专题11-定语从句-(练习版)

考查点全国新高考卷全国卷命题分析202220212020202220212020限制性定语从句卷I65题（that）浙江高考1,57题卷I，39题卷II，40题卷I，63题卷III，61题定语从句是近几年高考的考查热点，主要考查：1、关系代词that、which、who、as以及关系副词when、where的正确使用。2、“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选用等。非限制性定语从句甲卷62题（who）考点1、关系代词法分考点1.关系代词的用法①、who用于指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Hisson,age15,whohadtakenanartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomethingunusualabouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.他15岁的儿子曾上过艺术欣赏课，他认为一位年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的那幅画不同寻常。（作主语）②、whom用于指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替;但是,若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语,，不可用who代替。Inourclassthereare48students,halfofwhomaregirls.我们班有48名学生，其中有一半是女生。(作宾语)③、which用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhichallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.在为学生营造自由交流的氛围这方面，她很有天赋。(作主语)④、that既可指人又可指物,指人时通常可与who,whom互换,指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.这个古老的小镇有狭窄的街道和建造得彼此靠得很近的小房子。(作主语)Somepeopleregisteralistofthingsthattheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.有些人会在当地的家或多家商店里为他们的新家登记他们想要或需要的东西清单。⑤、whose表示所属关系,既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作定语。指物时相当于ofwhich；指人时相当于ofwhom。Dr.Rowan,whosesecretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.恩博士的秘书两周前辞职了,他只能自己做所有的打字工作。⑥、as引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用于下列结构:①such+名词+as…,意为像……一样的；像……之类的”;②such(+代词+as)意为“像……一样的；像……之类的”；③thesame(+名词+)as…,意为“和……一样的”。Heissuchamanasisalwaysreadytohelpothers..他是一个Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的as,样的书。引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分,意为“正如;Asheoftendid,hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction'runbytheItalianpolicewherethingsfoundonthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder..像往常一样,他顺便去了由意大利警方经营的“下班后拍卖”,在像”。火车上发现的东西会在这个拍卖会上卖给出价最高的竞标人。(作宾语)关系代词在从句中作宾语时一般可省略，但其前有介词时般不可省略。分考点2关系代词that和which的特殊用Point1限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况。(1)、先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,none,something,everything,nothing,anything等时。●AllthatwehavetodonowistopracticeEnglish.现在我们不得不做的就是练习英语。●Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。(2)、先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame,theright,all,any,every,each,few,little,no，some等词修饰时。●ItistheverybookthatIwanttoread.它正是我想读的书。●Pleasesendusalltheinformationthatyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.请把你所掌握的有关这个职位的候选人的所有信息发给我们。【特别注意】先行词被thesame修饰时，如果表示同一事物，应用thesame...that；但如果表示相同种类的事物，则用thesame...as。●ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用的那支钢笔。(that表示同一支钢笔)●ThisisthesamepenasIusedyesterday.这支钢笔和我昨天用的那支一样。(as表示同类的钢笔)(3)、先行词是序数词、形容词最高级，或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。●ThefirstletterthatIgetfromhimwillbekept.我收到的他的第一封来信将被保存起来●Thisisthebest（way）thatisusedtosolvetheproblem.这是用来解决这个问题的最好办法(4)、先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。●Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin..她把她所感兴趣的人和物拍摄下来。(5)、先行词是主句的表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。●Shenzhenisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳不再是过去的那个样子了●Theschoolisquitedifferentfromtheonethatitusedtobe.这所学校已经与从前截然不同了。(6)、当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。●Whoisthemanthatisgivingustheclass?给我们上课的那个人是谁?●Whichofthebooksistheonethatbelongstoyou?这些书中哪一本是你的?(7)有两个定语从句时，如果一个从句用which引导，则另一个从句用that引导。●Theybuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.他们建了一个工厂，这个工厂生产的东西人们以前从未见过。(8)、主句是therebe句型，且关系词在从句中作主语时，如果先行词指物、用that，不用which；如果先行词指人,常用who引导定语从句。●Thereisaroominthebuildingthatisstillfree.在这个大厦中,还有一个房间空着。●Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyou.一个女孩想见你。Point2当先行词指物时,定语从句中关系代词只用which不用that的情况(1)、引导非限制性定语从句时，只用which,不用that。●Acoinisputintothecake,whichsignifiessuccessintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.往蛋糕里放一枚硬币，这表示收到这块有硬币的蛋糕的人在新的一年里会取得成功。(2)、关系代词指物，且其前有介词时，只用which，不用that。●Protectingthemountainforestsinwhichgiantpandaslivehasbeengoodformanyotheranimals.保护大熊猫所生活的山地森林对许多其他动物是有益的。(3)、先行词本身是that时，只用which。●Whatisthatwhichyouhavestuffedintotheplasticcup.你刚才塞进塑料杯里的是什么东西分考点3关系代词as和which的区别as与which均可引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容,可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，两者均不可省略。