美国的人工智能OpenAI的AI经济蓝皮书 AI in America OpenAI's Economic Blueprint

AIinAmerica

OpenAI'sEconomicBlueprint

Foreword

OpenAIʼsmissionistoensurethatartificialintelligencebenefitseveryone.Tous,thatmeansbuildingAIthathelpspeoplesolvehardproblemsbecausebyhelpingwiththehardproblems,AIcanbenefitthemostpeoplepossible–throughbetterhealthcareandeducation,morescientificdiscoveries,betterpublicpoliciesandservices,andimprovedproductivity.Weʼreofftoastrongstart,creatingfreelyavailableintelligencebeingusedbymorethan300millionpeoplearoundtheworld,including3milliondevelopers,toideate,discover,andinnovatebeyondwhatweʼrecurrentlycapableofdoingonourown.Already,ourtoolsarebeingusedto:

Speedup

development

oflife-savingmedical

treatments

Accelerate

scientific

research

by

USNational

Laboratories

Help

teachers

create

personalized

lessonplans

,spendmoretimewith

students,andsafelyadoptAIinthe

classroom

ProtectUSmilitary

personnel

against

unmanned

drone

attacks

Unlock

new

formsof

creativity

forartistsand

increase

accessibility

ofartistic

production

Makestateandlocal

governments

more

efficient

WebelieveAmericaneedstoactnowtomaximizeAIʼspossibilitieswhileminimizingitsharms.AIistoopowerfulatechnologytobeledandshapedbyautocrats,butthatisthegrowingriskweface,whiletheeconomicopportunityAIpresentsistoocompellingtoforfeit.Sharedprosperityisasnearandmeasurableas

thenewjobsandgrowth

tocomefrombuildingtheneededinfrastructure.Soon,asourCEOSamAltman

haswritten

,AIwillhelpourchildrendothingswecanʼt.Notfaroffisafutureinwhicheveryoneʼslivescanbebetterthananyoneʼslifeisnow.

Withsuchprosperityinsight,wewanttoworkwithpolicymakerstoensurethatAIʼsbenefitsaresharedresponsiblyandequitably.TheenclosedframeworkchampionstheentrepreneurshipandindividualfreedomsattheheartoftheAmericaninnovationecosystem.

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Ifdoneright,thedeveloperswhoareAIʼsMainStreetwillthrivealongwithcompaniesofallsizes,andthebroadeconomicbenefitsofthetechnologywillcatalyzeareindustrializationacrossthecountry.

Americahasfacedsuchmomentsbefore,andweknowhowtothinkbig,buildbigandactbig.

Automobileswerenʼtinventedhere—theywereinventedinEurope.Earlyproponentsenvisionedthecartransforminghowpeoplelivedandworked.Supplychainsandcustomerbasescouldbeexpandedanddiversified.

ButintheUnitedKingdom,wheresomeoftheearliestcarswereintroduced,thenewindustryʼsgrowthwasstuntedbyregulation.The1865RedFlagActrequiredaflagbearertowalkaheadofanycartowarnothersontheroadandwavethecarasideinfavorofhorse-drawntransport.Howcouldapersonwalkinfrontofacarwithoutgettingrunover?Becauseofanotherrequirement:thatcarsmovenofasterthan4milesperhour.

America,meanwhile,tookaverydifferentapproachtothecar,mergingprivate-sectorvisionandinnovationwithpublic-sectorenlightenmenttounlockthenewtechnologyanditseconomic—andultimately,withWorldWarIlooming—nationalsecuritybenefits.

Thecountrybecametheheartoftheworldʼsautoindustry,mass-producingaffordablecarswiththehelpoflocal,stateandfederalofficialswhosawtheindustryʼspotential.Publicsafetyconcernsoverhorse-drawnvehiclesoncrowdedcitystreetspromptedlocalofficialstosupporttheswitchtocars—notmakecarsyieldtohorses.Thecountryʼssizepromptedstatestoinvestinbetterroads.Andthefederalgovernmentclearedthewaytoscaletransportbycarwithanational—ratherthanstate-by-state—highwaysystem.

