《安全员》课件-第二章 施工现场安全管理

《安全员》TheSecurity第二章施工现场安全管理Chapter2ConstructionSiteSafetyManagement第一节施工现场安全管理要求Section1SafetyManagementRequirementsforConstructionSites1．一般工程的施工现场基本要求1.Basicrequirementsforconstructionsiteofgeneralengineering1)开工前，在施工组织设计(或施工方案)中，必须有详细的施工平面布置图。运输道路、临时用电线路布置、各种管道、仓库、加工车间(作业场所)，主要机械设备位置及工地办公、生活设施等临时工程的安排，均要符合安全要求。1)Beforestartingconstruction,adetailedconstructionlayoutplanmustbeincludedintheconstructionorganizationdesign(orconstructionplan).Thearrangementoftransportationroads,temporarypowerlines,variouspipelines,warehouses,processingworkshops(workplaces),mainmechanicalequipmentlocations,andtemporaryengineeringsuchasofficeandlivingfacilitiesontheconstructionsitemustcomplywithsafetyrequirements.(1)平面布置(1)Planelayout2)工地四周应有与外界隔离的围护设置，人口处一般应有(特殊工程工地除外)工程名称、施工单位名称牌，并设置施工现场平面布置图、施工概况表(或称“施工公告”)、安全纪律(或“施工现场安全管理规定”)。使进入该工地的人，能对该工程的概况有一个基本了解和注意安全的忠告。2)Thereshouldbeanenclosurearoundtheconstructionsitethatisisolatedfromtheoutsideworld.Generally,thereshouldbeasignboardfortheprojectnameandconstructionunitnameinthepopulationarea(excludingspecialconstructionsites),andaconstructionsitelayoutplan,constructionoverviewtable(or"constructionannouncement"),andsafetydiscipline(or"constructionsitesafetymanagementregulations")shouldbesetup.Enablethosewhoentertheconstructionsitetohaveabasicunderstandingoftheprojectoverviewandprovidesafetyadvice.3)工地排水设施应全面规划，排水沟的截面及坡度应进行计算，其设置不得妨碍交通和影响工地周围环境。排水沟还应经常清理疏浚，保持畅通。3)Thedrainagefacilitiesontheconstructionsiteshouldbecomprehensivelyplanned,andthecross-sectionandslopeofthedrainageditchshouldbecalculated.Itssettingshouldnothindertrafficoraffectthesurroundingenvironmentoftheconstructionsite.Thedrainageditchshouldalsoberegularlycleanedanddredgedtomaintainsmoothness.1)工地的人行道、车行道应坚实平坦，保持畅通。主要道路应与主要临时建筑物的道路连通。场内运输道路应尽量减少弯道和交叉点。频繁的交叉处，必须设有明显的警告标志，或设临时交通指挥(指挥人员或指挥信号)。1)Thesidewalksandroadwaysontheconstructionsiteshouldbesolidandflat,andkeptunobstructed.Themainroadsshouldbeconnectedtotheroadsofthemaintemporarybuildings.Thetransportationroadswithinthesiteshouldminimizebendsandintersectionsasmuchaspossible.Atfrequentintersections,obviousWarningsignmustbesetup,ortemporarytrafficcommanders(commandersorcommandsignals)mustbesetup.2)工地通道不得任意挖掘或截断。如因工程需要，必须开挖时，有关部门应事先协调，统一规划。同时将通过道路的沟渠，搭设安全牢固的桥板。2)Accesstotheconstructionsiteshallnotbearbitrarilyexcavatedorcutoff.Ifexcavationisnecessaryduetoengineeringneeds,relevantdepartmentsshouldcoordinateandplaninadvance.Atthesametime,safeandsturdybridgeslabswillbeerectedthroughtheditchesoftheroad.(2)道路运输(2)Roadtransportation1)工地的人行道、车行道应坚实平坦，保持畅通。主要道路应与主要临时建筑物的道路连通。场内运输道路应尽量减少弯道和交叉点。频繁的交叉处，必须设有明显的警告标志，或设临时交通指挥(指挥人员或指挥信号)。