译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT2 Period4课件

Period4

UNIT2

Understandingeachother主题语境人与社会——良好的人际关系与社会交往课时学案单元语法讲练(Grammarandusage)(1)give(a)preferenceto... 给……以优惠；优待……haveapreferencefor 喜爱；偏好……(2)prefervt．

较喜欢；喜欢……多于……prefersb．todosth．

宁愿某人做某事；更喜欢某人做某事1．preferencen．偏爱；偏爱的事物preferthat... 更喜欢/希望……，宁愿……preferdoingsth．todoingsth．

和做某事相比更喜欢做某事prefertodosth．ratherthando... 更喜欢做某事而不愿做……[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Somepeopleeatwiththeireyes，sotheyprefer________(order)whatlooksnice．②Ihavethistheorythatmostpeoplepreferbeingatworkto_____(be)athome．③我喜欢跑步，所以我参加了越野跑比赛。I___________________________soItookpartinthecross-countryrunningrace．toorderbeinghaveapreferenceforrunning(1)beembarrassedabout/at

对……感到尴尬(2)embarrassingadj．

令人害羞的，使人难堪的(3)embarrassmentn．

困窘；尴尬toone'sembarrassment 令某人尴尬的是(4)embarrassvt．

使窘迫；使尴尬embarrasssb．with... 因……使某人尴尬a2．embarrassedadj．窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译①Shewas___________(embarrass)whentheykepttellingherhowclevershewas．②Itcanbe____________(embarrass)forchildrentotellcompletestrangersaboutsuchincidents．embarrassedembarrassing③让他难堪的是，他对正发生的事情一无所知。a．____________________wasthathehadnoideaofwhatwasgoingon．(embarrass)b．__________________thathehadnoideaofwhatwasgoingon．(embarrassed)c．____________________，hehadnoideaofwhatwasgoingon．(embarrassment)WhatembarrassedhimHewasembarrassedTohisembarrassment(1)havenointentionofdoingsth．

无意做某事withtheintentionof 抱有……目的withoutintention 无意地；不是故意地3．intentionn．意图，计划(2)intendvt．&vi．

打算；计划；想要intenddoing/todosth．

打算做某事intendsb．todosth．

想要某人做某事(3)intendedadj．

为……打算(或设计)的；

打算的；计划的beintendedfor 专门为……准备/设计的beintendedtodosth．

旨在做某事[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①YouknowIhavenointentionof________(be)awkwardandobstreperous．②Thesegarmentsareintended___professionalsportspeople．③我写信想告诉你这个暑假我打算参加书写训练班。I'mwritingtotellyouthat________________aHandwritingTrainingClassthissummerholiday．beingforIintendtojoin(1)correspondto/with

与……相符合/一致correspondwith 和……通信(2)correspondencen．

通信；相关；来往信件incorrespondencewith 与……通信4．correspondvi．类似于；相一致，符合；通信[即学即练]单句语法填空/句型转换①Thewrittenrecordoftheconversationdoesn'tcorrespond_______whatwasactuallysaid．②Theeditorwelcomes______________(correspond)fromreadersonanysubject．③Youcanmakebetterrelationshipswithothersonlywhenwhatyoudocorrespondswithwhatyousay．→______________________________________________________________________________________(部分倒装)to/withcorrespondenceOnlywhenwhatyoudocorrespondswithwhatyousaycanyoumakebetterrelationshipswithothers．(1)tolerate/stand/bear(sb．)doingsth．

