2024高考英语一轮统考复习第二编语法突破专题4定语从句学案含解析外研版

PAGE专题四定语从句1.(2024·全国卷Ⅱ，62)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.答案：which分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，thepetshop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，64)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.答案：who分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词theirmasters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。3．(2024·浙江高考，58)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth________givesofflightinthedark.答案：that/which此处引导定语从句来修饰先行词apieceofcloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。4．(2024·江苏高考，21)Wehaveenteredintoanage________dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.答案：when句意：我们已经进入了一个幻想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的名词anage，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。5．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ，69)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil­testingprogram________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.答案：that/which设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词program，同时在定语从句中作主语，所以用that/which。6．(2024·天津高考，2)Kate,________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.答案：whose设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，指代Kate的姐姐。故应用whose引导该从句。7．(2024·浙江高考，57)Manywesterners________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.答案：who/that设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词westerners，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who/that。8．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，70)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,________isnotgoodforthehealth.答案：which句意：很可能摄入过多(脂肪和盐)，那对健康没有好处。分析句子结构可知，“________isnotgoodforthehealth”为非限制性定语从句，补充说明主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语。故填关系代词which。9．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.__________________________________________________________________答案：where→when先行词oneafternoon是表示时间的名词，后面的定语从句应用when引导。10．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.__________________________________________________________________答案：which前加in或which→where此处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词pond，而此处的引导词在定语从句中作状语，所以用inwhich或者where。关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句，即作定语的句子。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。这些关系词的意义和功能比较如下：类别引导词句子成分指代例句关系代词who主、宾、表人YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.whom宾、表人Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.whose定所属关系，意为“……的”Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofwasbroken.which主、宾、表物或整个句子Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.that主、宾、表人或物Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesbyonemillion.as主、宾、表人、物或整个句子Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.关系副词when时间状语时间Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.where地点状语地点ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why缘由状语缘由Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.关系代词that与which,which与as的用法区分that与which只用that的状况当先行词既有人又有物时Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时①Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.②Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.③ThebestthatIcoulddowastoapologize.当先行词是something,anything,nothing,everything,few,all,none,little,some等不定代词时，或由every,any,all,no,some,little,few,much等修饰时①IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?②Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.③Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.④Anymanthathasasenseofdutywon'tdosuchathing.⑤Allthegueststhatwereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.当主句是以who，which开头的特别疑问句时①Whoisthemanthatisstandinginfrontofthecrowd?②WhichistheroomthatMrWanglivesin?当先行词由thelast,theonly,theright,thevery等修饰时①ThisistheverybookthatI'mlookingfor.②CucumberistheonlyvegetablethatIliketoeat.只用which的状况“介词＋关系代词”修饰的先行词指物时Thetableunderwhichtheboycrawledwasputupforwriting.引导非限制性定语从句，指物或前面整个句子时Heinvitedustodinner,whichwasverykindofhim.先行词本身是that时What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow？续表which与as在限制性定语从句中，当先行词前有such,thesame或so修饰时，关系代词要用as①Iboughtthesamebookasyouhave.②I'llgiveyousuchthingsasyoumayneed.③Sheissoniceagirlaswealllike.在非限制性定语从句中，which引导的从句一般在主句之后，而as引导的从句，可在主句前、主句后，也可插在主句中①Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.