北京专版2020中考英语复习方案第一篇话题分层复习话题17历史与社会国家与民族历史文化名家名作等试题

PAGEPAGE5话题17历史与社会(国家与民族、历史、文化、名家名作等)主题语篇阅读Ⅰ.[2018·昌平二模]完形填空PeopleJustLikeUsIwasnotinterestedintheschoolprojectonancientculturesatall,especiallythingsaboutEgypt(埃及),butGrace,myresearchpartner,insistedtheancientEgyptianswereinteresting,andsaidIwould1mymindforsure.

“Learningabouttheseancientpeopleissoboring,”Isaid.“It’snot!Don’tbesureuntilyou’velearnedaboutthem,”saidGrace.IhadtosayGracehada2.SothenextSaturday,IfoundmyselfattheMuseumofNaturalHistory,whichhadabigshowonancientEgypt.

“SoancientEgyptianswereprettyundeveloped,right?”IaskedGraceaswewaitedinlineforourtickets.“Imean,theydidn’thavemuch3,didthey?Well,exceptforthepyramids(金字塔)—didn’ttheEgyptiankingsliveinthepyramids?”

Gracejustkeptsilentandpushedmeforward.Theshowsetmestraightaboutthepyramids.Ilearnedthattheyweretombs(墓)oftheancientkings,nottheir4.IalsofoundoutthegreatpyramidatGizawashuge,standing500feettallwhenitwasfirstbuilt!

AsIwalkedfarther,Iwas5tofindashowonancientsports.Isawpaintingsshowingpeopleplayingagamewithaball.Justforamoment,Icould6ancientEgyptiankidsbesidetheNileRiverhittingaroundaball,justasIdowithmyfriends.AndthenextshowwasallabouthowtheancientEgyptianstreasuredtheirchildren.Achildwasconsideredagreatgifttothefamily.

“Sowhatdoyouthinkofthese7ancientpeoplenow?”Graceasked.

“Youwereright,”Isaid.“AncientEgyptiansaremuchmoreinterestingthanI8.Infact,Iknowjustwhattitletogiveourproject.We’llcallit‘PeopleJustLikeUs’!”

()1.A.keep B.change C.lose D.follow()2.A.word B.plan C.point D.way()3.A.technology B.difference C.confidence D.information()4.A.fields B.grounds C.schools D.homes()5.A.tired B.careful C.surprised D.nervous()6.A.explain B.picture C.show D.enjoy()7.A.boring B.impatient C.funny D.exciting()8.A.searched B.studied C.experienced D.expectedⅡ.[2019·海淀一模]阅读理解Foryears,theword“popular”hasbeendemonized(妖魔化)andmadethesameasmini-skirt-wearing,hair-coloringcheerleadertypeslikeReginaGeorgeinMeanGirls.Today,teachersandparentsinformchildrenthatbeingpopularisirrelevant(不相干的),unnecessaryandasureshortcuttoupset,misery,anddeath.Andsomepeopledescribepopularstudentsastheonesmostlikelytoburnoutandendupasnobody,whiletheirlesswell-likedcounterpartsenjoyalifeofwealthandfame.However,theOxfordEnglishDictionarydefines(定义)popularityas:“Thestateorconditionofbeingliked,admired,orsupportedbymanypeople.”Thissoundslikealovelything,andisnotrelatedtosuchbehaviorsas“burnbooks”or“three-wayphonecalls”inMeanGirls.Infact,itisatruthwidelyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplewhofeellikedorsupportedaremorelikelytoobtainimpressiveachievementsthanthosewhofeellonely,unvalued,andirrelevantsocially.Sowhy,then,ispopularitygivensuchabadname?Whyisthisstateofwell-likednesssodemonized?Basically,thehatred(恨)showntowardwhatappearstobeaverypleasantthingiscausedbylackofunderstanding.Whenwe,asviewers,seecharacterssuchasReginaGeorgesonTVandinfilms,werecognizethemtobepopular.Thesecharacters,ifnotexactlyliked,aregreatlyadmiredbytheirpeers(同伴).Ourmistakecomeswhenwetrytounderstandtheircruelandunkindactionsusingthededuction(推论)method.Humansareimperfect,andeventhemostintelligentmindisopentodishonestythroughaverysmallslipinlogic.Unfortunately,thisoccursherewithbrandingresults.Wefirstlearnthatacharacterispopular.Sincethisisimportanttotheplot,itisconstantlyemphasized,leadingittobethemostcommonthinginourmindswhenweconsiderthecharacter.Later,weseethatcharacterdosomethingunkind.Thecharacter’smostnoticeablecharacteristic(inourminds)ishis/herpopularity.Andnowthecharacterismeanandunkind.Thischaracterispopular.Therefore,wejumptoaquickconclusion(结论)thatpopularpeoplearemeanandunkind.Thingssuchasimproperbehaviorsandrumor-spreadingareterribleandshouldalwaysbeseeninaveryseriouslight.However,itisimportanttorecognizethatthesearenotthebehaviorsofpopularpeople,butbullies.So,insummary,donotbeafraidtobepopularandhavemanyfriends.Ifyouarekindtoeveryoneandtreatotherswithrespect,therewillbefewwhocancriticizeyou,forbeingwidelylikedisnotacursebutablessing.Justrememberthatbeingpopulardoesgiveyouadegreeofpower,andwithgreatpowercomesalargeelectricitybill!9.ThewritermentionsthedefinitionofpopularityinParagraph2to. ()

