全套课件-会计英语

AccountingEnglishUnitOneLearningObjectives

UnitOnetodescribetheinformationsystemofaccounting;todescribetheprofessionofaccounting;tostatetheaccountingequation;todescribefinancialstatements;todescribeprofessionalethicsinaccounting.

Whatisaccounting?Isaccountingimportanttoyou?Yes,accountingisimportantinyourpersonallifeaswellasyourcareer,eventhoughyoumaynotbecomeanaccountant.Warming-up

UnitOneVocabulary

UnitOneaccountingaccountantbookkeepingenterprisebusinessdecisionmakingtransactioninvestorcreditorasset会计，会计学会计师，会计从业人员簿记企业商业，企业制定决策交易，经济业务投资者债权人资产Vocabulary

UnitOneliabilityowner’sequity/capitalrevenueexpenseincomedouble-entrysystemAmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountants(AICPA)ChineseInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountants(CICPA)负债所有者权益收入费用收益复式记账美国注册会计师协会中国注册会计师协会Vocabulary

UnitOnefinancialaccountingmanagerialaccountingtaxaccountingaccountingequationbusinesstransactionethicsofaccounting财务会计管理会计税务会计会计等式经济业务会计执业道德Notes

UnitOneClassifytheeffectsofsimilartransactionsinamannerthatpermitsdeterminationofthevarioustotalsandsubtotalsusefultomanagementandusedinaccountingreports.按照一定的方法将相似商业交易的影响进行分类，并将其加总或部分加总，以便提供给管理层和编制会计报告。Thedevelopmentofcorporationalsocreatedanewsocialneed–theneedforanindependentaudittoprovidesomeassurancethatmanagement’sfinancialrepresentationswerereliable.同时，公司的发展产生了一项新的社会需求，即需要独立审计针对企业管理部门所呈报的财务报表是否可靠提供相应的鉴证。Notes

UnitOneCertifiedPublicAccountant(CPA)注册会计师。他们是有资格执行审计业务的专业人员，一般需满足三个方面的条件才能获得这种资格：（1）接受过专业教育，通常要有本科学历，有的国家甚至要求更高的学历;(2)具有一定期限的会计或审计工作经验；（3）通过由专业会计团体举办的统一考试。注册会计师在英国及英联邦国家称为CA，即CharteredAccountant.AmericanInstituteofCertifiedAccountants美国注册会计师协会，简称AICPA，是美国全国性的民间会计专业团体，负责制定会计师执业标准和规则，进行会计方面的科学研究并出版一些会计学刊物，组织并为会员提供继续教育的机会，组织一年两度的注册会计师统一考试，在国际上有较大影响。Notes

UnitOneThesetofaccountingitemsandtheestablishmentofaccounts,therecordofbusiness,thepreparationofreportandthecalculationofalleconomicindexareallbasedonaccountingequation.会计科目的设置和账户的建立，经济业务的记录，报告的编制，以及各经济指标的计算等等，都是以会计等式为依据的。Accountantshavearesponsibilitytoreportfavorableaswellasunfavorableinformationandtorefrainfromtakingactionswhichundermineanorganization’slegitimateandethicalobjectives.会计有责任报告与企业相关的全部信息，包括有利的和不利的信息，同时要抵制那些破坏企业的合法性和道德宗旨的行为。Notes

UnitOneDecisionsmadeoninformationprovidedbyaccountantscanmateriallyaffectthelivesoflivesofclientsandothers,oftenreferredtoasthirdparties,whichincludeemployees,creditors,investors,suppliers,customers,governmentandthegeneralpublic.会计决定披露哪些信息可能对企业客户或其他人（我们称之为第三方）的生活产生重大影响。第三方包括雇员、债权人、投资者、供应商、顾客、政府和公众。Assets:currentassets,non-currentassets;fixassets,intangibleassets,etc.资产可以分为流动资产和非流动资产；固定资产和无形资产等。Exercises

UnitOneII.TermStudy.

MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththedefinitionsincolumnB.AB1.accounting2.publicaccountant3.CertifiedPublicAccountant4.privateaccountant5.objectivesoffinancialaccounting6.governmentaccountantA.provideusefulinformationfordecision-makingB.personmustpassaseriesofexaminationsandmeetcertainotherrequirementsC.workforoneemployerandofferservicessuchasaccounting,budgeting,andinternalauditingD.audittaxreturnsandaccumulatefinancialinformationforfederal,provincial,andmunicipalagencies.E.thelanguageofbusinessF.offerauditing,managementadvisory,andtaxservicesExercises

UnitOneIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTfortrueandFforfalse.()1.Accountingisasystemofgathering,summarizingandcommunicatingfinancialinformationforabusinessfirm,governmentorotherorganization.()2.Accountingpracticesareintwomainfields–financialaccountingandmanagerialaccounting.()3.Accountingequationaccountsforthecommonquantitativerelationamongaccountingelements:Assets=Liabilities+Owner’sEquity()4.Accountantshaveanethicalobligationtomaintainonlymoralcompetence.TTFFExercises

UnitOneIV.Choosethebestanswer.1.Whichofthefollowingdescribeaccounting?A.islanguageofbusinessB.isaninformationsystemC.isusefuldecisionmakingD.alloftheabove2.Accountingisaninformationsystemthat_____.A.measuresbusinessactivitiesB.processesinformationintoreportsC.communicatesfindingstodecision-makersD.alloftheabove3.Accountinginformationisusedby_____.A.businessesB.governmentregulationagenciesC.laborunionsD.alloftheabove√√√Exercises

UnitOne4.Aproceduralelementofaccountingis_____.A.planningB.controlC.bookkeepingD.auditing5.Purposesofanaccountingsystemincludeallofthefollowingexcept_____.A.interpretandrecordtheeffectsofbusinesstransactionsB.classifytheeffectsoftransactionstofacilitatethepreparationofreportsC.summarizeandcommunicateinformationtodecisionmakersD.dictatethespecifictypesofbusinesstransactionsthattheenterprisemayengagein6.Anaccountingprocessincludesallofthefollowingstepsexcept_____.A.analyzingB.planningC.classifyingD.summarizing√√√Exercises

UnitOneV.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.1.会计的作用是为决策提供财务信息。

Thefunctionofaccountingisdesignedtoprovidefinancialinformationfordecisionmaking.2.会计系统是管理信息系统的重要组成部分。Accountingsystemsaretheveryimportantpartofmanagementsystemofinformation.

3.企业外部的有关人士包括业主、银行家、其他债权人、潜在投资者、工会、政府机构和公众。Therelatedoutsidersofacompanyincludeowners,bankers,otherdebtors,potentialinvestors,laborunion,thegovernmentandthepublic.Exercises

UnitOne4、专业会计师

professionalaccountant5、经济活动

businesstransactions6、会计信息

accountinginformationExercises

UnitOneVI.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Manypeopleandorganizationsuseaccountinginformationthataccountantsprepareinordertomakesounddecisions.That’swhyitisimportantforthesepeopletounderstandhowthisinformationiscreated.Tofacilitatecommunication,accountantsestablishregulationsthatbusinesspeoplecanusetoensuretheyaretalkingaboutthesamething.Suppose,abookstoresellsbooks:whenshouldtheaccountantrecordthesale–atthemomentthebooksareshipped(accrualaccounting)oratthetimethecashforthesebooksisreceived(cashaccounting)?Whetherthestoreownerusestheaccrualbasisaccountingorthecashbasisaccountingruleisnotimportantaslongasaruleisestablishedthatrequirestheownertodisclosewhichsystemofruleisbeingusedinthereportingprocess.AlltherulesofmeasurementforaccountingarecollectedinonegroupandcalledGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP).keyExercises

UnitOne

许多个人和组织为了做出正确的决策而使用会计信息。因此他们必须要理解这些会计信息是如何形成的，这一点非常重要。为了方便沟通，会计们建立了会计准则来确保在处理相同事项时能够使用。例如：一家书店售书，会计应于何时确认销售——是在书被发出的时候（权责发生制），还是收到书款的时候（收付实现制）？使用权责发生制还是收付实现制并不重要，只要建立一种规则，要求店主披露在报告过程中所使用的方法即可。所有的会计衡量准则都被收集在一般公认会计原则中。backAccountingEnglishUnitTwoLearningObjectives

UnitTwotonameelementsoffinancialstatements;todescriberelationshipofelementsoffinancialstatements;toanalyzebusinesstransactionsanddeterminetheireffectsinelementsoffinancialstatements;torecordeffectsofbusinesstransactionsonaccountsintermsofdebitandcreditfivedifferenttypesofaccounts;todescribetherulesofDouble-entryProcedure.