Today,whilesomecountriessidelineAIanditseconomicpotential,theUSgovernmentcanpavetheroadforitsAIindustryto:

Continuethecountryʼs

Makesurewe

Maximizethe

globalleadership

getitright

economicopportunity

ininnovationwhile

onAIaccess

ofAIforcommunities

protectingnational

andbenefits

acrossthecountry

security

fromthestart

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Andjustasdriversareexpectedtosticktoclear,common-sensestandardsthathelpkeeptheactualroadssafe,developersandusershavearesponsibilitytofollowclear,common-sensestandardsthatkeeptheAIroadssafe.Straightforward,predictablerulesthatsafeguardthepublicwhilehelpinginnovatorsthrivecanencourageinvestment,competition,andgreaterfreedomforeveryone.

Forourpart,OpenAIiscommittedtoworkingwithUSpolicymakersonhowAIcanbestserveboththenationalinterestandthepublicgood,stewardingourowntechnologyalongthoselines,andgloballychampioningAIthatisbuiltonafoundationofthedemocraticvaluestheUShasalwaysstoodfor.

WebelieveinAmericabecauseAmericabelievesininnovation.ThisiswhyourCEOwillbekickingoffthisworkwithagatheringinWashington,DConJanuary30topreviewthestateofAIadvancementandhowitcandriveeconomicgrowth.AndthisiswhythateventwillkickoffourInnovatingforAmericainitiativetoengagestatesacrossthecountrytohelpensurethatweʼrebringingAIʼseconomicbenefitstoAmericansfromallwalksoflife.

Thiscountryalwayssucceedswhenitbetsonitsecosystemofbuildersandentrepreneurs.ThisBlueprint,alivingdocumentweʼllupdateaswelearnfromourworktohelpsolvepeopleʼshardproblems,laysoutarelationshipwebelievewecanbuildonwithgovernmenthereathomeandasaplacetobeginwithalliesaroundtheworld.

ChrisLehane

VicePresident,GlobalAffairs

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WhereWeStand

TheenclosedpolicyproposalsreflectOpenAIʼspositionthat:

●WebelieveinAmericabecauseAmericabelievesininnovation.

●Chips,data,energyandtalentarethekeystowinningonAI—andthisisaraceAmericacanandmustwin.

●Withanestimated$175billionsittinginglobalfundsawaitinginvestmentinAIprojects,iftheUSdoesnʼtattractthosefunds,theywillflowtoChina-backedprojects—strengtheningtheChineseCommunistPartyʼsglobalinfluence.

●RulesandregulationsforthedevelopmentanduseofAIshouldbebasedonthedemocraticvaluesthecountryhasalwaysstoodfor—whatwethinkofas“democraticAI.ˮ

●Asforanyindustry,weneedcommon-senserulesoftheroadthatsafeguardthepublicwhilehelpinginnovatorsthrivebyencouraginginvestment,competition,andgreaterfreedomforeveryone—andtobestachievethis,theserulesshouldapplynationwide.

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CompetitivenessandSecurity

WebelievethatmakingsureAIbenefitsthemostpeoplepossiblemeansenablingAIthroughcommon-senserulesaimedatprotectingpeoplefromactualharms,andbuildingdemocraticAIshapedbythevaluestheUShasalwaysstoodfor,including:

●Afreemarketpromotingfreeandfaircompetitionthatdrivesinnovation

●Freedomfordevelopersanduserstoworkwithanddirectourtoolsastheyseefit,inexchangeforfollowingclear,common-sensestandardsthathelpkeepAIsafeforeveryone,andbeingheldaccountablewhentheydonʼt

●PreventinggovernmentuseofAItoolstoamasspowerandcontroltheircitizens,ortothreatenorcoerceotherstates

Tous,thismeansthatinthesamewaythefederalgovernmenthelpedclearthewayforthenascentautomobileindustrytogrow,includingbypreemptingastate-by-statetangleofroadsandrules,itshouldclearthewayfortheAIindustryʼsdevelopmentoffrontiermodelstobestensurethattheypromoteUSeconomicandnationalsecurity.

