人教版英语九年级全册动词时态和语态知识点及相应习题

【动词时态和语态】一、时态1.英语的16种时态（前提：什么是“时态”？）【加粗的是中考常见的8种时态】现在过去将来过去将来一般式一般现在时do/does一般过去时did一般将来时willdo过去将来时woulddo进行式现在进行时am/is/aredoing过去进行时was/weredoing将来进行时willbedoing过去将来进行时wouldbedoing完成式现在完成时have/hasdone过去完成时haddone将来完成时willhavedone过去将来完成时wouldhavedone完成进行式现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing过去完成进行时hadbeendoing将来完成进行时willhavebeendoing过去将来完成进行时wouldhavebeendoing2.中考常见的8种时态【单选常考的4种时态：一般现在/一般过去/一般将来/现在完成】由助动词be构成由助动词do构成意义/用法标志状语（句中不一定出现）一般现在时（单三）am/is/areTomishappy.do/doesTomworksathome.经常的动作/状态/习惯/能力/客观事实；主将从现often/usually/everyday等一般过去时（过去式）was/wereTomwashappy.didTomworkedathome.过去发生的动作；过去存在的状态yesterday/justnow/ago/lastweek/in1985/inthosedays等一般将来时（will+动原）willbeTomwillbehappy.willdoTomwillworkathome.将来发生的动作；将来存在的状态；主将从现tomorrow/nextweek/intwodays等现在完成时（过去分词）have/hasbeenTomhasbeenhappy.have/hasdoneTomhasworkedathome.过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；动作过去已开始，持续到现在且可能继续already/yet/sofar/inthepast+一段时间/since/for+一段时间等现在进行时（现在分词）am/is/arebeingTomisbeinghappy.am/is/aredoingTomisworkingathome.此时此刻正在发生的动作；现阶段正在进行着的动作；瞬间动词现在进行表示将来now/atpresent/atthismoment等过去进行时was/werebeingTomwasbeinghappy.was/weredoingTomwasworkingathome.过去某个时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作atthattime/when/while等过去完成时hadbeenTomhadbeenhappy.haddoneTomhadworkedathome.动作先发生，表示“过去的过去”；过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作bythetime/bytheend+过去时间点等；宾语从句等复合句中过去将来时wouldbeTomwouldbehappy.woulddoTomwouldworkathome.过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态常用在宾语从句中3.主将从现(1)条件状语从句由if(如果)、aslongas(只要)、unless(除非)引导，主句为一般将来时或表述将来含义，从句用一般现在时。例如：Shehadbettertravelwithalocaltourguideifshewantstoknowmoreabouttheculture.(2)时间状语从句由when(当……时候)、assoonas(一……就……)、until(直到)等引导，主句为一般将来时或表述将来含义，从句用一般现在时。例如：I’lldiscussthismatterwithyouwhenwemeetnexttime./Wewon’tleaveuntilMaryarrives.4.其他注意项考点知识点考点1一般现在时do/does；am/is/are1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语（always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday等）连用。3.表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实。4.表示格言或警句。考点2一般过去时did；was/were1.表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,threedaysago等。2.表示刚刚发生的事情而没说明时间。3.可以表示过去的习惯性动作，句中常带有everyday,often,usually,always,sometimes