1)Thesidewalksandroadwaysontheconstructionsiteshouldbesolidandflat,andkeptunobstructed.Themainroadsshouldbeconnectedtotheroadsofthemaintemporarybuildings.Thetransportationroadswithinthesiteshouldminimizebendsandintersectionsasmuchaspossible.Atfrequentintersections,obviousWarningsignmustbesetup,ortemporarytrafficcommanders(commandersorcommandsignals)mustbesetup.2)工地通道不得任意挖掘或截断。如因工程需要，必须开挖时，有关部门应事先协调，统一规划。同时将通过道路的沟渠，搭设安全牢固的桥板。2)Accesstotheconstructionsiteshallnotbearbitrarilyexcavatedorcutoff.Ifexcavationisnecessaryduetoengineeringneeds,relevantdepartmentsshouldcoordinateandplaninadvance.Atthesametime,safeandsturdybridgeslabswillbeerectedthroughtheditchesoftheroad.(2)道路运输(2)Roadtransportation1)一切建筑施工器材(包括建筑材料、预制构件、施工设施构件等)都应该按施工平面布置图规定的地点分类堆放整齐稳固。各类材料的堆放不得超过规定高度。严禁靠近场地围护栅栏及其他建筑物墙壁堆置，且其间距应在50cm以上，两头空间应予封闭，防止有人人内，发生意外伤害事故。1)Allconstructionequipment(includingbuildingmaterials,prefabricatedcomponents,constructionfacilitycomponents,etc.)shouldbeclassifiedandstackedneatlyandstablyaccordingtothelocationspecifiedintheconstructionlayoutplan.Thestackingofvariousmaterialsshallnotexceedthespecifiedheight.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtopileupfencesandotherbuildingwallsnearthesite,andtheirspacingshouldbemorethan50cm.Thespaceatbothendsshouldbeclosedtopreventaccidentalinjuryaccidentscausedbypeopleinside.3)油漆及其稀释剂和其他对职工健康有害物质，应该存放在通风良好、严禁烟火的专用仓库。沥青应放置在干燥、通气的场所。3)Paints,theirdiluents,andothersubstancesharmfultoemployeehealthshouldbestoredinawellventilatedandstrictlyprohibitedwarehouse.Asphaltshouldbeplacedinadryandventilatedplace.2)作业中使用剩余器材及现场拆下来的模板、脚手架杆件和余料、废料等都应随时清理回收，并且将钉子拔掉或者打弯再分类集中堆放。2)Theremainingequipmentusedintheoperation,aswellasthedismantledtemplates,scaffoldingrods,surplusmaterials,wastematerials,etc.,shouldbecleanedandrecycledatanytime,andthenailsshouldbepulledoutorbentbeforebeingclassifiedandstackedinacentralizedmanner.(3)材料堆放(3)Materialstacking1)一切建筑施工器材(包括建筑材料、预制构件、施工设施构件等)都应该按施工平面布置图规定的地点分类堆放整齐稳固。各类材料的堆放不得超过规定高度。严禁靠近场地围护栅栏及其他建筑物墙壁堆置，且其间距应在50cm以上，两头空间应予封闭，防止有人人内，发生意外伤害事故。1)Allconstructionequipment(includingbuildingmaterials,prefabricatedcomponents,constructionfacilitycomponents,etc.)shouldbeclassifiedandstackedneatlyandstablyaccordingtothelocationspecifiedintheconstructionlayoutplan.Thestackingofvariousmaterialsshallnotexceedthespecifiedheight.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtopileupfencesandotherbuildingwallsnearthesite,andtheirspacingshouldbemorethan50cm.Thespaceatbothendsshouldbeclosedtopreventaccidentalinjuryaccidentscausedbypeopleinside.3)油漆及其稀释剂和其他对职工健康有害物质，应该存放在通风良好、严禁烟火的专用仓库。沥青应放置在干燥、通气的场所。3)Paints,theirdiluents,andothersubstancesharmfultoemployeehealthshouldbestoredinawellventilatedandstrictlyprohibitedwarehouse.Asphaltshouldbeplacedinadryandventilatedplace.2)作业中使用剩余器材及现场拆下来的模板、脚手架杆件和余料、废料等都应随时清理回收，并且将钉子拔掉或者打弯再分类集中堆放。