A.bringuphisopinion B.giveanexampleC.cometoaconclusion D.offerhissuggestion10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? ()A.Beingpopularmightofferashortcuttoalifeofwealth.B.Studentswhofeelsupportedhaveabetterchancetoachievemore.C.Popularstudentsareusuallyfamousbutmeanandunkind.D.Thelesswell-likedpeopleconsiderbeingpopularassomethingbad.11.Paragraphs4and5aremainlyabout. ()

A.theimportanceofbeingadmiredbypeersB.thewaystoclearupsomemisunderstandingC.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbeingpopularD.thereasonswhypeopleshowhatredtobeingpopular12.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat. ()

A.cheerleadertypeswillsurelyendupasnobodyB.beingpopularisunnecessaryformoststudentsC.treatingotherswithkindnessisbeneficialtopopularpeopleD.famouspeoplearelikelytomakemistakesandbecriticizedⅢ.[2019·房山一模]回答问题Cowboyhatsarefamousfortheirhighcrownsandwidebrims.Cowboyslikewearingthehatverymuch.Whydocowboyswearhats?Here’sabriefhistoryofthecowboyhatwhichshouldansweryourquestion!JohnStetson,ayounghatmakerfromNewJersey,createdthecowboyhat.Stetsonhappenedtobeonatrip,huntingforbeavers(海狸).Onthistripheusedthebeaverfurtomakeahat.OnthewayhecameacrossacowboywhoadmiredthehatandpaidStetson$5forit.Eversincethen,cowboyshavebeenwearing“Stetsons”andsimilarlydesignedhats.WhydidcowboysliketheStetsonhatsomuch?Maybeforthefollowingreasons.Toprotectagainsttheweather.Thewidebrimofthehatkeepsthesunlightoutoftheeyes.Italsohelpstoprotectthefaceandneckfromsunburn.Thetallcrownofthehatprovidesapocketofairasinsulation(隔离)tohelpkeepheatinwinter.Theanimal-furfelthatsarethemostwaterproof.Itactslikeanumbrellakeepingtherain,andsnowoutoftheface.Cowboyssleepingoutintheopenaircouldsometimesusetheirhatstoshutoutanylightiftheyhappenedtobecatchingsomeshuteyeduringtheday.Theycouldevenmakeapillowoutoftheirhatwhensleepingoutonthegroundatnight.Sometimes,cowboyhatswereusedaswaterbuckets(桶)tofeedhorsesiftheywereweaved(编织)tightlyenough!ManypeopleintheWestwearcowboyhatstodaybecauseitcanlookpretty!Forsomethisisyetanotherbenefittowearingthehat,butforothersthisistheonlyreasonforwearingit.Andwhynot?Justasyoudon’thavetobeabaseballplayertowearabaseballcap,youdon’tneedtobeacowboytoenjoywearingacowboyhat.13.Whocreatedthecowboyhat?

14.HowmuchdidthecowboypayStetsonforthehat?

15.Whatcouldcowboysdowhensleepingoutonthegroundatnight?

16.WhydomanypeopleintheWestwearcowboyhatstoday?

17.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?

【参考答案】Ⅰ.1.B2.C3.A4.D5.C6.B7.A8.DⅡ.[主旨大意]本文是一篇议论文。一些家长和老师认为受欢迎会导致烦恼及痛苦,但作者并不这么认为。作者认为受欢迎的人更可能获得令人印象深刻的成就,所以不要害怕受欢迎,受欢迎是一种祝福。9.A目的意图题。根据上文“Andsomepeopledescribepopularstudents…”及下文“Infact,itisatruthwidelyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplewhofeel…”可推知,一些人认为受欢迎会导致烦恼及痛苦,但是牛津词典给出“受欢迎”的定义,随后提出观点:受欢迎的人更有可能获得令人印象深刻的成就。