句子成分及句型MembersandStructuresofaSentence讲解

句子成分及句型MembersandStructuresofaSentenceI

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语Membersofasentence主语subject谓语predicate宾语object表语predicative宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial同位语appositive句子的主干成分：句子的次要成分：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”1.主语

GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Threeisenough.Doingtheworkishardforhim.

Toseeistobelieve.-名词-代词-数词-动名词-不定式主语在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.Whathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.句首Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.3.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.4.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.5.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.挑出下列句中的主语表示主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致2.谓语

WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.JanelovesChina.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.谓语在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.主语的后面A.简单谓语：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.B.复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。②由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。1.Youmaykeep

thebookfortwoweeks.2.Hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.Wearestudents.

Yourideasoundsgreat.情态动词：canmaywillcouldshould…助动词：be+doinghave/hasdonedo,does,did,don't,didn't由一个动词或动词短语构成。1.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.2.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.3.Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallthetime.

4.Iwouldstayathomeallday.5.Hashecomeback?6.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime挑出下列句中谓语表示动作或行为的对象说明主语“做什么”3.宾语

CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.Mybrother

hasn’t

donehishomework.A

B

C

D宾语在哪里I

bought

acomputer

lastweek.ABCD宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后宾语TomteachesusEnglish.双宾语Hegaveme

somebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.及物动词和不及物动词Isawhimlastweek.Theyeatbreadeveryday.Shesmiledhappily.Theylaughedloudly.Shelookat

theblackboardcarefully.He

listenedto

histeacherinclass.不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词:及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:

挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomewrk.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后4.表语Hermotherisateacher.Thefoodtastesdelicious.常见的系动词有:状态系动词

感官系动词

变化系动词

持续系动词

表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等表示主语变化，become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay等系动词状态系动词表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be。持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay等。感官系动词

主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.变化系动词表示主语变化，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。Iam

hungry.Healwayskept

silentatmeeting.Hebecamemadafterthat.找出表语Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.修饰名词或代词,定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用5.定语She’sagoodbasketballplayer.What’syourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.找出定语Some

people

forgot

tosweepthefloor.

A

B

C

DTheman

downstairs

was

tryingtosleep.

A

B

C

D挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等。6.状语ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesatthere

quietly.②Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.

③Herunsveryslowly.

④Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.

（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）（修饰副词slowly,因此very是副词，作状语）（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）①Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.修饰动词用副词，作状语)找出状语He

began

writing

whenhewaseleven.

A

B

C

DThere

was

abigsmile

onherface.

A

B

C

D指出下列画线部分属于什么状语1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.3.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.4.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

时间状语地点状语原因状语方式状语5.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.

6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.8.Theboyneedsapenverymuch.伴随状语目的状语目的状语程度状语9.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

10.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.11.Iamtallerthanheis.结果状语让步状语比较状语用来补充说明宾语的情况

7.

宾语补足语Weelectedhimourmonitor.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

A

B

C

DThey

callme

Lilysometimes.

A

B

C

D找出宾补

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以解释和说明，近乎于后置定语。

8.