Ifacompany’sassetsincreaseby$20,000anditsliabilitiesdecreaseby$5,000,howmuchdidtheowner’sequityincreaseordecrease?Warming-up

UnitTwoVocabulary

UnitTwojargonsacrificemortgageclaimcontroversyinflowenhancementoutflowPeripheraldouble-entrybookkeeping某一行业学科中专用的术语损失抵押要求；索赔论战，辩论；法律或财产价值的诉讼流入增强，促进流出外围的；外部的复式记账法Vocabulary

UnitTwoaccountingequationfundamentalequilibrium会计等式基础的，基本的平衡，均衡Notes

UnitTwoTherelationshipbetweentheaccountingelementscanbeexpressedinasimplemathematicalformknownastheaccountingequation:assets=liabilities+owners’equity.Thisequationshowsthattheassetsofabusinessareequaltotheliabilitiesandowners’equity,itistheframeworkfortheentireaccountingprocess.会计要素之间的关系用一个简单的数学等式，也就是我们所说的会计等式，可以表达为：资产=负债+所有者权益。这个等式表明了企业的资产等于负债和所有者权益的总和,这是整个会计程序中的基本框架。Notes

UnitTwoThebasicprincipleofdouble-entrybookkeepingisthatverytransactionhasatwofoldeffect.Inotherwords,avalueisreceivedandavalueisyieldedorpartedwith.Botheffects,whichareequalinamount,mustbeenteredcompletelyinthebookkeepingrecords.复式记账的基本原理是每一项交易活动都有双重的影响。换言之，有一项金额收入就必然有一项金额支出，两者金额相等必然完整记入账簿。double-entryaccountingsystem复式记账会计制度。即从两个方面反映一项经济业务，在借贷两方记录相等的金额。在公元1300年，意大利北部城市首先使用复式记账方法，1494年L·Pacioli所著的《算术、几何和比例概要》一书，是阐述复式记账法的第一本著作。复式记账技术的产生在会计发展史上具有重大意义。复式记账规则可以用会计恒等式来说明，即资产=负债+所有者权益。Notes

UnitTwoaccountingconventions会计惯例。会计惯例指在长期的会计实践中逐渐形成的，为大家所接受的观念、方法和程序。有时可与principles,concepts,postulates,assumptions通用。accountingpractice

会计实务。会计实务是指会计人员在日常工作中所使用的会计程序和方法；或指会计人员在其日常工作中的习惯做法，有时可能有悖于理论。accountingequation会计等式，会计平衡式，也称balance-sheetequation，即资产=负债+所有者权益，是复式记账方法的理论依据。Exercises

UnitTwoII.TermStudy.

MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththedefinitionsincolumnB.AB1.assets2.liabilities3.equityornetassets4.investmentsbyowners5.distributionstoowners6.comprehensiveincome7.revenues8.expenses9.gains10.lossesA.landB.lossesfromincidentaltransactionsofanentityC.changeinequityofanentityfromtransactionsandcircumstancesfromnon-ownersourcesD.residualinterestintheassetsofanentityE.increasesinequityfromperipheraltransactionsofanentityF.notespayableG.salesH.interestpaidtobankI.distributionsofCashdividendstoownersJ.servicesreceivedasinvestmentsbyownersExercises

UnitTwoIII.SupplythemissinginformationinthefollowingstatementsandtranslateitintoChinese.

