwillimprovestudents’learningandtheirenjoyment.Repetitiveworksheetswherestudentsmemorizehistoricaldatesandnamesorsolvemathproblemsoverandoveragainarelessbeneficialthanmorecreativeproject-basedhomework.Primarystudentswilleventuallybeinmiddleandhighschoolwherehomeworkwillbeassigned.Iftheyhavenopreparationinprimaryschools,theywillhavethestressofsuddenlytryingtoadjusttolifewithhomeworklater.Theimportantthingistoassignjustenoughhomeworktohelpstudentslearn.Infact,homeworkallowsparentstobeawareofwhattheirchildisdoingatschoolandhowwelltheiracademicandthinkingskillsaredeveloping.Iftheynoticethattheirchildistakinganunreasonableamountoftimecompletingtheirhomework,parentscancalltheteacher’sattentiontotheproblem.Finally,homeworkhelpstoteachstudentsimportantstudyandlifeskillsthatwillsetthemupforfuturesuccess.Theylearnhowtomanagetheirtimesothattheycanfinishtheirhomeworkandotheractivities.Attimes,theymightstruggletocompletethehomework,butbyworkingthroughit,theylearnnottogiveup.Theseareskillsthatwillnotonlybenefitthemintheiracademiclifebutintheiradultlivesaswell.Weshouldrecognizequalityhomeworkcanhelptoshowchildrentheconnectionbetweenwhattheyarelearninginschoolandhowitcanbeappliedoutsideofschools,anditshouldallowthestudentstohavefunwhiledoingit.Learningshouldnotonlybecontainedwithinaclassroom;itshouldbeextendedtoallareasofourlives.9．Accordingtothepassage,qualityhomeworkcan________.A．onlybeassignedathighschoolB．causepressurestoriseinteenagersC．haveinfluenceonstudentsinmanywaysD．drawparents’attentiontotheproblemsitbrings10．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardshomeworkinprimaryschool?A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“opposedto”inParagraph3mean?A．Against. B．Worriedabout. C．Tiredof. D．Favor.12．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PressuresCausedbyHomeworkB．TheBenefitsofQualityHomeworkC．QualityandQuantityofHomeworkD．DifferentOpinionsaboutHomework【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了有些人不赞成家庭作业的看法，但作者认为家庭作业有好处。9．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Asateacher,Istronglybelieveinthebenefitsofqualityhomework.Besidespreparingstudentsforuniversitylife,itteachesimportantlifeskillsthatwillbenefitstudentsfortherestoftheirlives.(作为一名教师，我坚信高质量作业的好处。除了为学生准备大学生活，它还教授重要的生活技能，这些技能将使学生终生受益)”和最后一段中的“Weshouldrecognizequalityhomeworkcanhelptoshowchildrentheconnectionbetweenwhattheyarelearninginschoolandhowitcanbeappliedoutsideofschools(我们应该认识到，高质量的家庭作业有助于向孩子们展示他们在学校学习的内容与如何在校外应用之间的联系)”可知，高质量的作业可以在许多方面对学生产生积极影响。故选C项。10．【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。由第四段中的“Primarystudentswilleventuallybeinmiddleandhighschoolwherehomeworkwillbeassigned.Iftheyhavenopreparationinprimaryschools,theywillhavethestressofsuddenlytryingtoadjusttolifewithhomeworklater.Theimportantthingistoassignjustenoughhomeworktohelpstudentslearn.(小学生最终会进入初中和高中，到那时会有家庭作业。如果他们在小学没有准备，他们会有突然试图适应生活的家庭作业的压力。重要的是布置足够的家庭作业来帮助学生学习)”可知，作者认为家庭作业能帮助学生学习，而且如果小学生到了初高中才接触家庭作业，他们会有压力，可得出作者支持小学生有家庭作业。故选A项。11．【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。