Tobeclear,by“frontiermodels,ˮwearereferringtothemoststate-of-the-artlargelanguagemodelsthatleadoncapabilitybenchmarks.ResponsiblyexportingthesemodelstoouralliesandpartnerswillhelpthemstanduptheirownAIecosystems,includingtheirowndevelopercommunitiesinnovatingwithAIanddistributingitsbenefits,whilealsobuildingAIonUStechnology,nottechnologyfundedbytheChineseCommunistParty(CCP).

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TheUSstrategyforfrontiermodelsecurityshouldprioritizenationalcompetitiveness,modelsafeguardsandnationalsecurity.Ledbythefederalgovernmentinconsultationwithindustry,thisstrategyshould:

Developbestpracticesfor

deploymenttobetterprotectagainsttherisksofcriminal,terrorist,andstate-sponsoredmisuseandindustrial

espionage;andstreamline

industryengagementwith

nationalsecuritydepartmentsandagencies

Developexportpoliciesthatlettheindustrysecurely

sharefrontiermodelswithUSalliesandpartnernationsto

strengthentheireconomiesandespeciallytheir

developercommunities,andpreserveavibrantand

innovativeopen-source

community.Atthesametime,limittheexportoffrontier

modelstoadversarynationsthatmaybemorelikelyto

misusethetechnologyorco-opttheIP

DevelopalternativestothegrowingpatchworkofstateandinternationalregulationsthatriskhinderingAmericancompetitiveness,suchasbyhavingthefederal

governmentleadingthe

developmentofnational

securityevaluationsathome,andestablishingaUS-led

internationalcoalitionthat

workstowardsharedsafetystandardsabroad

AtOpenAI,weʼvealreadytakenstepstowardsuchastrategy,includingbydevelopingourownsector-leadingPreparednessFramework;havingredteamexpertspressure-testourfrontiermodelsfornationalsecurityrisks(forexample,byevaluatingamodelʼscapabilitytocreatenovelcyberthreats);usingtailoredsafeguardstomitigaterisks;stewardingadoptionofourmodelsbyUS-alliedandpartnercountries;partneringwithleadingnamesindefensesuchasLosAlamosNationalLaboratory,theAirForceResearchLaboratory,andAnduril;andbeingtransparentwiththepublicaboutoursafeguardsanddeploymentpractices.

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Solutions:

TheUSalwayssucceedswhenitbetsonitsecosystemofinnovatorsandentrepreneurs.TohelpUSAIcompaniesdevelopanddeployfrontiermodelssecurelyandwiththeneededsafeguards,thefederalgovernmentshould:

Asappropriate,sharenationalsecurity-relatedinformationandresourcesthatitalonemaintains—suchasbriefingsonsecuritythreatstotheindustryandhigh-levelresultsoftestingUSandnon-USAImodels—withUSAIcompaniespursuingadvancedresearch.

Then,incentivizeAIcompaniestodeploytheirproductswidely,includingtoalliedandpartnernationsandtosupportUSgovernmentagencies.

Thefederalgovernmentʼsapproachtofrontiermodelsafetyandsecurityshouldstreamlinerequirements,reducebureaucraticobstaclestogovernment-industrycollaboration,andincentivizecompaniestosupportUScompetitiveness.Forinstance,thegovernmentcould:

Supportthedevelopmentofstandardsandsafeguards,ensurethatsuchstandardsarerecognizedandrespectedbyothernationsandinternationalbodiesonbehalfoftheUSprivatesector,andsupportdirectworkwithUSgovernmentagenciesandofices.