(1)Double-entrybookkeepingisasystembywhicheach①_______hastwosides,a②_____sideanda③_____side,andeach④_________isenteredtwice,asadebitinoneaccountandasacreditinanother.Theruleis:debitthereceiver,creditthe⑤_____.Everydebitmusthaveacorrespondingcreditandeverycredita⑥_____.Ifallthe⑦_______havebeencorrectlymade,thetotalofallthedebitsmustatanytimeequal⑧______.(2)Anaccountingequationisanexpressionoftherelationshipbetweenthe①_____and②_______and③___________ofanenterprise.ItisstatedasAssets=④______+⑤________.Thetwosidesmustalways⑥_____.account

debit

credit

transactionsender

debit

accounts

credits

assets

liabilities

owners’equityLiabilitiesOwners’equity

balance

Exercises

UnitTwo(3)Abalancesheetisastatementthatshowsthe①_____,②________and③___________ataspecificdate,usuallyattheendofthefinancialyear.(4)Anincomestatement,alsoknownasprofitandlossstatement,isasummaryofthe①_______,②_______and③_________ofabusinessforaspecificperiodftime.assets

liabilities

owners’equityrevenueexpensesnetincome

AccountingEnglishUnitThreeLearningObjectives

UnitThreetounderstandeconomiceventsandbusinessdocuments;tomakejournalentries;topostjournalentriestoledgers;toprepareatrialbalance;todescribetheneedforadjustment;tomakeadjustingentries.

Inacomputerizedaccountingsystem,thesoftwareautomaticallyrecordsandpoststransactions.Theledgerandsupportingrecordsaremaintainedincomputerizedmasterfiles.Inaddition,aworksheetisnormallynotprepared.Sotheaccountingprocessthatbeginwithanalyzingandjournalizingtransactionsandendswithsummarizingandreportingthesetransactionsiscalledtheaccountingcycle.Warming-up

UnitThreeVocabulary

UnitThreemulti-stepaccountingcyclesummarizearbitrarilyjournalizejournalledgertrialbalanceaccrualbasis多步骤的会计循环概述任意地记账日记账分类账试算平衡表权责发生制Notes

UnitThreeaccountingperiod:会计期间，亦称fiscalperiod。根据持续经营假设，将不断循环的经营过程划分为适当的时间段落，而在每一段落结束时，办理一次结算，这种划分时间段落作为计算盈亏的时间单位，称为会计期间。会计期间可以与日历年度一致，也可以与日历年度不一致。Postingistheprocessofcopyingjournalentryinformationfromthejournaltotheledger.过账是将分录信息从日记账过入分类账的过程。Notes

UnitThreeTheequalityofdebitsandcreditsintheledgeristestedperiodicallybypreparingatrialbalance,whichliststhebalanceineachaccountafterthepostingprocesshasbeencompleted.总分类账的借贷平衡是通过定期编制试算平衡表来测试的，其中列出每个账户全部过账后的余额。Tomeasureincome,businessesmustapplyaccountingprinciplesandconcepts,suchastheaccountingperiod,accrual-basisaccounting,therevenueprinciple,andthematchingprinciple.为了衡量收入，企业必须采用一些会计原则和概念，如会计期间、权责发生制、收入原则、配比原则等。Notes

UnitThreeAccrual-basisaccountingrequirestheaccountantentersthetransactionswhenthebusinessperformsaserviceorincursandexpense.Theeffectofeverytransactionisrecordedwhenthetransactionoccurs,notjustwhencashisreceivedorpaid.Theaccrual-basisaccountingisthemoreaccurateandcommonmethodused.权责发生制对基础的会计要求在提供劳务和发生费用时记录经济交易。在交易发生时予以记录而不论款项是否收付。权责发生制更加精确而且常用。Notes

UnitThreeGAAP:GeneralAcceptedAccountingPrinciple一般公认会计原则1937年美国会计程序委员会（CAP）发表第一号会计研究公告，开创了由政府机关或行业组织颁布“一般通用会计”的先河。一般通用会计原则是指适用于各个不同行业的企业的，包括从会计的基本概念、基本假设等基本原理到具体会计计量和编制财务报表的程序及方法的规定。通常一个国家的会计体系就是指一般通用会计。一般可以分为国际性和区域性的，如美国的叫USGAAP，中国的就是2006年新颁布的会计准则，一般由专门的会计准则委员会制定balancesheet:资产负债表反映特定时日财务状况的报表，反映资产总额等于负债总额加所有者权益的平衡关系，是主要的会计报表之一。Exercises

UnitThreeI.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTfortrueandFforfalse.()1.Journalentriesaremadebeforetheyhavebeenenteredintotheledgeraccounts.