由第三段中的“Inaddition,thosewhoareopposedtohomeworkbelievethatstudentsenduphatingthetimespentinsteadofenjoyinglearning.(此外，那些opposedto家庭作业的人认为，学生最终讨厌花在学习上的时间，而不是享受学习)”可知，有些人认为学生会因为家庭作业讨厌学习，可得出这些人应该是不赞成有家庭作业的，opposedto意为“反对（Against）”。故选A项。12．【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。第一段首句“Therehasrecentlybeenalotofargumentsabouthomework.(最近有很多关于家庭作业的争论)”总起全文，第一段还陈述了作者对高质量家庭作业的观点，第二三段陈述了各方反对家庭作业的观点，第四至最后一段陈述了作者赞成有家庭作业的观点，可得出D项“关于家庭作业的不同看法”可概括全文，可为标题。故选D项。Text84（2022秋·山西·高一校联考期中）TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestarereallydifferentfromeachotheralot.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparateonesonthewhole.Theorigin(起源)oftheEasterncultureismainlyfromtwocountries:ChinaandIndia.Bothofthetwoculturesaredevelopedbyrivers-theYellowRiverinChinaandtheHinduRiverinIndia.Theyhelpedthetwoculturesdevelopforcenturiesandformtheirownstyles.WhenthetwomotherriversgavebirthtotheEasternculture,anotherfamousculturewasupontheMesopotamianPlain—theMesopotamianCivilization.ThiscivilizationlaterondevelopedintotheculturesofAncientGreeceandAncientRome.AndthesetwoarewellknownasthebaseoftheEuropeanculture.LiketheChineseculture,theEuropeanculturealsocrossedwaters.WhentheBritishsettleddowninAmerica,theirculturewentwiththemovertheAtlanticOcean.SotheAmericanculturedoesn’thavemuchdifferencefromtheEuropeanculture.Atthesametime,someotherdifferencesaddtotheculturaldifferences.Takethelanguagesystemforexample.IntheEast,mostlanguagesbelongtothepictographic(象形文字的)languagewhiletheWesternlanguagesaremostlybasedontheLatinsystem.Othercauseslikehumanracedifferencescountaswell.Butwhat’smore,duetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandthewest,thetwoculturesseldomcommunicateduntilrecentcenturies.Sotheygrewuptotallyintheirownwayswithalmostnointerference(干预)fromtheother.Thedifferencesareeverywhere.Theyareobviousandmakepeople’swaysofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworlddifferent.Butdifferentculturesmaketheworldof21stcenturymorecolorful.Theculturaldifferenceshouldnotbetheobstacle(障碍)tothecivilizationofhumanbeing.Itoughttobethedrivingforceofourgoingfarther.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“civilization”meaninparagraph3?A．Aparticularabilityortypeofability.B．Asocietywithitscultureanditswayoflife.C．Theprocessofteaching,trainingandlearning.D．Theartofplanning,designing,andconstructingbuildings.14．Whydidthetwoculturesseldomcommunicateuntilrecentcenturies?A．Peopleatedifferentkindsoffood.B．Thereweretwolanguagesystems.C．TheEastandtheWestaretoofaraway.D．People’shabitsandtraditionsarenotsimilar.15．Whatisthe.lastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Benefitsofculturaldifferences.B．Disadvantagesofculturaldifferences.C．Drivingforceofpeople’sgoingfarther.D．Wavestomaketheworldmorecolorful.16．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhatcausesdifferentlifebetweenEastandWestB．WhatcausesdietdifferencesbetweenEastandWestC．WhatcausesdifferentviewsbetweenEastandWestD．WhatcausesculturaldifferencesbetweenEastandWest【答案】13．B

