译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT1 Period4课件

Period4

UNIT1

Honestyandresponsibility主题语境人与自我——优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任课时学案单元语法讲练(Grammarandusage)resign(one'spost)as...

辞去……职务resignoneselfto(doing)sth．

听任(某种影响)；

只好接受(做)某事；顺从1．resignvt．&vi．辞职，辞去[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Hehadresignedhimselfto________(watch)theEuropeanChampionshipsontelevision．②Heresigned__HomeSecretaryandreturnedtothebackbenches．③我们只好接受销售造成的亏损。Wehadto_____________________________onthesale．watchingasresignourselvestomakingaloss(1)beashamedof(doing)sth．

因(做了)某事而感到羞愧

beashamedtodosth．

耻于做某事；

因难为情而不愿做某事beashamedthat... 对……感到羞愧/尴尬

(2)shamen．

羞耻；惭愧；让人遗憾的事(3)shamefuladj．

可耻的，丢脸的shamelessadj．

无耻的2．ashamedadj．惭愧，羞愧，尴尬[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译①Shewasashamedof__________________(fail)intheexamination．②Shewasashamed_______(tell)anyonethatshehadfailedintheexam．③Itisashame____youcan'tstaywithus．havingfailed/failingtotellthat④我是如此羞愧，以至于我感到心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。a．Iwas____________________asifaknifewerebeingtwistedinmyheart，tearscloudingmyeyes．(so...that)b．_______________________asifaknifewerebeingtwistedinmyheart，tearscloudingmyeyes．(so...that句型的倒装形式)soashamedthatIfeltSoashamedwasIthatIfelt(1)forgivesb．sth．

原谅某人某事forgivesb．for(doing)sth．

因(做)某事原谅某人forgiveandforget 既往不咎(2)forgivenessn．

原谅；宽恕3．forgivevt．&vi．原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Forgivemefor____________(interrupt)，butIreallydon'tagreewiththat．②Theywentdownontheirkneesandbeggedfor_________(forgive)．③我永远都不会原谅你对我所做的事。Iwillnever________________________________________．interruptingforgivenessforgiveyouforwhatyouhavedonetomepretendtodosth．

假装做某事pretendtobe＋n．

自诩/自称/自认为……pretendtobedoingsth．

假装正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth．

假装做了某事pretendthat... 假装……4．pretendvi．&vt．假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译①Shepretendedto___________(study)whenhermothercameback．②Theboypretendedto___________(fall)asleepwhenhisfathercameback．bestudyinghavefallen③当我们在街上相遇时，她假装不认识我，这使我很难过，以至于泪水模糊了我的眼睛。a．She________________________________whenwemetinthestreet，whichmademesofrustratedthattearsblurredmyeyes．(宾语从句)b．She_______________________whenwemetinthestreet，whichmademesofrustratedthattearsblurredmyeyes．(不定式)pretended(that)shedidn'tknowmepretendednottoknowme状语从句一、状语从句概述定义状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。位置状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。分类根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、结果、方式和比较等状语从句。作用它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。二、状语从句详解1．时间状语从句(1)when，while，as引导时间状语从句when从句谓语动词为延续性或非延续性动词，主从句动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。while从句谓语动词为延续性动词或表示状态的词，强调主从句动作同时发生。as从句谓语动词一般为延续性动词。主从句动作同时发生或交替进行，意为“一边……，一边……；随着……”。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived．我们到达时，天正在下雨。WhileJohnwaswatchingTV，hiswifewasreadingbooks．约翰在看电视的时候，他的妻子正在看书。Ashegrewolder，hebecamelessactive．随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。(2)after，before引导时间状语从句after和before表示的是两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系。after引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之前，如果主句用过去时，从句要用过去完成时。before引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句是过去时，主句一般要用过去完成时。before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；趁着”，常用于以下句型中：Itwillbelongbefore...要过好久才……Itwillnotbelongbefore...过不了多久就……Itwaslongbefore...过了好久才……Itwasnotlongbefore...过了不久就……Afterhehadworkedinthefactoryfortenyears，hewentabroad．他在这家工厂工作了10年后就出国了。MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived．我父亲刚好在信到之前去加拿大了。Itwon'tbelongbeforeweknowtheresultoftheexperiment．我们很快就会知道实验结果。(3)since引导时间状语从句since引导时间状语从句时，当从句谓语动词用一般过去时时，主句的谓语一般用现在完成时。IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft．自从你离开以来，我一直在北京。(4)until/till/not...until引导时间状语从句till和until一般情况下可以互换(till一般不放句首)，但是在强调句型中多用until。要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是非延续性动词，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil/tillitwastwelveo'clock．他一直等他父亲到十二点。Tomcannotgotothecinemauntilhefinishescleaningthebicycle．汤姆要把自行车擦干净才能去看电影。(5)表示“一……就……”的连词或短语引导的时间状语从句①该类引导词有：assoonas，themoment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。②在hardly...when...，nosooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。Thenewbuildingprogrammewillgoaheadassoonasthegovernmentreleasesthefunds．政府一旦释放资金，新的建设计划就会开始实施。Wehadhardly/nosoonergottothedestinationwhen/thanwesetouttodosomevolunteerworkthere．＝Hardly/Nosoonerhadwegottothedestinationwhen/thanwesetouttodosomevolunteerworkthere．我们一到达目的地，就开始做一些志愿者工作。(6)其他连接词引导的时间状语从句everytime/eachtime(每次)，(the)nexttime(下次)，anytime(随时)，(the)lasttime(上次)，thefirsttime(第一次)，bythetime(当……的时候)ThefirsttimeIheardofStephenHawking，Iwasmovedbyhisdevotiontotheresearch．当我第一次听说斯蒂芬·霍金时，我就被他对研究的奉献所感动。Bythetimeyoucomeback，we'llhavecompletedtheproject．到你回来的时候，我们将已完成这项工程。[即时训练1]单句语法填空①Thetrainhadleft