Point1as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可放在主句前，又可放在主句后，有时还可插人主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后。●Asweknow,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.正如我们所知,莎土比亚是一位著名的作家。●Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotraveling,whichturnedouttobeawisedecision.大学毕业以后,我抽出了些时间去旅行,后来证明这是个明智的决定。Point2as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，as引导的从句表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如”;；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列分句，补充说明事物的状态或结果。●Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.正如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。●Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.负责监督动物在电影行业中是怎样被对待的一个非营利组织今年正在密切关注2,000多部作品的制作。Point3当指代先行词的关系代词在定语从句中作主语且从句为被动语态时，常用as引导，常用结构有：asiswell--known/knowntoall众所周知asisexpected/reported/announced正如所预料/报道/公布的那样ashasbeensaidbefore正如前面所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的但如果从句为主动语态，一般用which作主语。●Hewonfirstprize,asisexpected.正如预料的那样，他得了一等奖。【特别注意】as的习惯用语:asisoftenthecase…是常有的事●Thereisnosimpleanswer,asisoftenthecaseinscience.科学中没有简单的答案,这是常有的事分考点4“介词+关系代词”的用法Point1“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。●Shestillremembersthedayonwhichshewontheprize.她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。●Themanwithwhomsheenteredthehallwasherhusband.和她一起走进大厅的那位男士是她的丈夫。【特别注意】(1)、在限制性定语从句中，若介词不提前，位于定语从句的末尾时，引导词that/which/who/whom作介词的宾语时可以省略。●Thisistheboy(that/whom/who)hisparentsareproudof.这就是他父母引以为豪的那个男孩。●Thisisthepen(that/which)Iwrotemyhomeworkwith.这就是我写作业用的那支钢笔。(2)、在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+关系代词”中的介词不能移到从句的后面。【归纳总结】“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句中介词的确定：①、根据从句中动词、形容词等与介词的习惯搭配来确定●Doyouknowthegirlwith/towhomtheteachertalkedjustnow?你认识刚才和老师谈话的那个女孩吗?(talk作“交谈”讲时，常与with或to搭配)②、根据语意表达的需要来确定。●Knowledgeisthewingswithwhichwerealizeourdreams.知识是我们借以实现梦想的翅膀。(with表示用某种手段、工具)Point2“介词短语+关系代词which'"结构在定语从句中作地点状语时，从句常用倒装语序。●Heisstudyingintheclassroomnow,infrontofwhichstandtwotrees.他现在正在那间教室里学习，教室前面有两棵树。Point3“介词+which+名词”结构引导的定语从句。常见的这类结构有:duringwhichtime在此期间atwhichtime在这时atwhichpoint在这一时刻forwhichreason由于这个原因inwhichcase在这一情况●Motherispreparinglunch,duringwhichtimechildrenareplayingoutside.妈妈在准备午餐,在此期间,孩子们在外面玩。●Hemaywinthecompetition,inwhichcaseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.他可能会赢得这场比赛，那样的话，他就有可能进入国家队。Point4“the+名词+ofwhich/whom”结构引导的定语从句，一般为非限制性定语从句。该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。●Thenewly-builtcafe,thewallsofwhicharepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的去处，特别是在辛苦工作后。Point5表示全部或部分的词语+ofwhich/whom结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的词或结构有：不定代词(all,both,none,some,most,several等)；数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数)；the+形容词最高级/比较级。●Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofwhicharebeyondourcontrol.植物的生长速度受很多因素的影响，其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。●Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarefamilymembers.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家族成员。考点2关系副词当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。关系副词有时可以用“介词+关系代词”替换。Point1关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“表示时间的介词(in,at,on,during等)+which”●Helivedinthetimeswhen（=inwhich）theblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.在他生活的那个时代，盲人没受过多少教育。●Thedaysaregonewhen（=duringwhich)physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。Point2关系副词where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“表示地点的介词(in,at,on,under等)+which'”●Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,where(=atwhich)weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶,在那里我们欣赏到了壮丽的湖光美景。●Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwhere(=inwhich)largeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.这些袋子中很多的最终归宿是大海,在那里，大一些的袋子会困住海洋生物，如海龟和海豚。【特别注意】若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation,point,stage,position等，且引词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which引导。●Ihavecometothepointwhere（=atwhich）Ican'tstandhim.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。●He'sgotintothesituationwhere（=inwhich）heisindebt.他已经陷入负债累累的境地。●Atlasthegottheposition（that/which)hehadbeendreamingof.