14．C

15．A

16．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了东西方文化的不同是因为文化系统在整体上是两个独立的系统。东方文化源自于中国和印度，而西方文化源自于古希腊罗马。语言等也造就了文化差异。13．词句猜测题。根据指代关系和第三段“WhenthetwomotherriversgavebirthtotheEasternculture,anotherfamousculturewasupontheMesopotamianPlain—theMesopotamianCivilization.ThiscivilizationlaterondevelopedintotheculturesofAncientGreeceandAncientRome.(在这两条母亲河孕育东方文化的同时，另一种著名的文化也在两河平原上兴起——两河文明。这种civilization后来发展成为古希腊和古罗马文化)”中“This”可知，“Thiscivilization”即上文所述在两河平原上兴起的两河文明。结合常识可知，两河文明是两河流域孕育的人类文明，即一个有自己文化和生活方式的社会。故选B项。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Butwhat’smore,duetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandthewest,thetwoculturesseldomcommunicateduntilrecentcenturies.(但更重要的是，由于东西方之间的距离遥远和陡峭的地区，两种文化直到最近几个世纪才有很少的交流)”可知，因为东方和西方太远了，所以直到最近几个世纪才有很少的交流。故选C项。15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Thedifferencesareeverywhere.Theyareobviousandmakepeople’swaysofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworlddifferent.Butdifferentculturesmaketheworldof21stcenturymorecolorful.Theculturaldifferenceshouldnotbetheobstacletothecivilizationofhumanbeing.Itoughttobethedrivingforceofourgoingfarther.(差异无处不在。它们是显而易见的，并使人们的思维方式和他们对世界的看法不同。但是不同的文化使21世纪的世界更加丰富多彩。文化差异不应成为人类文明的障碍。它应该成为我们走得更远的动力)”可知，最后一段主要讲文化差异的好处。故选A项。16．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestarereallydifferentfromeachotheralot.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparateonesonthewhole.(东方和西方的文化真的有很大的不同。这是因为文化系统在整体上是两个独立的系统)”以及倒数第二段中“Atthesametime,someotherdifferencesaddtotheculturaldifferences.(与此同时，一些其他的差异增加了文化差异)”可知，本文主要讲是什么导致了东方和西方的文化有不同，所以D项“WhatcausesculturaldifferencesbetweenEastandWest(是什么导致了东西方的文化差异)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。Text85（2022秋·山西晋中·高一校联考期中）Ifheisinatightspot,saysTroubleKalua,peoplementionhisname,asking,“Whatdoyouexpect?”ShortlybeforehisbirthinMalawi,hisfatherhadlosthisjobasabusconductor,makingthefamilyevenpoorer.Thenthebabynearlydied.“Thisboyistrouble,”hisfathersaid.“HisnameisTrouble.”AcrossAfricanamescanhaveastorybehindthem.Yewande,forinstance,isaYorubanamemeaning“motherhaspaidmeavisit”,givenwhenanolderfemalerelativediesjustbeforeagirlisborn.KiptanuimaysuggestatadifficultbirthformotherswhospeakoneoftheKalenjingroupoflanguagesinKenya.ButsouthernAfricastandsoutfornominative(提名)creativity,atleastwhenitcomestoEnglishnames.AskZimbabweansabouttheirschoolfriendsandyouwillheardifferentregisters:Lovemore,Hopewell,Innocence,Patience,Knowledge,Fortune,Brilliant.AMalawian(himselfGolden)listsfriendsnamedGoodfriday,WisdomandIron.InZimbabwechildrenwerelonggivenAfricannameswithmeaning.ThispracticeswitchedafterBritishcolonization(殖民),whenhavinganEnglishnamewasseenasawayofgettingahead.Namesmayrefertoconditionsaroundthebirth,aqualityparentsseeinthechild,anaspiration(期望)forthemorevenforthecountry.UnderwhiterulesomechildrenwerecalledDemocracy,Freedomor,allegedly,PollingStation.Othernamessuggestedprogress.OneventurecapitalistrecallsschoolfriendsnamedComputer.Names,andthelanguagetheyarein,reflectchangingtimes,too.InZimbabwe,whoseeconomyisfallingdown,onecomesacrosspeoplenamedNoMoney.InmanyplacesAfricannamesaresupplanting(取代)Englishones.InrecentyearsinSouthAfrica,Enzokuhle(“todogood”inXhosa),hasbecomeoneofthemostpopularnames,perhapsinspiredbyapopularsong,“Enzo”.ItmaybethatnamessuchasSaladNthendawillbecomerelics.TheMalawian,whosemotheratelotsofvegetableswhenpregnant(怀孕的),sayshis“namefeltgoodfromdayone”.Helovesthe“uniqueness”.Althoughheisteasedattimes,hedoesnotcare.17．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?A．Bysharingastory. B．Bycomparingfacts.C．Byreportingfindings. D．Bypresentingfigures.18．Whatwillababybenamedifhismotherhassomedifficultyingivingbirthtohim?A．Yewande. B．Kiptanui.C．Freedom. D．Enzokuhle.19．WhatdoesSaladNthendathinkofhisname?A．Interesting. B．Meaningless.C．Important. D．Special.20．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．StoriesBehindSomeNamesB．SomeStrangeNamesinSouthernAfricaC．NamesinSouthernAfricaAreBothCreativeandMeaningfulD．One’sNameIsCloselyConnectedwithItsCountry’sHistory【答案】17．A