等状语。考点3现在进行时am/is/aredoing1.表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。2.现在进行时常和now,look,listen等连用。3.用现在进行时表示将来。常用这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等位移性动词，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。4.进行时态同always，forever等频率副词连用，表示各种感情色彩，如：赞扬、抱怨、讨厌等。考点4过去进行时was/weredoing1.表示过去某时正在发生的动作。2.表示过去某段时间持续的动作。3.表示与过去某个动作同时发生的动作，常见于从句中。4.同always，forever等频率副词连用表示各种感情色彩。考点5现在完成时have/has+(not+)过去分词（1）表示过去的动作对现在产生的结果和影响现在完成时表示过去某个时间曾经做过的、发生过的事情，对目前的某种影响，这时一般不用时间状语；也可以表示到目前为止没有发生或经历的事情。Theticketshavesoldout.（票已售空。）IhavetriedItalianfood.It’sdelicious!（我已经尝过意大利美食了。美味啊！）Simonhasseentheconcert.Hedoesn’twanttoseeitagain.（西蒙已经看过这场演唱会，不想再看了。）IhavenevervisitedSanFranciscointheU.S.A.（我从没去过美国的旧金山。）（说明过去没有去过，现在仍没去过）（2）现在完成时表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束时，常和以下状语连用：just刚刚already已经ever曾经never从未yet还，迄今（用于否定句）；已经（用于疑问句）Ihavejustheardthenewsthatourschoolwillsetupapressclub.（我刚听到消息说我们学校要成立一个记者俱乐部。）Theyhavejuststartedtoexploreotherplanets.（他们才刚刚开始探索其他星球。）Thescientistshaven’tdiscoveredanyintelligentlifeonotherplanetyet.（科学家还没有在其他星球上发现智力生命。）（3）现在完成时表示过去开始持续到现在，而且还可能继续的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用。sofar迄今为止lately/recently最近，近来uptonow直到现在since...自从…sincethen自那时起since2daysago从两天前inthepastfewdays在过去的几天foralongtime很长一段时间I’veknownGracesincemychildhood.（我从小就认识格雷斯。）（表示现在还继续往来）Catherinehaslearneddrawingsince2008.（凯瑟琳从2008年起学的画画。）（表示现在还在学）HehaslivedinBeijingforthirtyyears.（他住在北京30年了。）（表示现在还住在北京）Ihaveknownhimfortenyears.（我认识他10年了。）Ihavestayedinthehotelfortwoweekssofar.（迄今为止，我已经在这个旅馆住了两周了。）（4）现在完成时表示从过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情，常和以下词语连用：often经常never从不ever曾经once一次，曾经twice两次since自从before之前threetimes三次Hehasneverbeenillinhislife.（他一生中从未生过病。）IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice.（我曾经去过颐和园两次。）WehavevisitedLouvreMuseumbefore.（我们以前曾参观过卢浮宫。）（5）现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时与一般过去时都表示在过去做的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等；一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。Heclosedthewindow.（他关了这扇窗户。）Hehasclosedthewindow.（他关上了窗户。）以上两句都是叙述了他过去把窗户关了这个动作。第一句用的是过去时，只叙述他过去做过的这个动作，这扇窗户现在也许是关的，也许是开的。而第二句用现在完成时，就包含了两个意思：一是他曾经关了这扇窗户（Heonceclosedthewindow.）；二是强调动作与现在的关系，即现在这扇窗户是关着的（Nowthewindowisclosed.）。（6）have/hasgotA.have/hasgot形式上是现在完成时，实际上和一般现在时的have/has的意思相同。Haveyougotalight?=Doyouhavealight?（你有打火机吗？）Hehasgotaslightheadache.=Hehasaslightheadache.（他有点头痛。）B.“have/hasgot+不定式”，表示“必须”。I’vegottogo.（我得走了。）Youhavegottouseyourimagination.（你得运用自己的想像力。）（7）have/hasbeento与have/hasgoneto（⚪）RonaldhasbeentoHongKongDisneythemeparktwice.（罗纳德去过香港的迪斯尼主题公园两次。）（表示罗纳德以前去过迪斯尼公园，现在在此地）（⚪）RonaldhasgonetoHongKongDisneythemepark.（罗纳德去了香港的迪斯尼主题公园。）（表示罗纳德已经去了迪斯尼公园，现在不在此地）（×）RonaldhasgonetoHongKongDisneythemeparktwice.（8）短暂性动词与延续性动词，如：comeback/beback;die/bedead;buy/have;borrow/keep;puton/wear;fallbehind/bebehind;goout/beout;open/beopen;finish/beover等。考点6过去完成时had+(not+)过去分词（1）与already，just，ever，yet等词连用，表示过去的过去。Roberttoldmehisteamhadalreadywon.（罗伯特告诉我他们队已经赢了。）Iheardthatthepresidenthadjustarrivedhere.