()2.Thepostingreferencecolumnofajournalorledgershouldnotbeemptyuntilpostingisdone.()3.Theequalityofatrialbalancemeansthattherearenoerrormadeinthepreviousaccountingprocedures.()4.Thetrialbalancewouldlocatethefollowingerror:AmachinewaspurchasedforcashbutinsteadofcreditingCash,thecreditwasmadetoAccountsReceivable.()5.Steps1-3intheaccountingcyclearecompletedattheendofeachaccountingperiod.TFTFFExercises

UnitThreeII.Choosethebestanswer.1.TraylorCompanypaid$2,850onaccount.Theeffectofthistransactionontheaccountingequationisto_____.A.Decreaseassetsanddecreaseowner’sequityB.Increaseliabilitiesanddecreaseowner’sequityC.HavenoeffectontotalassetsD.Decreaseassetsanddecreaseliabilities2.NotePayablehasanormalbeginningbalanceof$30,000.Duringtheperiod,newborrowingstotal$63,000andtheendingbalanceinNotePayableis$41,000.Determinethepaymentsonloansduringtheperiod._____.A.$74,000B.$52,000C.$134,000D.Cannotbedeterminedfromtheinformationgiven√√Exercises

UnitThree3.Whichoftheseis(are)anexampleofanassetaccount?_____.A.Cash B.AccountsreceivableC.InvestmentsD.Alloftheabove4.Whichofthesestatementsisfalse?_____.A.IncreasesinassetsandincreaseinrevenuesarerecordedwithadebitB.Increasesinliabilitiesandincreasesinowner’sequityarerecordedwithacreditC.IncreasesinbothassetsandexpensesarerecordedwithadebitD.Decreasesinliabilitiesandincreasesinexpensesarerecordedwithadebit√√Exercises

UnitThree5.TheendingCashaccountbalanceis$57,600.Duringtheperiod,cashreceiptsequal$124,300.Ifthecashpaymentsduringtheperiodtotal$135,100,thenthebeginningCashamountmusthave_____.A.$68,400B.$46,800C.$181,900D.Cannotbedeterminedfromtheinformationgiven√AccountingEnglishUnitFourLearningObjectives

UnitFourtoprepareadjustedtrialbalance;tousetheworksheet;tocloseentries;topreparepost-closingtrialbalance;tounderstandpreparingreversingentriesisanoptionalprocess.

Inthepreviousunit,wedescribedandillustratedtheanalysisandrecordingoftransactions,postingtotheledger,etc..Inthisunit,wecompleteourdiscussionoftheaccountingcyclebymakingadjustments,preparingatrialbalance,preparingfinancialstatements,etc..Warming-up

UnitFourVocabulary

UnitFourapportionoutlayaccrueadjustedtrialbalancereflectequalityworksheetfacilitateduplicationclosingentries分派，分摊费用，花费；支出自然增加调整后试算平衡表反映相等工作表促进加倍，重复结账分录Notes

UnitFourrevenuerecognitionprinciple收入确认原则Theadjustedtrialbalanceispreparedaftertheadjustingentrieshavebeenjournalizedandposted.Itistheonethatreflectsrevisedaccountbalanceduetotheend-of-periodadjustments.Theadjustedtrialbalanceservesasthebasisforthepreparationofthefinancialstatements.在调整分录全部登记入日记账并过账后需编制调整后的试算平衡表。它反映了经期末调整后修正的账户余额，调整后的试算平衡表将作为编制财务报表的基础。Notes

UnitFourInactualpractice,aworksheetispreparedtofacilitatethepreparationofformalfinancialstatements,itisusedtogatherinformationonadjustmentsandaccountbalancesforthefinancialstatements.在实践中，工作底稿是为了便于编制正式的财务报表而编制的，是用以归集财务报表所需的账户余额及调整信息。Exercises

