2025届新高考英语冲刺复习定语从句

2025届新高考英语冲刺复习定语从句1.定语从句的概念2.定语从句和宾语从句3.定语从句的关系词4.非限制性定语从句一、定语从句的基本概念定语从句概念关系词1.定语2.定从：主从复合句3.先行词（位置）4.关系词1.关系代词：who\whom\that\which\whose2.关系副词：When\where\whyIhaveasisterwhoisastudent.主句从句先行词关系词先行词的位置在标准的句子结构中，先行词明确无误地位于定语从句之前，读者可以清楚地知道哪个词被定语从句所修饰。但是，当句子结构变得复杂，或者存在省略时，先行词与定语从句之间的关联可能变得模糊，从而产生歧义。e.g.Heboughtabookthatwaswrittenbyhisfavoriteauthorinthebookstore.‌e.g.Heboughtabookinthebookstore

thatwaswrittenbyhisfavoriteauthor.解决方法：1.如果你是作者：改写改写1：Hebought,inthebookstore,abookthatwaswrittenbyhisfavoriteauthor.改写2：Thebookheboughtinthebookstorewaswrittenbyhisfavoriteauthor.这两种改写都通过调整句子结构或使用更明确的表达方式来消除了歧义。

2.如果你是读者：上下文根据句意，“abook”仍然是先行词，而“inthebookstore”只是说明了购买书籍的地点。概念总结1.形容词修饰名词，定语修饰主语、宾语、表语等名词词性的词。因此，定语从句常跟在名词后；2.主从复合句中至少有两个简单句，从句语法结构上独立，逻辑上附属于主句。因此，语法分析句子结构时需要重视从句的独立性；3.先行词是被定语从句修饰限定的名词，定语从句常紧随先行词。因此，大部分情况下，定语从句前的名词就是被该从句修饰的对象。二、定语从句和宾语从句宾语从句‌定义‌：在主从复合句中充当宾语‌‌引导词‌：宾语从句可以由that、whether、if等引导，也可以由所有的疑问词（如what,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how等）引导‌。‌例句‌：Ibelievethatheishonest.Idon'tknowifhewillbeabletomakeit.Sheaskedhimwhoshewas.定语从句‌定义‌：定语从句是一个简单句跟在先行词后，进行修饰限定。定语从句在主句中充当定语成分，被修饰的词叫先行词‌。‌‌引导词‌：定语从句可以由that、which、as、who、whom、whose、where、when、why等引导‌。ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisinteresting.ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.ThehousewhereIgrewupisnolongerstanding.1.TheboysarefromClassone.Theboysareplayingfootball.👉TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.Ihelpedanoldman.Theoldmanlosthisway.👉Ihelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.3.

Thebookisonthetable.Iboughtabookyesterday.👉ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisonthetable

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句；被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词；定义从句相当于形容词的用法。三、定语从句的关系词ThisisthecarwhichIboughtlastyear.‌先行词关系词“分-主-从”1.分：划分主句和从句2.主：分析主句句子成分，判断从句性质3.从：分析从句句子成分，选择关系词分-主-从（课文原文）1.Whenweweren’tplayingonthecourtwhichwasnexttoourbuilding.2.Paul’sfavoriteplayerTyroneBogues,agaywhoplayedfortheCharlotteHornets.3.Bogueswasonly1.5metrestall,whichmadehimtheshortestplayereverintheNBA.4.Hewasstillusuallyonthebench,beingjustareplacement,whichwasreallytoughonhim.分-主-从（课文原文）5.EveryoneknewPaulhadrealskills,andwassomeonewhoworkedhardandhandastrongdesiretoplayfortheteam.6.Thebears,ateamwhoserecordthisseasonhadbeenperfect.7.Pauldidn’tknowhe’dsoongetthechancethathe’dbeenwaitingfor.专题练题目：1．Thefilm

youarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeonnextweek.2．Iamgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeople

Ihavevisited.3．Peoplewanttolistentosomeone

isinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.4．Mr.Liwantstotalktothestudents

homeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.5．Thisisthemostexcitingfootballgame

Ihaveseensofar.专题练题目：6．Thisisthelittlegirl

parentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.7．Ms.Smithusuallywalksherdoginthepark

islocatedinthecenterofthetown.8．Jordan’sskillswereimpressive,butthementalstrength

heshowedmadehimunique.9．Thesestudents

parentshavecometoChinaforbusinessliketheschoolverymuch.10．Fortheconsumers,itcansavesometimeforthepeople

don’thavemuchsparetime.

关系代词关系副词代词→代替名词名词在句中充当主语、宾语、表语从句主干成分不完整副词→代替副词副词在句中充当次要成分从句主干成分完整关系代词作用：引导定语从句，指代先行词并且在从句中作成分引导词先行词成分例句关系代词Who人主宾表Jimisthepersonthat/whogavemethedeepest

impressioninmylife.Whom人宾Hewastheman(that/who/whom/省略)Imetintheoffice.Which物主宾表Ithrewawaythebookthat/whichtroubledmealot.That人＋物主宾表Thedogisakindofanimal(that/which/省略)manypeoplelove.As人＋物主宾表‌Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.whose人＋物定Thisisthebookwhoseauthorisagenius.关系副词When时间状Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.Where地点状Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichwelivedlastyear.why原因状‌Idon'tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.可替代先行词从句中成分例句关系代词Who人主宾表Jimisthepersonthat/whogavemethedeepest