hehadtimetodashintotakebackhisbag．②Ithasbeentenweeks

hepostedhisapplicationformtothecompany；however，hehasn'tgotanyreply．③Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe

thecarfactorylaunchesanewmodel?④Thelittlegirlwasabouttogotoschool

somethingserioushappenedtoher．beforesincebeforewhen2．地点状语从句where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。同时地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Whensolvingtheproblemasecondtime，you'dbetterbemorecarefulwhereyoumadeamistake．再次解决这个问题时，你最好在上次出错的地方更仔细一些。Whereverhegoes，hereadilyaccommodatestonewcircumstances．无论到哪儿，他都能随即适应新环境。3．原因状语从句(1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。Hewenttoabigcitybecausehewantedtomakehisfortune．他去了一个大城市，因为他想发财。(2)since/nowthat表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。4．让步状语从句(1)引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，though，while(尽管，虽然)，evenif/though，whether...or...，疑问词＋-ever与nomatter＋疑问词等。Evenifitshouldraintomorrow，wewillcontinueourwork．即使明天下雨，我们也要继续工作。Whetheryougoornot，Iwillgotovisitmyteacher．不管你去不去，我都要去看望我的老师。Whatever/Nomatterwhatyouwanttodo，pleaselookbeforeyouleap．不管你想做什么事，请三思而后行。(2)as引导的让步状语从句需采用部分倒装，有时though引导的让步状语从句也采用部分倒装。Childasheis，heknowsalotaboutthehistoryofChina．虽然他只是个孩子，但是他懂得许多中国历史方面的知识。(注意child前不用冠词)Youngthoughheis，heknowshowtodealwithsuchathing．他虽然年轻，但懂得如何处理这件事。[即时训练2]单句语法填空①________thereisawill，thereisaway．②______________heisyoung，heisexperienced．③_____youarefreetoday，youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics．④Tired_________sheis，shegoesonworking．⑤Youshouldn'tgetangryjust_______somepeoplespeakillofyou．WhereWhile/AlthoughSinceas/thoughbecause5．目的状语从句(1)sothat/inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词can，could等；inorderthat引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后，sothat引导的从句只能位于主句之后。(2)forfearthat(唯恐；以防)与incase引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词有时也用should/might/could＋动词原形。Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeforfearthathisfathermightseehim．男孩躲在树后，怕他的父亲看见他。6．结果状语从句(1)sothat引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前可加逗号。Hemadeanapologytohisteachersothatsheforgavehim．他向老师道歉，结果她原谅了他。(2)so...that中so后面跟形容词或副词；such...that中such后面跟名词。Hewassodiscouragedthathegaveupthisprojectintheend．他如此灰心，以至于他最后放弃了这个项目。Jackissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim．＝Jackissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim．杰克是一个非常诚实的工人，我们都相信他。7．条件状语从句(1)引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if，unless，so(as)longas，onconditionthat，so(as)faras等。Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean．只要你保持书的整洁，你就可以借。[名师点津]条件状语从句中的if不能用whether替换。例如：Ifheisnotintheoffice，hemustbeoutforlunch．如果他没在办公室，那他一定出去吃午饭了。(2)if和unless的用法区别if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless表示反向的条件，意为“除非，如果不……”。Ifyou'vegotexamstomorrow，whydon'tyoustudy?如果你明天有考试，你为什么不学习？Thesportsmeetwillbegintomorrowunlessitrains．运动会明天将要开始举行，除非下雨。