UnitFourI.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTfortrueandFforfalse.()1.Ifattheendofanaccountingperiodthereisadebitbalanceintheincomesummaryaccount,thismeansthattherevenuehasexceededexpense.()2.Theimportantroleoftheworksheetistoaidtheaccountantbybringingtogetherallthedataneededforpreparingfinancialstatements.()3.EnteringtheadjustmentsintheAdjustmentscolumnofaworksheetmakeitunnecessarytorecordandpostadjustingentries.()4.Thepost-closingtrialbalanceisthelastcheckontheequalityofdebitsandcreditswithinthegeneralledger,beforestartinganotheraccountingperiod.()5.Aworksheetisasubstituteforthefinancialstatements.FFTTFExercises

UnitFourII.Choosethebestanswer.1.During2007,BustamanteCo.incurredsalaryexpenseof$240,000.BeginningandendingSalaryPayablewas$4,000and$8,000,respectively,In2007,Busatamantepaidsalariesof_____.A.$248,000B.$240,000C.$236,000D.$244,0002.During2007,Busatamantereceived$600,000forservicerevenue.Bustamantehasnotreceived$30,000forservicesalreadyperformedin2007.Busatamantealsoinvested$20,000intothebusiness.Busatamanteshouldreportservicerevenuefor2007of_____.A.$550,000B.$570,000C.$580,000D.$630,000√√Exercises

UnitFour3.Recordinganexpensewhenitispaidinsteadofwhenincurredisaviolationof_____.A.ThematchingprincipleB.ThetimeperiodconceptC.ThereliabilityconceptD.Therevenueprinciple4.OnJuly31,$3,600ispaidforaone-yearinsurancepolicy.OnDecember31,theadjustingentryforprepaidinsurancewouldinclude_____.A.adebittoInsuranceExpense,$3,600B.acredittoCashC.adebittoInterestReceivableD.acredittoSalaryPayable√√Exercises

UnitFour5.Anadjustingentrycouldcontainallofthefollowingexcept_____.A.adebittoUnearnedRevenueB.acredittoCashC.adebittoInterestReceivableD.acredittoSalaryPayable√AccountingEnglishUnitFiveLearningObjectives

UnitFivetounderstandthedefinitionofassets;tounderstandtheclassificationofassets.

Onehospitalmaintainsanauxiliarygeneratorforuseinelectricaloutages.Suchoutagesarerare,andthegeneratorhasnotbeenusedforthepasttwoyears.Shouldthegeneratorbereportedasafixedassetonthishospital’sbalancesheet?Warming-up

UnitFiveVocabulary

UnitFiveintangibledeferredsubsequentadministrativeobligationconversioncategoryutilizationexpenditurerenovationsalvagedepreciationamortize无形的延期的后来的，其次的管理的；行政的义务变换；转化；换算种类利用，使用支出，消费修理残(货价)值折旧摊销，分期偿付Notes

UnitFiveintangibleasset:assetsthataresaleablethoughnotmaterialorphysical无形资产，或称immaterialasset。它是指没有实物形态的资本性资产，其价值反映了企业所拥有的权益和未来的收益，如版权、专利、商标、信誉等。Currentassetsareassetsthatareexpectedtobeconvertedtocash,sold,orconsumedduringthenext12monthsorwithinthebusiness’normaloperatingcycleiflongerthanayear.Currentassetsofenterprisesshallincludecashonhand,cashinbank,marketablesecurities,receivable,prepaymentsandinventory.流动资产是预期能在一年或超过一年的一个营业周期内变现、出售或耗用的资产。企业的流动资产，包括库存现金、银行存款、有价证券、应收账款、预付账款以及存货。Notes

UnitFiveReceivablesandprepaymentsincludenotesreceivable,accountsreceivable,otherreceivables,accountsprepaidandprepaidexpenses,etc.应收及预付款各项包括：应收票据、应收账款、其他应收款、预付账款、待摊费用等。Provisionforbaddebtsmaybesetuponaccountsreceivableandtheprovisionforbaddebtsshallbeshownasadeductionitemofaccountsreceivableinthefinancialstatement.

应收账款可以计提坏账准备金。坏账准备金在会计报表中作为应收账款的备抵项目列示。Inventoriesrefertomerchandise,finishedgoods,semi-finishedgoods,goodsinprocess,andallkindsofmaterials,fuels,containers,low-valueandperishablearticlesandsoonthatstockedforthepurposeofsale,productionorconsumptionduringtheproductionoperationalprocess.