2)Theremainingequipmentusedintheoperation,aswellasthedismantledtemplates,scaffoldingrods,surplusmaterials,wastematerials,etc.,shouldbecleanedandrecycledatanytime,andthenailsshouldbepulledoutorbentbeforebeingclassifiedandstackedinacentralizedmanner.(3)材料堆放(3)Materialstacking1)一切建筑施工器材(包括建筑材料、预制构件、施工设施构件等)都应该按施工平面布置图规定的地点分类堆放整齐稳固。各类材料的堆放不得超过规定高度。严禁靠近场地围护栅栏及其他建筑物墙壁堆置，且其间距应在50cm以上，两头空间应予封闭，防止有人人内，发生意外伤害事故。1)Allconstructionequipment(includingbuildingmaterials,prefabricatedcomponents,constructionfacilitycomponents,etc.)shouldbeclassifiedandstackedneatlyandstablyaccordingtothelocationspecifiedintheconstructionlayoutplan.Thestackingofvariousmaterialsshallnotexceedthespecifiedheight.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtopileupfencesandotherbuildingwallsnearthesite,andtheirspacingshouldbemorethan50cm.Thespaceatbothendsshouldbeclosedtopreventaccidentalinjuryaccidentscausedbypeopleinside.3)油漆及其稀释剂和其他对职工健康有害物质，应该存放在通风良好、严禁烟火的专用仓库。沥青应放置在干燥、通气的场所。3)Paints,theirdiluents,andothersubstancesharmfultoemployeehealthshouldbestoredinawellventilatedandstrictlyprohibitedwarehouse.Asphaltshouldbeplacedinadryandventilatedplace.2)作业中使用剩余器材及现场拆下来的模板、脚手架杆件和余料、废料等都应随时清理回收，并且将钉子拔掉或者打弯再分类集中堆放。2)Theremainingequipmentusedintheoperation,aswellasthedismantledtemplates,scaffoldingrods,surplusmaterials,wastematerials,etc.,shouldbecleanedandrecycledatanytime,andthenailsshouldbepulledoutorbentbeforebeingclassifiedandstackedinacentralizedmanner.(3)材料堆放(3)Materialstacking安全设施如安全网、洞口盖板、护栏、防护罩、各种限制保险装置都必须齐全有效，并且不得擅自拆除或移动，因施工确实需要移动时，必须经工地施工管理负责人同意，并需采取相应的临时安全措施，在完工后立即复原。Safetyfacilitiessuchassafetynets,holecovers,guardrails,protectivecovers,andvariousrestrictedinsurancedevicesmustbecompleteandeffective,andmustnotberemovedormovedwithoutauthorization.Whenconstructiondoesrequiremovement,itmustbeapprovedbytheconstructionmanagementresponsiblepersonontheconstructionsite,andcorrespondingtemporarysafetymeasuresmustbetaken,andimmediatelyrestoredaftercompletion.(4)施工现场的安全设施(4)Safetyfacilitiesattheconstructionsite施工现场除应设置安全宣传标语牌外，危险部位还必须悬挂按照GB32893-82《安全色》和GB32894-82《安全标志》规定的标牌。夜间有人经过的坑洞等处还应设红灯示警。Inadditiontosettingupsafetypropagandasignsontheconstructionsite,dangerousareasmustalsohangsignsinaccordancewithGB32893-82"SafetyColors"andGB32894-82"SafetySigns".Redlightsshouldalsobesetuptowarnpeoplepassingthroughpitsandotherplacesatnight.(5)安全标牌(5)Safetysigns(1)特殊工程系指工程本身的特殊性或工程所在区域的特殊性或采用的施工工艺、方法有特殊要求的工程。有的是整体工程属于特殊工程施工现场，也有的仅是分部分项工程属于特殊工程施工现场。(1)Specialengineeringreferstoprojectsthathavespecialcharacteristicsoftheprojectitselfortheareawheretheprojectislocated,orhavespecialrequirementsfortheconstructionprocessandmethodsused.Someoftheoverallprojectsbelongtospecialengineeringconstructionsites,whileothersareonlysubprojectsbelongingtospecialengineeringconstructionsites.2．特殊工程施工现场基本要求2.Basicrequirementsforspecialengineeringconstructionsites1)编制特殊工程施工现场安全管理制度并向参加施工的全体职工进行安全教育和交底。