(3)given(that)，providing，provided(that)，supposing(that)，suppose(that)，onconditionthat和incase这些连词(词组)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在……条件下”等意思。Alllivingthingsrespireaslongastheylive．所有的生物只要活着都要呼吸。Supposing(that)youfailasecondtime，don'tgetdisappointed，buttryagain．假如你又一次失败了，不要沮丧，再试一次。8．方式状语从句(1)方式状语从句常由as，asif(though)，theway，ratherthan等引导。YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou．你必须按照我给你做的示范来锻炼。Heactedasifnothinghadhappened．他表现得好像什么也没发生一样。(2)as和justas用法区别二者都表示“如……，犹如……，正如……”。justas比as强调的语气更强。Intheearlydays，peoplecouldnotcountaswedonow．在早些时候，人们不和我们现在一样能计数。Mostplantsneedsunlightjustastheyneedwater．大部分植物像它们需要水一样需要阳光。9．比较状语从句比较状语从句常用than，so(as)...as等引导。Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave．我犯的错误比你多很多。Herunsasfastasacheetah．他跑得跟猎豹一样快。[即时训练3]单句语法填空①Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety____ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage．②Youmusttrytoholdthetool__Ido．③Just__wesweepourrooms，weshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds．thatasas用适当的连词完成下面的短文MyclassmateMichaelstudiedveryhard1．_____hewenttoseniorhighschool．Everydayheworked2．__________everyoneelseinourclasslefttheclassroom．Hesaidhewouldn'tstoptrying3．____________hegotsatisfyingscoresinhisstudies．Hard4．_________hetried，hemadelittleprogress，buthedidn'tloseheartatall5．__________hebelievedaslongashepersistedhewouldsucceedoneday．afteruntil/tillunless/untilas/thoughbecause/as6．__timewentby，hemadeimprovementsinhisstudiesandhewasadmittedtoauniversityinBeijingatlast．Wehadhadaget-togetherparty7．______westartedournewlifeinuniversity．Everyonehadgotoffersfromdifferentuniversities，sowehadaverygoodtime．8．______westood9．_____weusedtoplayandstudy，wecouldn'thelpthinkingofourhappyolddays．Webelievedthatwewouldneverforgeteachother，10．________wewouldgoorwhateverwewoulddo．AsbeforeWhenwherewherever①privilegen．荣幸，特殊利益

vt．给予特权，特别优待②presentvt．(以某种方式)展现，显示，表现；(口头或书面)表达，表示③adulthoodn．成年④embracevt．&vi．欣然接受；包含；拥抱⑤phasen．阶段，时期课下预习第二篇课文(Extendedreading)⑥instorefor即将发生的，即将面临的⑦awell-developedsenseofresponsibility高度的责任感⑧beresponsiblefor对……负责⑨burdenvt．(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)；负重⑩anchorn．锚；给以安全感的人(或物)vi．&vt．抛锚；使固定⑪mercyn．仁慈，宽恕atthemercyofsb．/sth．任……处置，对……无能为力⑫likewiseadv．同样地；也，而且⑬take...seriously认真对待……⑭deadlinen．最后期限，截止日期⑮guidancen．指导；导航followsb．'sguidance遵从某人的指导⑯gofarbeyond远远超过……，远远不止……⑰encountervt．遭遇；遇到(尤指令人不快或困难的事)⑱gowrong(情况)出岔子，出差错⑲insteadof而不是⑳faultn．过错，责任；弱点，缺点㉑virtuen．美德；正直的品性；优点㉒integrityn．诚实正直；完整，完好㉓bettermentn．改进；改善；改良㉔organicadj．有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的㉕starfishn．海星，星鱼㉖discouragedadj．灰心的㉗makeadifferenceto对……有影响，对……有作用㉘garbagen．垃圾；废话㉙contributeto有助于，促进；对……做出贡献㉚leadto导致，造成(后果)㉛savingn．节省物，节省；储蓄金㉜bonusn．意外收获，奖金，红利㉝rewardingadj．值得做的，有益的㉞weighonsb．/sth．使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担㉟jaden．玉，碧玉㊱begood-for-nothing一无是处，不中用，无用之人㊲sowvi．&vt．(sowed，sown)播种，种㊳harvestn．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割