容忍∕忍受(某人)做某事(2)tolerantadj．

宽容的；容忍的betolerantof/to/towards 对……宽容

tolerableadj．

可以接受的；可忍受的(3)tolerancen．

宽容；忍受；忍耐力

5．toleratevt．容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Hecan'ttoleratepeople_______(smoke)whiletheyaretalking．②Hehasavery________(tolerate)attitudetowardsotherreligions．③大多数的中国父母不能容忍他们的孩子在就餐时用筷子敲碗。MostChineseparents_________________________________________withchopstickswhenhavingadinner．[名师点津]表示“容忍；忍受”的动词(短词)还有：bear，stand，putupwith等。smokingtolerantwon'ttoleratetheirchildrenknockingbowls复习定语从句一、定语从句概述充当定语的句子称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又被称为形容词性从句。二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意义；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整，这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger．进行体育锻炼的人长寿。Hisdaughter，whoisinBostonnow，iscominghomenextweek．他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回家。三、关系词的基本用法引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语成分。1．关系代词关系词先行词关系代词在从句中充当的成分who指人主语、宾语whom指人宾语whose指人或物定语关系词先行词关系代词在从句中充当的成分that指人或物主语、宾语、表语、状语which指物或整个主句主语、宾语、表语as指人或物或整个主句主语、宾语、表语Heseemedaforeigner，as/whichinfacthewas．他好像是个外国人，实际上他就是。Ihatethewaythatshealwayscriticizesme．我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。[即时训练1]用适当的关系代词填空①Canyoustillrememberthetime__________wespenttogetherinourchildhood?②Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperienceincaringfortheseanimals．③Hewasnotsick，________someoftheotherpassengerswere．that/whichwho/thatas/which2．关系副词关系词先行词关系副词在从句中充当的成分when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词原因状语Weliveinanagewhenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore．我们生活在一个比以往更容易获得更多信息的时代。AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother．古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouarelateagain?你能告诉我你又迟到了的原因吗？[名师点津]当先行词为situation，case，stage，point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词where引导。[即时训练2]用适当的关系副词填空①AttheChinaArtFestival，therearedifferentstands_____artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors．②Weshallrememberthedays_______westudiedtogether．③Thereason______shewaslatewasnotconvincing．④Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue．wherewhenwhywhen四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句构成句法功能用法指津介词(短语)＋关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom，且不能省略介词＋关系代词＋名词状语关系代词常用which或whose构成句法功能用法指津名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词主语可转化为“whose＋名词”结构数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词

主语数词还可以用some，many，most，each等不定代词替换Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive．那个穷人没房子住。Recently，Iboughtanancientvase，thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable．最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。[即时训练3]单句语法填空①JohnMiltonwroteabook，thetitle__whichisknownbyeverybodybutthecontentsbyfew．②Thecolorlessgas_______whichwecan'tliveiscalledoxygen．③Thereareabout400studentsinourgrade，mostof_______arefromthesamearea．④WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfrom_____wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem．ofwithoutwhomwhich五、关系代词that与which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词指物，且前有介词时The

Readerattractssomanyaudiences，whichmeansthatitbecomesmoreandmorepopularinChina．《读者》吸引了这么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandtheplacethathehadvisitedinthatcountry．他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwastheElephantTrunkHill．在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。ThisistheofficeinwhichIusedtowork．这就是我过去工作过的办公室。六、关系代词which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别

whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等。从句谓语常用被动。意思上“这一点”“正如……，正像……的那样”Theaward-winningbookwaswrittenbyateenager，whichwas，indeed，beyondallexpectations．这本获奖的书是一个十几岁的孩子写的，这确实出乎所有人的意料。Asisknowntousall，failureusuallyresultsfromlazinesswhilediligencecanbringsuccessforus．众所周知，失败通常源于懒惰，而勤奋可以带来成功。[即时训练4]单句语法填空①Mostimportantly，Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification，_____heshowedinNewYorkCity．②Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse，Idecidedtoapplyfortheone____reflectedmyinterest．③____isoftenthecase，asmallchildwillfeelunhappyandevencan'tstopcryingthefirsttimeheorshegoestokindergarten．④Thepresenttimeisthebestgift____youcangivetoyourself．whichthatAsthat短文语境填空ThoughIcan'tremembereverything1．____happenedduringthetime2．_______Iwasinuniversity，Istillremembersomepeopleandthings3．____wererelatedtomybestfriend，4．_____usedtobemonitorinourclass．IfyouwanttoknowwhoistheladythatIreferredtoinmydiary，Icantellyouit'sher，MissBrown．Hereisastory5．__________makesmerememberMissBrownuntilnow．

thatwhenthatwhothat/whichOneafternoon，sheandIarrivedinNewYork，6．_______wewouldspendoursummerholidaytogether．Wewenttothebiggestbookstorein7．________thereweredifferentkindsofbookstobesold．There，shepersuadedmetobuyagrammarbook8．__________couldoffermeknowledgeofgrammarandadictionary9．__________Icouldlookupthenewwordsin．