impressioninmylife.Whom人宾Hewastheman(that/who/whom/省略)Imetintheoffice.Which物主宾表Ithrewawaythebookthat/whichtroubledmealot.That人＋物主宾表Thedogisakindofanimal(that/which/省略)manypeoplelove.As人＋物主宾表‌Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.whose人＋物定Thisisthebookwhoseauthorisagenius.Thisisthebook____Iboughtyesterday.‌Theman____istalkingtoourteacherismyuncle.‌‌Idon'tknowtheperson____youjusttalkedto.‌‌Thehouse____windowsarebrokenneedstoberepaired.‌‌Allthebooks____areontheshelfaremine.‌‌Sheistheonlygirl____haswontheprize.答案‌：that/which答案‌：who/that答案‌：whom/who/that答案‌：whose答案‌：that答案‌：that可替代先行词从句中成分例句关系副词When时间状Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.Where地点状Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichwelivedlastyear.why原因状‌Idon'tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.Thereason________IamunhappyisthatImissmyhometown.‌Ioncelivedinthemountain______thesceneryisverybeautiful.‌Iwillneverforgetthetime_______MyfriendsandIplayedhappily.‌正确答案：‌why‌正确答案：‌where‌正确答案：‌when‌who，whom引导的定语从句who，whom用来代替人，who是主格，在定语从句中作主语，不可省略；whom为宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略；who和whom都可以与that互换。Themanwhotalkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.SheisthesingerwhoImetlastweek.Mr.Liuistheperson‌whom‌youtalkedwithonthebus.

which引导的定语从句which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略，which可与that互换。Hedrivesanewcar,whichwasboughtlastyear.whose引导的定语从句whose既可以指人，也可指物，指物时可以和ofwhich互换；whose是所有格，在定语从句中作定语，不可省略，不可与that互换。‌1.Thisisthewomanwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.2.Sheisawomanwhosebrotherisadoctor.‌that引导的定语从句(1)当先行词为不定代词（all，everything，little，none，much，few等）时，定语从句用that引导；(2)当先行词被序数词或者形容词，副词的最高级修饰时，定语从句常用that引导；Everythingthatyousaidistrue.Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened.ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.1．Canyousolvesuchproblems________wereraisedbytheaudience?

as【详解】考查定语从句。句意：观众提出的这些问题，你能解决吗？因为先行词problem前面有such修饰，所以后面的定语从句由关系代词as来引导。故填as。2．Mygreat-aunt_____is105yearsoldtoldushowshehasbeenabletolivesolong.

who【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我105岁的姑奶奶告诉我们她是如何活得这么久的。分析句子可知，本句涉及一个限制性定语从句，空处需要填入关系代词who，指人，代替先行词great-aunt作从句中的主语。故填who。3.Isawamanshoutingatadriver________carwasblockingthestreet.

whose【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我看见一个男人对着一个司机大喊，因为他的车挡住了路。句中先行词为driver，在定语从句中作名词car的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。根据句意，故填whose。4．Isthisthereason________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

that/which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他在会上解释工作粗心的原因吗？thereason为先行词，作定语从句explain的宾语。关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。5．Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecrops________usedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.

that/which【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：有机农场主也种植不同的作物，这些作物利用不同深度的土壤来保持自身长得好。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词diversecrops，在从句中做主语，指物，用that或which引导。故填that/which。6．We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth______wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.

which/that/不填【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个月之后，我们将实现今年年初设定的销售目标。______wesetatthebeginningoftheyear是定语从句，修饰thesalestargets，引导词在从句中作set的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。而且，关系代词在从句中作宾语时，还可以省略。故填which/that/不填。7．Istillrememberthepaintingsandtheartists________Isawattheexhibition.

that【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我在展览会上看到的那些绘画和艺术家。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是“thepaintingsandtheartists”，既指人又指物，关系词在定语从句中作动词saw的宾语，所以空处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。8．Mr.andMrs.Williamsadoptedachild________parentsweredead.

whose【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Williams夫妇收养了一个父母双亡的孩子。分析句子可知，设空处及之后内容为定语从句，先行词为child，在定语从句中作定语，所以此处填关系代词whose。故填whose。9．Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.

that【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我拒绝为别人的过错承担责任。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词“something”，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“that”引导从句。故填that。10．Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.

that/which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：两位作者也在2014年发表的一项研究显示，每天仅跑步5到10分钟就可以降低各种原因导致心脏病和早期死亡的风险。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为astudy，指物，且定语从句缺少主语。故填关系代词that/which。四、非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句是既可以修饰先行词（名词/代词/名词性短语）也可以修饰一个句子，其仅仅是对先行词或句子的一个附加说明，即使去掉非限制性定语从句也不会影响主句的意思。

一般是逗号将非限制性定语从句和所修饰的词或者句子隔开。定语从句分类限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制先行词限制位置作用重要不限制先行词（逻辑）不限制位置作用不重要定语从句分类限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制先行词限制位置作用重要不限制先行词（逻辑）不限制位置作用不重要Ihaveasisterwhoisastudent.Ihaveasister,whoisastudent.Ihavelostthecupthat/whichIlikeverymuch.Ihavelostthecup,whichIlikeverymuch.行业PPT模板http:///hangye