存货是指企业在生产经营过程中为销售或耗用而储存的各种资产，包括商品、产成品、半成品、在产品以及各类材料、燃料、包装物、低值易耗品等。long-termasset即long-livedasset,也是指固定资产。Furnitureandfixtures家具和装修，家具指办公所许的桌子、椅子、办公柜等器具；装修指室内壁纸、吸音板、吊灯等装潢设施。Notes

UnitFiveFixedassetsrefertotheassetswhoseusefullifeisoveroneyear,unitvalueisabovetheprescribedcriteriaandwhereoriginalphysicalformremainsduringtheprocessofutilization,includingbuildingandstructures,machineryandequipment,transportationequipment,toolsandimplement,etc.固定资产是指使用年限在一年以上，单位价值在规定标准以上，并在使用过程中保持原来物质形态的资产，包括房屋及建筑物、机器设备、运输设备、工具器具等。Notes

UnitFivetangibleasset有形的固定资产，也称有实体的固定资产。它与无形固定资产构成固定资产总体。(本单元没有,如果中间有plant)plantandequipment厂房和设备。这是指企业在生产和经营的过程中所使用的固定资产，包括土地、厂房、机器、设备、运输工具等。与fixedasset和下文的property,plantandequipment意思一样。狭义的plant是指厂房。Notes

UnitFiveExercises

UnitFiveI.

Choosethebestanswer.1.Whenspecificfundsareborrowedtopayforconstructionofassetsthatqualifyforcapitalizationofinterest,theexcessfundsnotneededtopayforconstructionmaybetemporarilyinvestedininterest-bearingsecurities.Interestearnedonthesetemporaryinvestmentsshouldbe:A.offsetagainstinterestcostincurredduringconstruction.B.usedtoreducethecostofassetsbeingconstructed.C.multipliedbyanappropriateinterestratetodeterminetheamountofinteresttobecapitalized.D.recognizedasrevenueoftheperiod.√Exercises

UnitFive2.Foranon-monetaryexchangeofplantassets,iftheexchangelackscommercialsubstance,accountingrecognitionshouldnotbegivento:A.alosswhentheassetsexchanged.B.againwhentheassetsexchanged.C.partofagainwhentheassetsexchangedandcashisreceived.D.nogainorloss.√Exercises

UnitFive3.Thebookvalueofanassetclassifiedasplantandequipmentisobtainedby:A.deductingaccumulateddepreciationfromtherevenuetheassethasproduced.B.deductingaccumulateddepreciationfromtheoriginalcostoftheasset.C.deductingaccumulateddepreciationfromtheoriginalcostoftheassetlessitssalvagevalue.D.deductingtheoriginalcostoftheassetfromitscurrentmarketvalue.√Exercises

UnitFive4.Plantassetspurchasedinexchangeforissuingazero-interest-bearingnoteshouldbeaccountedforatthe:A.facevalueofthenote.B.fairvalueoftheassetreceived.C.bookvalueoftheassetreceived.D.presentvalueofthenote.√Exercises

UnitFive5.Uponpurchaseofcertaindepreciableassetsusedinitsproductionprocess,acompanyexpectstobeabletoreplacetheseassetsbyadoptingapolicyofneverdeclaringdividendsinamountlargerthannetincome.Ifanetincomeisearnedeachyear,recordingdepreciationwillcoincidentallyresultinretentionofsufficientassetswithintheenterprise.Ifinliquidform,theseassetscouldbeusedtoreplacethosefullydepreciatedassetsif:A.pricesremainreasonablyconstantduringthelifeofproperty.B.pricesrisethroughthelifeofproperty.C.theretirementdepreciationsystemisused.D.obsolescencewasanunexpectedfactorinbringingaboutretirementoftheassetsreplaced.√Exercises

UnitFive6.WCompanydeterminesthataprintingpressusedinitsoperationshassufferedapermanentimpairmentinvaluebecauseoftechnologicalchanges.Anentrytorecordtheimpairmentshouldbetheexc