wherewhichthat/whichthat/whichMissBrownalsoboughtthesamebooks10．__Idid．Justwhenweleftthebookstoreandwerereadytogobacktoouruniversity，abigmanstoppedusandrobbedmeofmynecklace．MissBrowntriedherbesttohelpmeandlostoneofherfingers．as①tofun．豆腐②comeasnosurprise不足为奇③baconn．咸猪肉，熏猪肉④tankn．坦克；(贮放液体或气体的)罐⑤golfn．高尔夫球运动⑥comeabout产生，发生⑦interactvi．沟通；相互作用；交流课下预习第二篇课文(Extendedreading)⑧nativetongue母语⑨phenomenonn．现象⑩globalizationn．全球化⑪integratevt．&vi．(使)合并；(使)加入⑫bilingualadj．会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的⑬unknowinglyadv．未意识到地，不知不觉地，无意中⑭kungfun．功夫⑮opposevt．反对，抵制；与……对垒⑯interventionn．干涉行为，干预⑰pureadj．纯净的；完全的⑱triben．部落⑲rejectvt．拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异⑳pessimisticadj．悲观的，悲观主义的bepessimisticabout对于……感到悲观㉑bebasedon以……为基础/根据㉒Germanicadj．日耳曼语的；德国的㉓restrictionn．限制，约束㉔linguistn．语言学家；通晓数国语言的人㉕isolatedadj．孤立的；单独的；偏远的㉖forbetterorforworse不管是好是坏，不管结果如何㉗tendencyn．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好㉘gooutofstyle过时Borrowedwords“Therestaurant'sfriedtofu①isdelicious．”Isthereanythingspecialaboutthissentence?Well，allthewordsexcept“the”and“is”areborrowedfromotherlanguages!Thiscomesasnosurprise②，giventhatEnglishhasborrowedwordsfrommorethan300differentlanguages，includingLatin，Greek，FrenchandChinese[1]．However，Englishisnotaloneinborrowingwordsfromotherlanguages—borrowedwordscanbefoundinalmostalllanguages．Forexample，EnglishwordsthatareborrowedintotheChineselanguage[2]include“bacon③”，“tank④”and“golf⑤

”．[1]giventhat引导原因状语从句，giventhat意为“考虑到，鉴于”。[2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Englishwords。Wordborrowingcomesabout⑥whentwocultureswithdifferentlanguagesinteract⑦．Thistendstohappenwhenthereisnosuitablewordforanobjectorideainthenativetongue⑧．Thisphenomenon⑨hasbeenoccurringforthousandsofyears．Inthecurrentageofglobalization⑩，whencommunicationstechnologybringsdifferentculturesclosertogether，wordsareevenmorelikelytobeborrowedstraightfromthesourcelanguageatafasterpacethaneverbefore，especiallythoserelatedtotechnologicaldevelopments，suchas“email”and“Internet”．Thoughborrowingwordshasbecomefaster，theprocessisstillcomplex，andittakestimebeforenewwordsareintegrated⑪intoeverydayspeech．Atfirst，theborrowedwordisonlyusedbybilingual⑫speakers．Itthenspreadstopeoplewhodonotknowtheoriginallanguage[3]，andtheywillchangethepronunciationtofitthewaytheyspeak，almostunknowingly⑬．Anexampleofthisistheword“kungfu⑭”，whichreferstoChinesemartialarts[4]．ThiswordcomesfromChinesegongfu．Overtime，thesoundsthataredifficulttopronounce[5]havebeenreplacedwithmorefamiliarones．Thelongeraborrowedwordhasbeeninuse，themoreitsoundsandevenlookslikethenativelanguage．[6][3]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。[4]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theword“kungfu”。[5]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词thesounds。[6]本句为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型。Borrowedwordsareanoutcomeoflanguagedevelopmentthatcanhardlybeavoided[7]，butsomelanguagecommunitiesoppose⑮adoptingwordsfromothercultures．Therearecountriesthatmakeinterventions⑯tokeeptheirnativelanguagepure⑰inordertodefendtheiridentity．TheFrenchspecificallyhaveanofficialorganizationthatcreatesnewwords[8]inordertoavoidborrowedwords．Somelanguageshaveanextremelysmallnumberofspeakers，suchastheNativeAmericanNavajolanguage，usedonlybythemembersofthetribe⑱[9]．Underthiscircumstance，itbecomesamatterofsurvivalforthenativelanguagetoreject⑲outsideinfluences．[7]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词anoutcomeoflanguagedevelopment。[8]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词anofficialorganization。[9]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词theNativeAmericanNavajolanguage。Whilesomecommunitiesarepessimistic⑳

abouttheexchangebetweenlanguages，therearealsoothercommunitiesthatreadilywelcomeborrowedwords．[10]English，especially，isbasedon㉑amixofLatin，GreekandGermanic㉒languages．TheEnglish-speakingcommunitydoesnothesitateaboutabsorbingforeignwordsintoitsdailyvocabulary．Infact，therehaveneverbeenanyformalacademicrestrictions㉓onnewborrowedwords．Borrowingwordsallowsthelanguagetocontinuetodevelop，enablingthecommunitytohaveamoreefficientlanguagewhichmakesitpossibleforthemtosharetheirexperienceswithnew-foundease[11]．Itisalsothroughthosewordsthatnovelideasarespreadanddifferentbeliefsareexchangedmoreconvenientlyandquickly．[12][10]本句为主从复合句。句中While引导让步状语从句，While意为“尽管，虽然”；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词othercommunities。[11]动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，表示“自然而然”的结果，其中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词amoreefficientlanguage，定语从句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式短语toshare...ease。[12]本句为强调句型，强调thr