（我听说院长刚刚到达。）（2）与bythen（截止到那时之前），by9o’clock（直到9点之前），bytheendof...（截止到…末尾），bythetime...（截止到…时，在…之前），uptillthen（直到那时）等连用，表示过去的过去。Bytheendof2007manybuildingshadbeenbuiltinthecity.（截止到2007年年底，这座城市已高楼林立。）BythetimeHenrycameherehehadbeenafamousdoctor.（亨利到这儿之前就已经是位名医了。）（3）与when，before，after，assoonas，till/until等引导的时间状语从句连用，强调动作发生的时间先后。Whenshegothome,herchildrenhadslept.（她到家时孩子们已经入睡了。）（孩子们入睡的动作在前，她到家的动作在后）Whenshehadfinishedherjob,shewenttosleep.（当她把所有的事情做完之后，她就去睡觉了。）（此时不分主从句，哪个过去的动作在前，该句就用过去完成时）Istoodthereuntiltheplanehaddisappearedinthesky.（我站在那儿直到飞机在天空中消失。）（4）与状语从句连用时，如果不强调动作的先后则有时可用一般过去时来表示，尤其是由assoonas，until引导从句时；但若要表示强调，则用过去完成时。AssoonasIreceivedtheletter,Iwrotetoyou.（我一收到信，马上就给你回信了。）（两个动作几乎同时发生，用一般过去时即可）Hedidn’tleavehereuntilMaryarrived.（直到玛丽到了他才离开。）（5）过去完成时可用于宾语从句或间接引语中Ididn’tknowwhathehaddoneitfor.（我以前不知道他究竟为什么这么做。）Iaskedhimhowmanystudentshadattendedthemeeting.（我问他有多少学生去开会了。）（6）过去完成时与现在完成时过去完成时与现在完成时的用法基本相同，但现在完成时是以现在的时间为终点；过去完成时则是以过去的时间为终点，与现在无关，即过去的过去。IhaveknownNeilforthreeyears.（我认识尼尔三年了。）IhadknownNeilwhenIwasastudent.（当我还是个学生时，就已经认识尼尔了。）Ihavefinishedmyexperiment.（我已经做完实验了。）（表示现在说话时已经做完实验）Bysixo’clock,Ihadfinishedmyexperiment.（在6点之前，我就已经做完实验了。）（表示在过去的某一时间以前已经做完实验，与现在无关）二、语态（即主动与被动）被动语态的不同时态(1)被动语态构成：be+及物动词过去分词【使用被动语态时注意：主语与动词之间是否构成被动关系】(2)被动语态时态：它的时态变化体现在be动词上（am/is/are;was/were;willbe/wouldbe;been）中考常见的被动语态时态（以单词plant为例：Weplant/plantedtreesinthepark.）构成例句一般现在时am/is/areplantedTreesareplantedinthepark.一般过去时was/wereplantedTreeswereplantedinthepark.一般将来时/过去将来时will/wouldbeplantedTreeswillbeplantedinthepark.现在/过去完成时have/has/hadbeenplantedTreeshadbeenplantedinthepark.现在/过去进行时am/is/are/was/werebeingplantedTreesarebeingplantedinthepark.含有情态动词can/could/must/should/maybeplantedTreescouldbeplantedinthepark.三、练习1.—HavescientistsfoundlifeonMars?—Notyet,butIthinkthey________itsomeday.A．find B．found C．havefound D．willfind 2.--Maria,whatdoyouthinkofMountFanjing?--Verycool.I____thereonce.I'dliketogothereagain.A.hasbeen B.havebeen C.havegone D.hasgone 3.—Wouldyouliketogohikingifit________finethisSaturday?—I'dloveto.Butnobodyknowsifit________.A．is;willrain B．is;rains C．willbe;willrain D．willbe;rains 4.—________didtherainstormcome,Mr.Liu?—Whilewe________achemistrylessonyesterdayafternoon.A．When;havehad B．When;werehaving C．While;arehaving D．While;have 5.WhileMikecomputergamesinhisroom,hisdadcamein.A.isplaying B.wasplaying C.willplay D.plays 6.—Peter,haveyoueverbeentotheEnglishCorner?—Oh,yes.Itheretopracticespeakingonceaweeklastterm.A.went B.go C.havegone D.willgo7.Listen!Ourteacher______inthemusicclassroom.

A.singsB.sang C.willsingD.issinging

8.Don'tdrinkcoffeebeforegoingtobed,oryou_________easily.