18．B

19．D

20．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是非洲人名字的特点及其取名字的各种讲究，同时也介绍了非洲人的名字也有着各种各样的寓意：非洲人的名字不仅反映了非洲发展的历史，还照亮了人们对未来的渴望。17．推理判断题。根据首段中的“ShortlybeforehisbirthinMalawi,hisfatherhadlosthisjobasabusconductor,makingthefamilyevenpoorer.Thenthebabynearlydied.“Thisboyistrouble,”hisfathersaid.“HisnameisTrouble.”(在他出生在马拉维前不久，他的父亲失去了公共汽车售票员的工作，使家庭更加贫穷。然后婴儿差点死了。“这个男孩很麻烦，”他的父亲说。“他的名字叫麻烦。”)”可知，该段作者分享了TroubleKalua这个人名字背后的故事，引出本文的话题。故选A项。18．细节理解题。根据第二段“KiptanuimaysuggestatadifficultbirthformotherswhospeakoneoftheKalenjingroupoflanguagesinKenya.(Kiptanui可能表明了在肯尼亚说卡伦金语族之一的母亲分娩时难产。)”可知，因分娩时难产，很可能给孩子取名时与此事件相关。因此如果一个孩子的母亲在生他的时候有困难，他会给他取Kiptanui这个名词。故选B项。19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Helovesthe‘uniqueness’.Althoughheisteasedattimes,hedoesnotcare.(他喜欢“独特性”。虽然他有时会被取笑，但他不在乎。)”可知，SaladNthenda认为自己的名字很特别。故选D项。20．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“AcrossAfricanamescanhaveastorybehindthem.(在整个非洲，名字背后都有一个故事。)”以及第三段“ButsouthernAfricastandsoutfornominative(提名)creativity,atleastwhenitcomestoEnglishnames.(但南部非洲在取名字方面的创造力非常突出，至少在英文名称方面是这样。)”并结合文章中列举的实例，可知，南部非洲人的名字极富创造力又有意义。故选C项。Text86（2023秋·辽宁·高一辽河油田第二高级中学校考期末）MynameisJack.WhenmyfamilymovedtoAmerica,webroughtnotonlyourluggage,butalsoourrules,customsandcultureinChina.Oneoftherulesisthatyoungpeopleshouldalwaysrespecttheelders.Unluckily,thisruleledtomyveryfirstembarrassment(尴尬)intheUnitedStates.Ihadapart-timejobasawaiterinaChineserestaurant.Oneday,whenIwasservingfoodtoamiddle-agedcouple,thewifeaskedmehowthefoodcouldbeservedsoquickly.ItoldherthatIhadmadesuretheygottheirfoodquicklybecauseIalwaysrespecttheelderly.AssoonasIsaidthat,shelookedveryunhappy.MymanagergavemealonglectureabouthowAmericansdisliketheword“old”.Ithenwalkedbackandapologizedtothelady.InmyhometowninChina,peopleareproudofbeingold.Notsomanypeoplelivetobeseventyoreighty,andpeoplewhoreachsuchanagehavethemostknowledgeandexperience.Youngpeoplealwaysrespectolderpeoplebecausetheyknowtheycanlearnfromtheirrichexperience.However,intheUnitedStates,“old”meansthatapersonisgoingtoretire(退休).Heremanypeopletrytokeepthemselvesfromgrowingoldbydoingexercises.WhenItoldthecoupleintherestaurantthatIrespecttheelderly,theygotangrybecausethiscausedthemtofeeltheyhadfailedtostayyoung.Afterthat,IchangedthewayIhadbeenwitholderpeople.ItisnotthatIdon’trespectthemanymore;Istillrespectthem,butnowIdon’tshowmyfeelingsthroughwords.21．WhydidJackservethecoupletheirfoodveryfast?A．Hewantedmorepay. B．Herespectedtheelderly.C．Hewasaskedtodoso. D．Hewasahard-workingwaiter.22．WhatdoweknowaboutJack’shometownfromthepassage?A．Peoplethereareproudofbeingold.B．Peopletheredislikebeingcalled“old”.C．Nopeopletherereachtheageofseventyoreighty.D．Youngpeoplethereshowlittlerespecttotheolder.23．WhatdidJackdoafterthisexperience?A．Hemadefriendswiththecouple. B．Helosthisjobintherestaurant.C．Henolongerrespectedtheelderly. D．Hechangedhiswaywitholderpeople.24．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_________.A．thecoupledislikedfastserviceatall.B．themanagerapologizedtothecouple.C．Jackwantedtoshowhisfeelingsthroughwords.D．JackknewmoreaboutAmericanculturethanbefore.【答案】21．B