他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。Point3关系副词why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.●Isthisthereasonwhy（=forwhich）herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们的提议的理由吗?●Doyouknowthereasonwhy（=forwhich）hedidn'tattendthemeeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗?1、（2022年全国高考甲卷）Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,______losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.（2022年全国新高考I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.3、【2020年全国新高考I卷】The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum__________openedin17594、【2020年全国高考I卷】Becausethemoon''sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot______itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.5、【2020年全国高考Ⅲ卷】InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.1．Butlikeanyonefor________youfeelaffection,customerscanalsodriveyoumad.（用适当的词填空）2．Theyrushedovertohelptheman__________carhadbrokendown.(用适当的词填空)3．Thehousein__________LuXunoncelivedisamuseumnow.(用适当的词填空)4．Astudyshowsthestudentswhojoininafter-schoolactivitiesarehappierthanthose__________arenot.(用适当的词填空)5．ThiswasMary’skitchen________thebigfirebrokeout.（用适当的词填空）6．Thereason________IwillfailtogowithyouisthatIhadmyleftfootinjuredtheotherday.（用适当的词填空）7．Inthestrangecity,therewasn’tasingleperson________whomshecouldturnforhelp.(用适当的词填空)8．Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom________youreceivedgifts?（用适当的词填空）9．Thefamouswriterandhisworks________theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.（用适当的词填空）10．MrBlackwouldneverforgettheday________hejoinedthearmy.（用适当的词填空）11．Lifeislikearace________weallcompetewithourselvesagainsttime.（用适当的词填空）12．Thereweremanyfansinthesocialmedia________expressedtheirsadnessoverJinYong’sdeath.（用适当的词填空）13．Theyexplainedthewaytous_________cangreatlyreduceenergywaste.（用适当的词填空）14．Thepicturealwaysremindsmeofthemoments_________wespenttogetherinthehighschool.（用适当的词填空）15．Paul’sfrienddidn’tknowtherealreason_________whichhelookedsosadtoday.(用适当的词填空)16．Thiswasaperiod_________weChinesewentthroughalotofsufferings.(用适当的词填空)17．Iwillneverforgetthescene_________yourisked(冒险)yourlifetosavetheinjured.(用适当的词填空)18．Gonearethedays________surgerymeantcuttingapatientopen.Modernmedicineoffersdoctorslessinvasivetoolstooperateondisease-strickenbodies.（用适当的词填空）19．Inadditiontothistraditionalmedicaltreatment,hetriedtoputhimselfinsituations________wouldbringaboutpositiveemotions.（用适当的词填空）20．Thetrainranovertoaboyandhisdog________werejustcrossingthetrack.（用适当的词填空）21．IhavebeenreadingCommonwealthbyAnnPatchettrecently.Ithinkitisthemostinterestingbook________Ihaveeverread.（用适当的词填空）22．Itwasinthesmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesthathespenthischildhood.（用适当的词填空）23．Ifyouwanttolearnthepianowell,all_______youhavetodoistopracticeeverydaywithcorrectmethods.（用适当的词填空）24．Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpeople________theymetduringthetrip.（用适当的词填空）25．Mygrandmotherlivedinageneration________womenwerelookeddownupon.（用适当的词填空）26．Whetheryoulikeitornot,weliveinacommunity________onlinechattingisanimportantpartofcommunication.（用适当的词填空）27．Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmosphere________manyothersareshortof.（用适当的词填空）28．Officialsofourcityareconsideringalaw________wouldrequirepetownerstoputmicrochipsintheiranimals.（用适当的词填空）29．Inthefastmovinginformationage,teenagersshouldkeeppacewiththemediaenvironment________theycommunicatewiththeoutsideworld.（用适当的词填空）30．AnalystsinChinasaytherearethreefactors________contributetothesuddenincreaseofbikes.（用适当的词填空）31．Manyfarmsalsousechemicals________willkillinsectsinordertoprotecttheirplants.（用适当的词填空）32．InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.(用适当的词填空)33．（2022·内蒙古·集宁二中三模）Shortspacetripswilldevelopfirst,thenthespacehotelswillgoaroundtheearth________itwillbepossibletohavealongervacation.（用适当的词填空）34．（2022·山东·模拟预测语法填空）ThetaoraytaoraySpringSummer2020wasshownforthefirsttimeontheworldstageofNewYorkFashionWeek________traditionmetmodernity.（用适当的词填空）35．（2015新课标I卷）I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(用适当的词填空)36．Thereason________hefailedisthathereliedonotherstoomuch.(用适当的词填空)37．Aftergraduationshereachedapointinherlife________shehadtodecidewhattodo.(用适当的词填空)38．Therearemanygo