ShareitsuniqueexpertisewithAIcompanies,includinginformationabouthowtosecuretheirIPagainstindustrialsecuritythreatsandmitigatepotentialcyber,chemical,biological,radiologicalandnuclear(CBRN)andotherrisksthatareheightenedbyincreasinglypowerfulmodels.

Helpcompaniesaccesssecureinfrastructure,suchasclassifiedcomputingclusters,toevaluatemodelsecurityrisksandsafeguards.

PromotetransparencyconsistentwithcompetitivenessbytheUSandlike-mindednationsthroughprotectingtradesecrets,promotingmarketcompetition,andensuringbroadandaffordableAIaccessbycarefullychoosingdisclosurerequirementsacrosstheAIlifecycle.

Streamlineitssupportfortheindustrybycreatingadefined,voluntarypathwayforcompaniesthatdeveloplargelanguagemodelstoworkwithgovernmenttodefinemodelevaluations,testmodels,andexchangeinformationtosupportthecompaniesʼsafeguards.TheUSgovernmentcanuniquelymobilizeandcoordinateexperts,especiallythosewithaccesstoclassifiedthreatintelligence,toworkdirectlywithfrontierlabsonnationalsecurity-relatedevaluationsandmitigations.Inreturn,thesecompanieswouldreceivepreemptionfromstate-by-stateregulationsonthetypesofrisksthatthesamenationalsecurityagencieswouldhandle.

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EmpowerthepublicsectortoquicklyandsecurelyadoptAItoolstoensurepathwaystoadoptionforstart-upsandsmallerfirms,savetaxpayersmoney,improvetheefficiencyofoperations,anddeliverbetterpublicservices.

Andtofurthercoordinateandcollaboratewiththefederalgovernment,AIbuilderscould:

Formaconsortiumthatidentifiesbestpracticesforworkingwiththenationalsecuritycommunity,includingtoprioritizesecurity-basedrequestsofthegovernment(suchasaccesstocompute)andtostreamlineefortstoresponsiblyintegrateAIinwaysconsistentwithUSandcompanypolicies.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglymorecapable,deeperpartnershipbetweengovernmentandindustrywillbothimprovethesecurityofthosesystemsandenhancetheUSgovernmentʼsaccesstocutting-edgetalentandcapabilities.

HelpdeveloptrainingprogramstocultivatethenextgenerationofAItalentintheUS,especiallyinareasofthecountrythathavenotbenefitedfrompreviouswavesofinnovation,toestablishpoolsofskilledtalentforboththepublicandprivatesectors.

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RulesoftheRoad

WebelievethatthemoreUS-leddevelopmentofAIbecomes,themorewidelyitwillbedeployed,themoretrusteditwillbecome,andthemorepeoplewillbenefit—inturncreatingaflywheelofgrowingprosperityandappreciationfordemocraticvalueslikethefreedomtoresponsiblydirectandworkwithAItools,andafreemarket,withtheappropriatesafeguards,inwhichallmannerofAIcompaniesandentrepreneurscancompete.

Tous,thismeansgettingAIaccessandbenefitsrightfromthestart—whatwethinkofasgettingtherulesoftheroadrightsothebenefitscanbefullyrealized.AIisnotsocialmedia—itʼsaninfrastructuretechnologythatisleadingusintowhatourCEOSamAltmanhascalled

theIntelligenceAge

.WithAI,ourchildrenwillbeabletodothingswecanʼt,andeventuallyeveryoneʼslivescanbebetterthananyoneʼslifeisnow.Butwehaveworktodotogetthere.GovernmentandtheAIindustryneedtolearnfromthepastandlaytheproperrulessothatwhenaccessingAItoolsandproducts,userscanfeelconfidentthat:

Theirchildrenwillbe

protectedfrompotentialharms

Theywillknowwherecontentcomesfrom

Theywillbeableto

personalizetheAItoolstheyuse

WhilethefederalgovernmentshouldleadonAI-relatedmattersofnationalsecurity,thestateshaveavitalroletoplaywhenitcomestomaximizingAIʼsbenefitsfromthestart.TheycanfilltheirhistoricalroleaslaboratoriesfordemocracybysupportingexperimentationwithAI,includingbystart-upsandsmallerAIfirms,toidentifywaystosolvepeopleʼsdailyhardproblemsinareaslikeeducationandhealthcare.TheycansupporttheirgovernmentworkersanddevelopercommunitiesexperimentingwithAItoidentifywaystoimprovethelivesoftheir

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taxpayers.Atthesametime,thisworkwouldbooststatesʼownlocalAIecosystems—especiallynewgenerationsofAI-enableddeveloperswhoarethenextMainStreet—andcompetitiveness.

AndfortheusersofAI,fromdeveloperstotheprivatesectorandthepublic,accesscomeswithresponsibilityforfollowingtherulessothateveryonecanproceedwithcertaintyontheAIroads.TheindustryisbuildinganddeployingAI,butdevelopersandusersaretheonesbehindthewheel.

Solutions:

WeknowthatforAItobenefiteveryone,evenasweʼrebuildingAItohelppeoplesolvehardproblems,wehavetobuildunderstandingofthetechnologyandconfidenceinthesafeguardsaroundhowitintersectswiththeirdailylives.

Onchildsafety,AIcompaniesanddevelopersshould:

●EncouragepolicysolutionsthatpreventthecreationanddistributionofAI-generatedchildsexualabusematerial/childsexualexploitationmaterial(CSAM/CSEM)

●IncorporateCSAM/CSEMprotectionsthroughouttheAIdevelopmentlifecycle

●TakestepstopreventdownstreamdevelopersfromusingtheirmodelstogenerateCSAM/CSEM

●PromoteconditionsthatsupportrobustandlastingpartnershipsamongAIcompaniesandlawenforcement

Onknowingwherecontentcomesfrom,whichisimportantforbuildingtrustandempoweringusers,thosebuildingwithAI,fromlargecompaniestostart-upstodevelopersandentrepreneurs,should:

●ApplyprovenancedatatoallAI-generatedaudio-visualcontent

●UsecommonprovenancestandardssuchasthosedevelopedbytheCoalitionforContentProvenanceandAuthenticity(C2PA)

●Forlargecompanies,giventheirbroaderreach,developandreportpubliclyonprogresstowardmoreadvancedprovenancemethods

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Onpreferences:

●PeopleshouldbeempoweredtopersonalizetheirAItools,includingthroughcontrolsonhowtheirpersonaldataisused

●GovernmentandindustryshouldworktogethertoscaleAIliteracythroughrobustfundingforpilotprograms,schooldistricttechnologybudgetsandprofessionaldevelopmenttrainingsthathelppeopleunderstandhowtochoosetheirownpreferencestopersonalizetheirtools

●Inexchangeforhavingsomuchfreedom,usersshouldberesponsibleforimpactsofhowtheyworkandcreatewithAI.Common-senserulesforAIthatareaimedatprotectingfromactualharmscanonlyprovidethatprotectioniftheyapplytothoseusingthetechnologyaswellasthosebuildingit

AtOpenAI,weʼvealreadytakenstepstoadoptemergingrulesoftheroad,includingbyestablishing

robustchildsafetymeasures

,andengagingwiththeNationalCenterforMissingandExploitedChildren,lawenforcement,andothergovernmentstakeholdersonchildprotectionissuesandenhancementstoreportingmechanisms.WeʼrealsodevelopinganddeployingwaystohelpusersknowwhereAI-generatedaudioorvisualcontentcomesfrom,includingrobustprovenancemethods,andwe

providetools

thathelppeoplepersonalizetheirChatGPTexperiencewithinbroad,reasonablelimits,and

control

howtheirdataisused

.