vt．&vi．收割，捕猎TakingresponsibilityHonouredguests，teachersandstudents，itismypleasureandprivilege①towelcomeyouheretodayandpresent②mythoughtsonthisspecialoccasion．Students，thetimehasarrivedforyoutofullyacceptyourpassageintoadulthood③．IhaveseenyougrowfromnervousSenior1studentsintoconfidentyoungadults，whositbeforemetoday[1]，readytoembrace④thenextphase⑤ofyourlives．Youmustbebothexcitedandanxiousaboutthenewexperiencesthatareinstorefor⑥you[2]．Don'tworry，foryouareallresponsibleyoungpeople[3]，wellpreparedandwellequippedtosuccessfullymanagethechallengesoftheyearsahead．[1]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词confidentyoungadults。[2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词thenewexperiences。[3]for引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。Atschool，youhavegraduallyunderstoodtheimportanceofawell-developedsenseofresponsibility⑦．Youacceptthatyouareresponsiblefor⑧yoursuccessesandyourfailures．Hopefully，youhavelearnttotreatresponsibilitynotasaweightthatburdens⑨you[4]，butratherasafoundationwhichwillsupportyourfuturedevelopment[5]．Ashipwithoutananchor⑩isatthemercy⑪ofthewavesandwinds;likewise⑫，apersonwhohasnosenseofresponsibility[6]isatthemercyoftheirowncarelessandthoughtlessbehaviour．[4]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词aweight。[5]which引导定语从句，修饰先行词afoundation。[6]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词aperson。Asstudents，youmusttakeyourstudiesseriously⑬andacceptresponsibilityforyourownlearning．Thismeansmeetingdeadlines⑭foryourschoolwork，followingyourteachers'

guidance⑮，andofcourse，alwaysaimingforacademicexcellence．However，yourresponsibilitiesgofarbeyond⑯yourstudies．Asyougothroughyourdailylife[7]，youwillencounter⑰manydifficultsituationswherethingsmaygowrong⑱[8]．Insteadof⑲beingquicktoblameothers，analysetheproblem，andifitisindeedyourownfault⑳，bereadytoadmityourmistakeandthencorrectit．Thisway，youpractisethevirtue㉑ofcourage．Alwaysgiveyourbestinwhateveryousetouttodo[9]，howeverdifficultthatmightbe[10]．Thisway，youpractisethevirtueofdetermination．Behonestbysayingwhatyoumeanandbymeaningwhatyousay．Thisway，youpractisethevirtueofintegrity㉒．Takingresponsibilityinallaspectsofyoureverydaylife，therefore，willhelpbuildastrongcharacter．[7]As引导时间状语从句，as意为“当……的时候”。[8]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词manydifficultsituations。[9]whatever引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。[10]however引导让步状语从句。Apartfrompersonaldevelopment，assumingresponsibilityforyouractionsisalsoimportantforthebetterment㉓ofsociety．Societyisanorganic㉔whole，andassocialbeings，wehavearesponsibilitytomakeacontribution．Youmayhaveheardthestoryofasmallboywhotriedtosavestarfish㉕leftonthebeachafterastorm[11]，bythrowingthembackintothesea．Passers-bytoldhimthathewaswastinghistime，forhecouldnotpossiblysavethemall．However，theboywasnotdiscouraged㉖，believingthathecouldmakeadifferenceto㉗theonesthathesaved[12]．Asaresult，thepassers-byfeltinspiredandjoinedhiminsavingthestarfish．Similarly，thelittlethingsyoudocanmakeadifference!Forexample，pickingupgarbage㉘aroundyourneighbourhood

contributesto㉙acleanerenvironment．Reportingaspeedingcarhelpsensureroadsafety．Beingenergy-efficientleadsto㉚

savings㉛ofourpreciousnaturalresources．Doingvolunteerworkatalocalnursinghomebringsloveandwarmthtotheelderly．Justlikethe“starfishboy”

，youmayeveninspirepeoplearoundyoutodothesame，whichisanaddedbonus㉜[13]．Workingtogether[14]，wehavethepowertograduallybutcontinuouslyadvanceoursociety．[11]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词asmallboy；过去分词短语leftonthebeachafterastorm作后置定语，修饰starfish。[12]动词-ing形式短语believing...作状语；第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词theones。[13]which引导非