22．A

23．D

24．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在美国的经历：作者一家人搬家到美国，也带着中国的美德到了美国：年轻人应该永远尊敬长者。然而，不幸的是，这却导致了作者在美国的第一次尴尬。21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ItoldherthatIhadmadesuretheygottheirfoodquicklybecauseIalwaysrespecttheelderly.”（我告诉她，我已经确保他们尽快得到食物，因为我一直尊重老人。）可知，作者给这对夫妇提供食物迅速，是因为作者尊重老人。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“InmyhometowninChina,peopleareproudofbeingold.”（在我的中国家乡，人们以老为荣。）可知，在作者的中国的家乡，人们以老为荣。故选A。23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Afterthat,IchangedthewayIhadbeenwitholderpeople.”（从那以后，我改变了和老年人相处的方式。）可知，在这次经历后，作者改变了他对待老人的方式。故选D。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Afterthat,IchangedthewayIhadbeenwitholderpeople.ItisnotthatIdon’trespectthemanymore;Istillrespectthem,butnowIdon’tshowmyfeelingsthroughwords.”（从那以后，我改变了和老年人相处的方式。这并不是说我不再尊重他们了，我仍然尊重他们，但是现在我不再通过语言来表达我的感情了。）可推知，通过作者的做兼职的那次经历，作者对美国人们的价值观和文化了解的更多了。故选D。Text87（2022秋·北京·高一首都师范大学附属中学校考期中）TotheSweden,therearefewsmellsmoreattractivethansurströmming(臭鲱鱼).Tomostnon-Swedenthereareprobablyfewsmellsmorerepulsive—thefishhasbeendescribedvariouslyassmellinglikesourcatlitter,orevendroppings-like.Indeterminingwhichsmellspeoplefindpleasantornot,surströmmingsuggestsculturemustplayasizeablepart.Newresearch,however,suggeststhatmightnotbethecase.ArtinArshamian,aneuroscientistattheKarolinskaInstituteinSweden,andAsifaMajid,apsychologistattheUniversityofOxford,beganwiththeexpectationthatculturewouldplayanimportantroleindeterminingpleasantsmells.Thiswasnotjustbecauseofexampleslikethatofsurströmming.Theyknewfrompastexperimentsbyotherresearchersthatculturewasimportantindeterminingwhichsortsoffacespeoplefoundbeautiful.Tostudyhowsmellandculturerelate,theresearcherspresentedtensmells.Thesesmellsvariedfromherbtoisovalericacid,thechemicalresponsibleforsmellysocks.Morein-betweensmells,whichtheteamthoughtmightsplitopinions,includedoctanoicacid;andoctenol,ancarthysmellfoundinmanymushrooms.Theculturesdoingthesmellingvariedwidelytoo,includinghunters,farmersandcityfolk.All235participantswereaskedtoranksmellsaccordingtopleasantness.Theresearchersfoundthatpleasantnessrankingswereremarkableconsistentregardlessofwherepeoplecamefrom.Isovalericacidwashatedbythevastmajority,onlyeightgivingitascoreoflto3(Iwasverypleasantand10wasveryunpleasant).Ontheotherhand,morethan190peoplegaveherbascoreoflto3.Overall,thechemicalcompositionofthesmellsexplained41%ofthereactionsthatparticipantshad.Incontrast,cultura