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InfrastructureasDestiny

WebelievethatbuildingenoughinfrastructureisnotjustvitalforensuringthatAIaroundtheworldisbasedonUSratherthanChina-basedtechnology—itʼsanunmissableopportunitytocatalyzeareindustrializationoftheUS.Successfulnationsturnresourcesintocompetitiveadvantages.IntheAIera,chips,data,energyandtalentaretheresourcesthatwillunderpincontinuedUSleadership,andaswiththemassproductionoftheautomobile,marshallingtheseresourceswillcreatewidespreadeconomicopportunityandreinforceourglobalcompetitiveness.

Tous,thismeansseizingthemomentandbuildingtheinfrastructureneededtoproduceenoughenergyandchipstodrivedownthecostofcomputeandmakeitabundant.Inturn,thiswillcreate

tensofthousands

ofskilled-tradejobs,boostlocaleconomiesthroughspendingandindirectjobcreation,andmodernizeourenergygridinthenearterm—ultimatelysupportingthekindofbreakthroughsandinnovationsthatdrivelastingeconomicgrowth.

ItalsomeansassuringAIdevelopersthatAImodelswillhavetheabilitytolearnfrompubliclyavailableinformation,andmakingmoresuchinformationavailablethroughcompetitionpolicyandpublicsectorinvestment.

Today,demandforcomputeandenergyfaroutstripstheavailablesupply,whileanestimated$175billioninglobalfundsiswaitingtobeinvestedinAIinfrastructure.IftheUSdoesn'tmovefasttochanneltheseresourcesintoprojectsthatsupportdemocraticAIecosystemsaroundtheworld,thefundswillflowtoprojectsbackedandshapedbytheCCP.

Likewise,otheractors,includingdevelopersinothercountries,makenoefforttorespectorengagewiththeownersofIPrights.IftheUSandlike-mindednationsdonʼtaddressthisimbalancethroughsensiblemeasuresthathelpadvanceAIforthelong-term,thesamecontentwillstillbeusedforAItrainingelsewhere,butforthebenefitofothereconomies.

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Solutions:

WeneedafoundationalstrategytoensurethatinvestmentininfrastructurebenefitsthemostpeoplepossibleandmaximizesaccesstoAI.Thisincludespoliciesandinitiativesthatencourageratherthanstifledevelopers;supportthrivingAIecosystemsoflabs,start-upsandlargercompanies;andsecureAmericaʼsleadershiponAIintothefuture,suchas:

EnsuringthatAIhastheabilitytolearnfromuniversal,publiclyavailableinformation,justlikehumansdo,whilealsoprotectingcreatorsfromunauthorizeddigitalreplicas.

Digitizinggovernmentdatacurrentlyinanalogform.Alotofgovernmentdataisinthepublicdomain.Makingitmoreaccessibleormachine-readablecouldhelpUSAIdevelopersofallsizes,especiallythoseworkinginfieldswherevitaldataisdisproportionatelygovernment-held.Inexchange,developersusingthisdatacouldworkwithgovernmenttounlocknewinsightsthathelpitdevelopbetterpublicpolicies.

ACompactforAIamongUSalliesandpartnernationsthatstreamlinesaccesstocapitalandsupplychainsinwaysthatsupportAIinfrastructureandarobustAIecosystem.Participatingcountrieswouldalsoagreetosomecommonsecuritystandards.Overtime,thiscollaborationcouldexpandtoaglobalnetworkofUSalliesandpartnersthatwouldcompetewiththePeopleʼsRepublicofChinaʼsAIinfrastructureallianceswhilealsostrengtheningsecuritythroughsharedstandards.

AIEconomicZones,createdbylocal,stateandthefederalgovernmenttogetherwithindustry,thatsignificantlyspeedupthepermittingprocessesforbuildingAIinfrastructurelikenewsolararrays,windfarmsandnu