1)Developasafetymanagementsystemforspecialengineeringconstructionsitesandprovidesafetyeducationanddisclosuretoallemployeesparticipatingintheconstruction.3)强化安全监督检查制度，并认真做好安全日记。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.2)特殊工程施工现场周围要设置围护，要有出入制度并设门卫(值班人员)。2)Surroundingsshouldbesetuparoundtheconstructionsiteofspecialprojects,andthereshouldbeanaccesssystemandaguard(ondutypersonnel).(2)特殊工程施工现场安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，还应根据特殊工程的性质、施工特点、要求等制定有针对性的安全管理和安全技术措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:1)编制特殊工程施工现场安全管理制度并向参加施工的全体职工进行安全教育和交底。1)Developasafetymanagementsystemforspecialengineeringconstructionsitesandprovidesafetyeducationanddisclosuretoallemployeesparticipatingintheconstruction.3)强化安全监督检查制度，并认真做好安全日记。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.2)特殊工程施工现场周围要设置围护，要有出入制度并设门卫(值班人员)。2)Surroundingsshouldbesetuparoundtheconstructionsiteofspecialprojects,andthereshouldbeanaccesssystemandaguard(ondutypersonnel).(2)特殊工程施工现场安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，还应根据特殊工程的性质、施工特点、要求等制定有针对性的安全管理和安全技术措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:1)编制特殊工程施工现场安全管理制度并向参加施工的全体职工进行安全教育和交底。1)Developasafetymanagementsystemforspecialengineeringconstructionsitesandprovidesafetyeducationanddisclosuretoallemployeesparticipatingintheconstruction.3)强化安全监督检查制度，并认真做好安全日记。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.2)特殊工程施工现场周围要设置围护，要有出入制度并设门卫(值班人员)。2)Surroundingsshouldbesetuparoundtheconstructionsiteofspecialprojects,andthereshouldbeanaccesssystemandaguard(ondutypersonnel).(2)特殊工程施工现场安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，还应根据特殊工程的性质、施工特点、要求等制定有针对性的安全管理和安全技术措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:4)对于从事危险作业的人员要进行安全检测和设置监护。如在容器内、地下室，特别是作防水、防腐蚀涂料、油漆、爆破、吊装拆除工程和滑模施工等。4)Forpersonnelengagedinhazardousoperations,safetytestingandmonitoringshouldbecarriedout.Forexample,incontainersandbasements,especiallyforwaterproofing,anti-corrosioncoatings,painting,blasting,liftinganddemolitionengineering,andslidingformconstruction.6)要备有灭火、防爆炸等的器材物资。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.5)施工现场应设医务室或派医务人员。5)Amedicalroomshouldbesetupormedicalpersonnelshouldbedispatchedattheconstructionsite.(2)特殊工程施工现场安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，还应根据特殊工程的性质、施工特点、要求等制定有针对性的安全管理和安全技术措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:4)对于从事危险作业的人员要进行安全检测和设置监护。如在容器内、地下室，特别是作防水、防腐蚀涂料、油漆、爆破、吊装拆除工程和滑模施工等。4)Forpersonnelengagedinhazardousoperations,safetytestingandmonitoringshouldbecarriedout.Forexample,incontainersandbasements,especiallyforwaterproofing,anti-corrosioncoatings,painting,blasting,liftinganddemolitionengineering,andslidingformconstruction.6)要备有灭火、防爆炸等的器材物资。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.5)施工现场应设医务室或派医务人员。