高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习

高一至高二英语衔接·语法新课主谓一致（**）主谓一致的概念。所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式）。主谓一致的种类一、【语法一致】1.<and连接>两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.

他和她都是这个学校的学生。（2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。2.如果主语是<不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句>的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collectingstampsishishobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。Toloveherisnottobreakherwings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。.3.定语从句的<关系代词who,which,that>在从句中作主语时，要与<先行词>的人称和数保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数<随主语的变化>而变化。例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。二、[意义一致原则]指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。（有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。）不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整个苹果都烂了。Noneofthemoney_____left.没有剩下一点钱。Noneofthestudents_____there.没有学生在那里。2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候,<谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致>。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的苹果坏了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Hisfamily____goingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到。一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Thepairofshoesiswornout.这双鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。7.某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，谓语动词应用单数。Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。如：不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词<即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时>，谓语动词仍用单数形式。every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.听不到任何声音。9.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每种方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。11.如果主语有morethanone很多非常…或manya许多……构成，oneandahalf与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.但是，“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.Manyaboyhasseenit.许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.RootsisafamousAmericannovel.三、[就近原则]either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.[注意事项]thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)(这一类人),但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数,allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.3.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和这种情况类似的还有“anumberof+名词复数”。但是,“thenumberof+名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”;insmallquantities意为“少量”。4.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:5.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable..6.单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类)7.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.高中英语主谓一致专项练习题1.

One-third

of

the

area

_____

covered

with

green

trees.

About

seventy

percent

of

the

trees

_____

been

planted.

A.

are;

have

B.

is;

has

C.

is;

have

D.

are;

has

2.

The

number

of

teachers

in

our

college

_____

greatly

increased

last

term.A

number

of

teachers

in

this

school

_____

from

the

countryside.

A.

was;

is

B.

was;

are

C.

were;

are

D.

were;

is

3.

What

_____

the

population

of

China?

One-third

of

the

population

_____

workers

here.

A.

is;

are

B.

are;

are

C.

is;

is

D.

are;

is

4.

Not

only

he

but

also

we

_____

right.

He

as

well

as

we

_____

right.

A.

are;

are

B.

are;

is

C.

is;

is

D.

is;

are

5.

What

he’d

like

_____

a

digital

watch.

What

hed

like

_____

textbooks.

A.

are;

are

B.

is;

is

C.

is;

are

D.

are;

is

6.

He

is

one

of

the

boys

who

_____

here

on

time.

He

is

the

only

one

of

the

boys

who

_____

here

on

time.

A.

has

come;

have

come

B.

have

come;

has

come

C.

has

come;

has

come

D.

have

come;

have

come

7.

Either

you

or

he

_____

interested

in

playing

chess.

_____

you

or

he

fond

of

music

at

present?

A.

are;

Are

B.

is;

Are

C.

are;

Is

D.

is;

Is

8.

Many

a

professor

_____

looking

forward

to

visiting

Germany

now.

Many

scientists

_____

studied

animals

and

plants

in

the

last

two

years.

A.

is;

have

B.

is;

has

C.

are;

have

D.

is;

are

9.

A

knife

and

a

fork

_____

on

the

table.

A

knife

and

fork

_____

on

the

table.

A.

is;

is

B.

are;

are

C.

are;

is

D.

is;

are

10.

Her

family

_____

much

larger

than

mine

four

years

ago.

Her

family

_____

dancing

and

singing

when

I

came

in

last

night.

A.

were;

was

B.

was;

were

C.

was;

was

D.

were;

were

11.

How

and

why

Jack

came

to

China

_____

not

known.

When

and

where

to

build

the

new

library

_____

not

been

decided.

A.

is;

has

B.

are;

has

C.

is;

have

D.

are;

have

12.

Now

Tom

together

with

his

classmates

_____

football

on

the

playground.

A.

play

B.

are

playing

C.

plays

D.

is

playing

13.

Two

hundred

and

fifty

pounds

_____

too

unreasonable

a

price

for

a

second-hand

car.

A.

is

B.

are

C.

were

D.

be

14.

All

but

Dick

_____

in

Class

Three

this

term.

A.

are

B.

is

C.

were

D.

was

15.

Soon

after

the

earthquake,

every

man,

woman

and

child

_____

about

it.

A.

were

talking

B.

was

talking

C.

talk

D.

talks

16.

_____

of

the

land

in

that

district

_____

covered

with

trees

and

grass.

A.

Two

fifth;

is

B.

Two

fifths;

are

C.

Two

fifth;

are

D.

Two

fifths;

is

17.

My

friend

and

classmate

Paul

_____

motorcycles

in

his

spare

time.

A.

race

B.

races

C.

is

raced

D.

is

racing

18.

There

_____

a

pen,

two

pencils,

and

three

books

on

the

desk.

A.

are

B.

is

C.

has

D.

have

19.

The

factory,

including

its

machines

and

buildings,

_____

burnt

last

night.

A.

is

B.

are

C.

were

D.

was

20.

Climbing

hills

_____

of

great

help

to

health.

A.

is

B.

are

C.

were

D.

be

21.

Not

the

teacher

but

the

students

_____

excited.

A.

is

B.

has

C.

are

D.

have

22.

The

injured

in

the

tsunami

_____

good

care

of

by

some

medical

teams.A.

is

taken

B.

are

being

taken

C.

are

taking

D.

is

being

taken

23.

As

I

have

a

meeting

at

four,

ten

minutes

_____

all

that

I

can

spare

to

talk

with

you.

A.

are

B.

was

C.

is

D.

were

24.

Each

man

and

each

woman

_____

asked

to

help

when

the

fire

broke

out.

A.

is

B.

was

C.

are

D.

were

25.

About

60

percent

of

the

students

_____

from

the

south;

the

rest

of

them

_____

from

the

north

and

foreign

countries.

A.

are;

is

B.

is;

is

C.

is;

are

D.

are;

are

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425答案及部分解析：1-5

CBABC

6-10

BBACB

11-15

ADAAB

16-20

DBBDA

21-25

CBCBD

1.

“分数或百分数+of

the+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词或代词的单、复数形式。2.

“the

number

of+名词”作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。“a

number

of+名词”作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。3.

“分数或百分数+of

the

population”作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。4.

or,

either...or,

neither...nor,

not

only...but

also等(关联)连词连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近原则”处理。注意：即使在疑问句中，动词的数也应与最近的主语保持一致。as

well

as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数应与前一主语保持一致。5.

what引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。但当作表语的名词为复数，或what从句是一个具有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词常用复数形式如