A.don'tfallasleep B.won'tfallasleep C.didn'tfallasleep D.haven'tfallenasleep9.—Alice,haveyoufinishedlearningthewholebook?—Notyet.Sofar,we__________sixunits.A．learned B．havelearned C．learn D.willlearn 10.—Iaskedhimaquestion,buthedidn'treply.—Maybehe________aboutsomethingelsewhileyouwereasking.A．thought B．thinks C．wasthinking D.wouldthink 11.—Hi,Jill.I________rapidprogressinmymathsinceyousharedyourgoodexperiencewithme.—Great!Congratulations!A．hadmade B．made C．willmake D.havemade 12.--It's20yearssincewecamebacktoLiangshan.--Howtimeflies!We____inourhometownforsuchalongtime.A．work B．worked C．hadworked D．haveworked 13.Ithasbeentwomonthssincemyfather________forItaly.A．wasleft B．left C．leaves D.wouldbeleft14．—Noonecantellwhenthey________.—Whenthey________,I’llletyouknowatonce.A．return;willarrive B．willreturn;reach C．willreturn;arrive D.return;reach 15.Ifyoutakethistrain,you_________inShanghaiinfivehours.A．arrive B．willarrive C．arrived D．havearrived 16.—Theairhereismuchfresherthanbefore.—Exactly!Wealotoftreesinthepastfewyears.A．planted B．wereplanting C．haveplanted D．willplant17.Wecan'tleavehereuntilourteacher__________.A．willarrive B．arrives C．arrived D.isarriving 18.Bythetimetheteachercame,we__________cleaningtheclassroom.A．finished B．havefinished C．hadfinished D.finish 19.—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyoursparetime?—Ioftengotoourcommunitylibrary.It________fortwoyearsinordertoencourageustoreadmore.A．opens B．hasopened C．hasbeenopened D．hasbeenopen 20.—IsHelenhere?—Notyet,butshe______________inhalfhour.A．arrives B．willarrive C．arrived D．hasarrived 21.Inthepast70years,China________historicchangesandmadegreatachievements.A．experienced B．experiences C．hasexperienced D．wouldexperience 22.Sally______________whereshehadleftthecarandthepolicefounditthismorning.A．forgot B．hasforgotten C．forgets D．hadforgotten23.—Tina,isyourfatherateacher?—Yes,heis.He___________Englishfornearly20years.A．isteaching B．teach C．hastaught D.taught24.Sorry,youcan’ttakethedictionaryaway,Vicky.I________it.A．used B．amusing C．haveused D．wasusing 25.—Wow,you’vemadesomuchprogressindrawing.—Thanks.I_______twoonlinecoursesthiswinterholiday.A．took B．willtake C．take D．wastaking 26.—Mum,whereisdad?—He________thesupermarket.A．wasgoingto B．hasgoneto C．hasbeento D．isgoingto 27.—Bequick,Sara!Thetaxiiswaitingforusoutside.—Amoment,please.I________somevisitorsourproducts.A．showed B．amshowing C．wasshowing D．show 28.NotonlyJimbutalsoLucy____________afewcitiessincetheycametoChina.A．willvisit B．visited C．havevisited D．hasvisited 29.Itdark.ShallIturnonthelight?A．gets B．got C．isgetting D．wasgetting 30.I’msogladthatInearlyhalfofthetestnow.A．finish B．finished C．willfinish D．havefinished 31.—Hello,John.ThisisMike.Whatareyoudoingnow?—I'mwatchingafilmonTV.It____________at7:30andwillbeonforanotherhour.A．starts B．started C．hasstarted D.willstart32.—Jenny,doyouknowifyourmother_______backtomorrow?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.Assoonasshe_________home,Iwilltellhertocallyou.A．comes;gets B．willcome;getsto C．willcome;willget D．willcome;gets 33.—Thenewshirtlooksgoodonyou.Whendidyoubuyit?—OnJuly7th.I________itforaweek.A．havebought B．havehad C．bought D．buy 34.Idon’tknowthewordstoalotofsongs,butIdoknowsomefolksongsthatmygrandma______meatanearlyage.A．teaches B．taught C．willteach D．hastaught 35.—ProjectHopecelebratedits30birthdayin2019.—Yeah.Childrenfrompoorfamiliesthechancetogotoschoolsince1989.A．offered B．hasoffered C．wasoffered D．hasbeenoffered 36.—HowaboutthethirdseasonofdocumentaryAerialChina?—Great.I______ittwice.A．watched B．watch C．willwatch D．havewatched 37.—Hi,Daniel.Youdidn'tattendthechessclasslastnight.—Oh,I___________myson'smodelplane.A．amrepairing B．repaired C．haverepaired D．wasrepairing 38.Everyyearthousandsoftourists________themountainareatorelaxthemselves.A．visited B．werevisiting C．visit D．havevisited 39.—Yourhometownisfamousfortea,right?—Yes.Nowteaplants________onmostmountainshere.A．willgrow B．aregrown C．weregrown D.havegrown40.Iwantamobilephonewhich________goodpictures.A．took B．istaking C．takes D．havetaken 41.Cornproduction______nearly125percentoverthepast25yearsinChina.A．jumped B．jumps C．willjump D．hasjumped42.Ihearthatitoften________inSichuanandthereareusuallyfloods,especiallyinsummer.A．rains B．rained C．willrain D.hasrained 43.—IsLiMeiateacher?—Yes,sheis.She______atavillageschool.A．teaches B．isteaching C．taught D．willteach 44.Someprimaryandsecondaryschools________wintersportstotheircoursessinceBeijingwontherightt