5)Amedicalroomshouldbesetupormedicalpersonnelshouldbedispatchedattheconstructionsite.(2)特殊工程施工现场安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，还应根据特殊工程的性质、施工特点、要求等制定有针对性的安全管理和安全技术措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:4)对于从事危险作业的人员要进行安全检测和设置监护。如在容器内、地下室，特别是作防水、防腐蚀涂料、油漆、爆破、吊装拆除工程和滑模施工等。4)Forpersonnelengagedinhazardousoperations,safetytestingandmonitoringshouldbecarriedout.Forexample,incontainersandbasements,especiallyforwaterproofing,anti-corrosioncoatings,painting,blasting,liftinganddemolitionengineering,andslidingformconstruction.6)要备有灭火、防爆炸等的器材物资。3)Strengthenthesafetysupervisionandinspectionsystem,andcarefullykeepasafetydiary.5)施工现场应设医务室或派医务人员。5)Amedicalroomshouldbesetupormedicalpersonnelshouldbedispatchedattheconstructionsite.(2)特殊工程施工现场安全管理，除一般工程的基本要求外，还应根据特殊工程的性质、施工特点、要求等制定有针对性的安全管理和安全技术措施，基本要求是：(2)Inadditiontothebasicrequirementsofgeneralengineering,specialengineeringconstructionsitesafetymanagementshouldalsodeveloptargetedsafetymanagementandsafetytechnicalmeasuresbasedonthenature,constructioncharacteristics,requirements,etc.ofthespecialengineering.Thebasicrequirementsare:把“综合治理”充实到安全生产方针当中，始于党的十六届五中全会上的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》，并在胡锦涛总书记、温家宝总理的讲话中得到了进一步明确。这一完善和发展，更好地反映了安全生产工作的规律和特点。综合运用经济手段、法律手段和必要的行政手段，从发展规划、行业管理、安全投入、科技进步、经济政教育培训、安全立法、激励约束、企业管理、监管体制、社会监督以及追究事故责任、査处违法违纪等方面着手，解决影响制约安全生产的历史性、深层次问题，建立安全生产的长效机制。The"comprehensivemanagement"approachtoproductionsafetybeganattheFifthPlenarySessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee's"ProposalfortheEleventhFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment"andwasfurtherclarifiedinthespeechesofGeneralSecretaryHuJintaoandPremierWenJiabao.Thisrefinementanddevelopmentbetterreflectsthelawsandcharacteristicsofworkinproductionsafety.Thecomprehensiveuseofeconomic,legalandnecessaryadministrativemeans,fromdevelopmentplanning,industrymanagement,safetyinvestment,scientificandtechnologicalprogress,economicandpoliticaleducationandtraining,safetylegislation,incentivesandconstraints,enterprisemanagement,regulatorysystem,socialsupervision,aswellasthepursuitofresponsibilityforaccidents,investigationandpunishmentofviolationsoflawanddiscipline,etc.,tosolvethehistoricalanddeep-rootedproblemsaffectingtheconstraintsonproductionsafety,andestablishalong-termmechanismforproductionsafety.综合治理Comprehensivegovernance(1)在编制施工组织设计(或施工方案)时，应有消防安全要求。如施工现场平面布置、暂设工程(临时建筑)搭建位置、用火用电和易燃易爆物品的安全管理、工地消防设施和消防责任制等都应按消防要求周密考虑和落实。(1)Whenpreparingtheconstructionorganizationdesign(orconstructionplan),thereshouldbefiresafetyrequirements.Thelayoutoftheconstructionsite,thelocationoftemporaryconstructionprojects(temporarybuildings),thesafetymanagementoffire,electricity,andflammableandexplosivematerials,thefireprotectionfacilitiesandfireresponsibilitysystemontheconstructionsiteshouldbecarefullyconsideredandimplementedinaccordancewithfireprotectionrequirements.