②Ascanbeseen,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.③Einstein,asweknow(＝asiswellknown),isafamousscientist.④TherewasanInternetcaféaroundhere,asIremember.在非限制性定语从句中，which通常意为“这；这一点”；as通常表示说话人的看法、看法、说明等，意为“正如；就像”①Hefailedintheexamagain,whichwasunexpected.②Hefailedintheexamagain,aswasexpected.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的留意事项“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的留意事项“介词＋关系代词”在定语从句中作时间、地点、缘由状语，相当于关系副词when,where,why①I'llneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenIjoinedthearmy.②Thefactoryinwhich/wherehisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.③Idon'tknowthereasonforwhich/whyhewaslateforschool.“介词＋which”指物，“介词＋whom”指人①Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.②Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.some,any,none,both,all,few,neither,most＋of＋关系代词(whom/which)，表示“全部”关系，或“整体与部分”的关系①TheGreenshavetwodaughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.②Ihavemanybooks,someofwhichareonchemistry.介词＋whose＋名词MrWang,withwhosehelpIfinishedtheworkontime,isoneoftheteachersIloveandrespect.定语从句的其他事项先行词是way时的定语从句way作先行词，表示“方式”，且在定语从句中作状语时，后面的定语从句用that或inwhich引导，也可以省略；表示“方式、方法”，且在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，后面的定语从句用that或which引导，作宾语时，引导词也可省略①Theway(that/inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.②Thisistheway(that/which)heusedtodealwiththepollution.“介词＋关系代词”定语从句中介词的确定依据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词Wateristhenaturalmediuminwhichfishlive.对于那些由动词与介词构成的短语动词，通常不宜将它们拆开运用，此时应留意介词的位置应放在动词后Theboy(whom)mysisterislookingafterisgettingbetter.依据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词Physicsisthesubjectinourschoolinwhicheverystudentisinterested.依据与先行词的搭配来确定介词Iwillofferyouabetterwayinwhichyoucandothejob.依据句意来确定介词的运用ThisisthebookfromwhichIgotthestory.定语从句中的主谓一样定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，其后谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一样Here'saletterfromMrBrown,whowantstocometoParis.在“oneof＋复数名词”结构中，后接定语从句时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但在“theonlyoneof＋复数名词”结构中，定语从句谓语动词用单数形式Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisoftenlate.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·河南省南阳市第一中学高三上学期第三次月考)________isknowntoall,smokingisharmfulforhealth.答案：As本句是一个由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代后面的主句。2．(2024·广东省深圳市南山区高三摸底)Ihadtostayandfightthisruleagainforgirls________wanttoplayfootball.答案：who/that句意：我不得不再次留下来为那些想踢足球的女孩们抗拒这个规定。先行词是girls，定语从句中缺少主语，故填who或that。3．Wearelivinginanage________QRcodes(二维码)arebecomingmoreandmorepopularinourdailylife.答案：when句意：我们生活在一个日常生活中二维码越来越受欢迎的时代。when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。4．(2024·广西桂林市十八中高三月考)JustasIwasinthemiddleofmydescent(下降),agentlemanenteredthemainentrance________wasrightinfrontofthestaircase.答案：which/that句意：当我正在下楼梯的时候，一位男士走进了正门，而正门就在楼梯前面。设空处引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词entrance，虽然entrance表示“入口处”，有地点的意味，但是从句中缺少主语，故填which/that。5．Theyworkedfortwohourstorescuetheman________wasinjuredintheaccident.答案：who/that句意：他们工作两个小时，挽救事故中受伤的那个人。who/that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词theman。6．Pleasegothroughthetextandunderlinethewords________meaningsyoudon'tknow.答案：whose句意：请通读全文，划出你不知道意思的那些单词。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。7．LichunisaChinesewordforoneofthe24solarterms,________meansthebeginningofspring.答案：which句意：立春是中国二十四节气中的一个节气，意味着春天的起先。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用which。8．(2024·吉林省长春市试验中学学期初考试)Wearetalkingaboutoneofthemostinterestingdevices________allowpeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives.答案：that先行词devices前面有最高级themostinteresting修饰，同时后面的句子缺少主语，应用that引导定语从句。9．Twoblocksbeyondtheschoolisafield________weoftenplayedfootballduringchildhood.答案：where句意：我们学校两个街区之外是一个运动场，我们孩提时代经常去那儿踢球。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。10．ChongyangFestival,________isalsoknownastheDoubleNinthFestival,fallsontheninthdayoftheninthmonthoftheChineselunarcalendar.答案：which句意：重阳节，也叫双九节，是在中国农历的9月9日。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用which。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2024·中心民大附中月考)Whichisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.__________________________________________________________________答案：Which→As句意：然而，状况往往是这样的，有些人发觉这个理论劝服力不强。asisoftenthecase“状况往往是这样”，此处as引导非限制性定语从句，位于句首，故把Which改为As。2．Intheirspar