(2)施工现场要明确划分用火作业区、易燃、可燃材料堆放场、仓库、易燃废品集中点和生活区等。各区域之间间距要符合防火规定。(2)Theconstructionsiteshouldbeclearlydividedintohotworkareas,flammableandcombustiblematerialstorageareas,warehouses,flammablewasteconcentrationpoints,andlivingareas.Thespacingbetweeneachareashouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations.3．防火3.Fireprevention1)临时宿舍尽可能搭建在离开建筑物20m以外；并不得搭在高压架空线路下方，应和高压架空线路保持安全距离。1)Temporarydormitoriesshouldbebuiltasfaraspossible20metersawayfromthebuilding;Itshouldnotbeplacedunderhigh-voltageoverheadlines,andasafedistanceshouldbemaintainedfromhigh-voltageoverheadlines.3)每幢宿舍居住人数，不宜超过100人，每25人要有一个可直接出入的门，门宽不少于1．2m，同时门必须向外开。3)Thenumberofresidentsineachdormitoryshouldnotexceed100,andevery25peopleshouldhaveadirectaccessdoorwithawidthofnolessthan1.2m,andthedoormustopenoutward.2)工棚内顶高度一般不低于2．5m。2)Theheightoftheceilinginsidetheworkshedisgenerallynotlessthan2.5m.(3)工棚或临时宿舍的搭建及间距要符合防火规定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:1)临时宿舍尽可能搭建在离开建筑物20m以外；并不得搭在高压架空线路下方，应和高压架空线路保持安全距离。1)Temporarydormitoriesshouldbebuiltasfaraspossible20metersawayfromthebuilding;Itshouldnotbeplacedunderhigh-voltageoverheadlines,andasafedistanceshouldbemaintainedfromhigh-voltageoverheadlines.3)每幢宿舍居住人数，不宜超过100人，每25人要有一个可直接出入的门，门宽不少于1．2m，同时门必须向外开。3)Thenumberofresidentsineachdormitoryshouldnotexceed100,andevery25peopleshouldhaveadirectaccessdoorwithawidthofnolessthan1.2m,andthedoormustopenoutward.2)工棚内顶高度一般不低于2．5m。2)Theheightoftheceilinginsidetheworkshedisgenerallynotlessthan2.5m.(3)工棚或临时宿舍的搭建及间距要符合防火规定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:1)临时宿舍尽可能搭建在离开建筑物20m以外；并不得搭在高压架空线路下方，应和高压架空线路保持安全距离。1)Temporarydormitoriesshouldbebuiltasfaraspossible20metersawayfromthebuilding;Itshouldnotbeplacedunderhigh-voltageoverheadlines,andasafedistanceshouldbemaintainedfromhigh-voltageoverheadlines.3)每幢宿舍居住人数，不宜超过100人，每25人要有一个可直接出入的门，门宽不少于1．2m，同时门必须向外开。3)Thenumberofresidentsineachdormitoryshouldnotexceed100,andevery25peopleshouldhaveadirectaccessdoorwithawidthofnolessthan1.2m,andthedoormustopenoutward.2)工棚内顶高度一般不低于2．5m。2)Theheightoftheceilinginsidetheworkshedisgenerallynotlessthan2.5m.(3)工棚或临时宿舍的搭建及间距要符合防火规定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:4)一切架空电线均须用固定瓷瓶绝缘，电线穿过墙壁时，必须从瓷管硬塑料管内通过。4)Alloverheadwiresmustbeinsulatedwithfixedporcelainbottles.Whenwirespassthroughwalls,theymustpassthroughhardplasticpipesinporcelaintubes.6)仓库、木工棚及易燃易爆物堆(存)放等处，应张贴(悬挂)醒目的防火标志。6)Clearfiresafetysignsshouldbeposted(hung)inwarehouses,woodworkingsheds,andplaceswhereflammableandexplosivematerialsarestored.5)明火作业必须经有关部门批准后，才可动火。5)Hotworkmustbeapprovedbyrelevantdepartmentsbeforehotworkcanbecarriedout.(3)工棚或临时宿舍的搭建及间距要符合防火规定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:4)一切架空电线均须用固定瓷瓶绝缘，电线穿过墙壁时，必须从瓷管硬塑料管内通过。4)Alloverheadwiresmustbeinsulatedwithfixedporcelainbottles.Whenwirespassthroughwalls,theymustpassthroughhardplasticpipesinporcelaintubes.6)仓库、木工棚及易燃易爆物堆(存)放等处，应张贴(悬挂)醒目的防火标志。6)Clearfiresafetysignsshouldbeposted(hung)inwarehouses,woodworkingsheds,andplaceswhereflammableandexplosivematerialsarestored.5)明火作业必须经有关部门批准后，才可动火。5)Hotworkmustbeapprovedbyrelevantdepartmentsbeforehotworkcanbecarriedout.(3)工棚或临时宿舍的搭建及间距要符合防火规定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:4)一切架空电线均须用固定瓷瓶绝缘，电线穿过墙壁时，必须从瓷管硬塑料管内通过。4)Alloverheadwiresmustbeinsulatedwithfixedporcelainbottles.Whenwirespassthroughwalls,theymustpassthroughhardplasticpipesinporcelaintubes.6)仓库、木工棚及易燃易爆物堆(存)放等处，应张贴(悬挂)醒目的防火标志。6)Clearfiresafetysignsshouldbeposted(hung)inwarehouses,woodworkingsheds,andplaceswhereflammableandexplosivematerialsarestored.5)明火作业必须经有关部门批准后，才可动火。5)Hotworkmustbeapprovedbyrelevantdepartmentsbeforehotworkcanbecarriedout.(3)工棚或临时宿舍的搭建及间距要符合防火规定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:(3)工棚或临时宿舍的搭建及间距要符合防火规定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:7)施工现场必须配备足够数量的防火、灭火设施和器材。如防火工具(消防桶、消防梯、铁锹、安全钩等)、砂箱(池)、消防水池(缸)、消防栓和灭火器。7)Theconstructionsitemustbeequippedwithasufficientnumberoffirepreventionandextinguishingfacilitiesandequipment.Suchasfirepreventiontools(firebuckets,fireladders,shovel,safetyhooks,etc.),sandboxes(pools),firepools(tanks),Firehydrantandfire(3)工棚或临时宿舍的搭建及间距要符合防火规定：(3)Theconstructionandspacingofworkshedsortemporarydormitoriesshouldcomplywithfirepreventionregulations:8)要建立安全防火责任制，并划分防火责任区。8)Weneedtoestablishasafetyandfirepreventionresponsibilitysystemanddividefirepreventionresponsibilityzones.第二节施工安全技术措施SectionIITechnicalMeasuresforConstructionSafety第二节施工安全技术措施SectionIITechnicalMeasuresforConstructionSafety安全技术措施，系指为防止工伤事故和职业病的危害，从技术上采取的措施。Safetytechnicalmeasuresrefertothemeasurestakentechnicallytopreventthehazardsofwork-relatedaccidentsandoccupationaldiseases.第二节施工安全技术措施SectionIITechnicalMeasuresforConstructionSafety安全技术措施，系指为防止工伤事故和职业病的危害，从技术上采取的措施。Safetytechnicalmeasuresrefertothemeasurestakentechnicallytopreventthehazardsofwork-relatedaccidentsandoccupationaldiseases.工程施工中，针对工程的特点、施工现场环境、施工方法、劳动组织、作业方法、使用的机械、动力设备、变配电设施、架设工具以及各项安全防护设施等制定的确保安全施工的措施，称为施工安全技术措施。施工安全技术措施是施工组织设计(或施工方案)的重要组织部分。Intheconstructionoftheproject,themeasurestoensurethesafetyoftheconstructionareformulatedforthecharacteristicsoftheproject,theconstructionsiteenvironment,theconstructionmethod,thelabourorganisation,theoperationmethod,themachineryused,thepowerequipment,thesubstationanddistributionfacilities,theerectiontoolsandthesafetyprotectionfacilities,etc.Theyarecalledconstructionsafetytechnicalmeasures.Constructionsafetytechnicalmeasuresareanimportantpartoftheconstructionorganisationdesign(orconstructionprogramme).工程大致分为两种：一是结构共性较多的称为一般工程；二是结构比较复杂、施工特点较多的称为特殊工程。Theworksarebroadlydividedintotwotypes:firstly,thosewithmorestructuralcommonalitiesarecalledgeneralworks;secondly,thosewithmorecomplexstructuresandconstructionfeaturesarecalledspecialworks.有人认为在安全技术措施中摘录几条标准就可以了。这是行不通的。因为，即使是同类结构的工程，由于施工条件、环境等不同，既有共性，也有不同之处。不同之处在共性措施中就无法解决。因此应根据工程施工特点，将不同危险因素，按照有关规程的规定，结合以往的施工经验与教训，参照以下内容编制安全技术措施。Somepeoplethinkthatafewexcerptsofstandardsinthesafetytechnicalmeasureswillbesufficient.Thisisnotfeasible.Because,evenifitisthesamekindofstructureoftheproject,duetotheconstructionconditions,environmentandotherdifferent,therearecommonality,butalsodifferences.Thedifferencescannotbesolvedinthecommonmeasures.Therefore,accordingtotheconstructioncharacteristicsoftheproject,differentriskfactorsshouldbecompiledinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftherelevantregulations,combinedwithpreviousconstructionexperienceandlessonslearned,withreferencetothefollowingcontentofthetechnicalsafetymeasures.(1)土方工程。根据基坑、基槽、地下室等挖土方深度和土的种类，选择开挖方法，确定边坡的坡度或采取哪种护坡支撑和护地桩，以防土方塌方。(1)Earthwork.Accordingtothedepthofexcavationandthetypeofsoilinthefoundationpit,trenchandbasement,choosetheexcavationmethodanddeterminetheslopeofthesideslopeorwhichkindofslopeprotectionsupportandgroundprotectionpiletopreventtheearthfromcollapsing.(3)高处作业的上下安全通道。(3)Safepassageupanddownforworkingatheight.(2)脚手架、吊篮、工具式脚手架等选用及设计搭设方案和安全防护措施。(2)Selectionanddesignofscaffolding,hangingbaskets,tooledscaffolding,etc.anderectionprogrammesandsafetymeasures.1．一般工程安全技术措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(1)土方工程。根据基坑、基槽、地下室等挖土方深度和土的种类，选择开挖方法，确定边坡的坡度或采取哪种护坡支撑和护地桩，以防土方塌方。(1)Earthwork.Accordingtothedepthofexcavationandthetypeofsoilinthefoundationpit,trenchandbasement,choosetheexcavationmethodanddeterminetheslopeofthesideslopeorwhichkindofslopeprotectionsupportandgroundprotectionpiletopreventtheearthfromcollapsing.(3)高处作业的上下安全通道。(3)Safepassageupanddownforworkingatheight.(2)脚手架、吊篮、工具式脚手架等选用及设计搭设方案和安全防护措施。(2)Selectionanddesignofscaffolding,hangingbaskets,tooledscaffolding,etc.anderectionprogrammesandsafetymeasures.1．一般工程安全技术措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(1)土方工程。根据基坑、基槽、地下室等挖土方深度和土的种类，选择开挖方法，确定边坡的坡度或采取哪种护坡支撑和护地桩，以防土方塌方。(1)Earthwork.Accordingtothedepthofexcavationandthetypeofsoilinthefoundationpit,trenchandbasement,choosetheexcavationmethodanddeterminetheslopeofthesideslopeorwhichkindofslopeprotectionsupportandgroundprotectionpiletopreventtheearthfromcollapsing.(3)高处作业的上下安全通道。(3)Safepassageupanddownforworkingatheight.(2)脚手架、吊篮、工具式脚手架等选用及设计搭设方案和安全防护措施。(2)Selectionanddesignofscaffolding,hangingbaskets,tooledscaffolding,etc.anderectionprogrammesandsafetymeasures.1．一般工程安全技术措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(4)安