2024年全球展望报告：人工智能和绿色能源转型将带来新的挑战和机遇（英文版）

Research

Global|2024

DataCenters

2024GlobalOutlook

AIandthegreenenergytransitionwillbringnewchallengesandopportunities

JLLSEEABRGHTERWAY

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlook

Contents

Executivesummary3

01

Demanddrivers

5

Digitaleconomy

6

GenerativeAI

8

02

Datacenterdesign

9

Increasingrackdensity

9

Liquidcooling

12

Datacenteroperations

13

Increasingpowerefficiency

13

Software-fueledefficiencyimprovements

14

AlgorithmsandCPUcycles

14

03

Powersourcing

15

Globalpowershortage

16

Sustainableenergy

18

Low-carbonstrategiestoovercome

supplyissues

20

04

Opportunitiesforsustainablegrowth2

2

Keycontacts2

4

2

3

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlook

Contents→

Executivesummary

ThedemocratizationofArtificialIntelligence(AI)standstobethebiggesttransformationinthedatacenterindustrysincethesectorburstontothe

scene.Thedatacenterindustryhasexperiencedexplosivegrowthoverthepastdecade,drivenbyever-increasingdemandforcloudservicesandtheexpandinguseofweb-enableddevicesglobally.Nowin2024,AIandmachinelearningispromptingafundamentalshiftindatacenterdesign,siteselectionandinvestmentapproach.

Withpowerrequirementsfordatacenters

growingexponentially,weareseeingascarcity

ofdatacentercolocationsupplydrivenby

regionalpowerlimitations.Datacentergrowth

isexperiencingsignificantcompetitionwith

otherhigh-powerusersincludingelectricvehicleinfrastructureandadvancedmanufacturing.TheEuropeanCommissionestimatesthatelectricityconsumptionwillincreaseby60%by2030whilepowergenerationcapacityneedshugeinvestmentinordertomeetrenewableenergytargets.

Theimpactonthedatacenterindustryis

immense.Powerpresentsbothanopportunity

andathreattothesectorandasaresultwehavededicatedouroutlooktothisevolvingdynamic.Ourreportexploresindetail,whatthismeansfordevelopersandoperatorsin2024andbeyond,

includingcasestudiesofingenuityandinnovationasthesectorevolves.

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlookContents→

4

Demanddrivers

Theever-growingdigitaleconomyand

democratizationofAIwilldrivedemandformoreandlargerdatacenters.Withmanyrealestate

assetclassesseeingapullbackfordevelopersandinvestors,datacentersstandsoutasapromisingassetclassin2024.

Datacenterdesign

Thehighlyspecializedequipmentneededto

supportAIdensities,particularlyliquidcooling,willtransformtraditionalfacilitydesign.Data

centerprovidersarerapidlychangingdesignstosupportthesenewrequirements.

Datacenteroperations

Inthequesttolowerpowerusageeffectiveness(PUE),datacenteroperatorswillseeknew

softwaresolutionsandalgorithmstopropelefficiencygains.Forenterprisedatacenter

operators,achievingbetterefficiencyrequiresspecializedexpertise.

Powersourcing

Theurgentneedformorepowerwillleaddata

centeroperatorsandevengovernmentsto

scrambletosecurerequiredutility,especially

sustainablesourcesofenergywhilespurring

innovation.AIisdrivingextremescalefornew

developmentswithrequirementsnowranging

from300megawatts(MW)toover500MW.Site

selectioncriteriahavechangeddramaticallywithamoreprominentfocusonpoweravailabilityanddeliverytimelines.

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlookContents→

5

01

Demanddrivers

Thecontinuedtransitiontothecloud,growthintheInternetofThings(IoT),growingdata

sovereigntyandresidencyregulations,and

theexpandingamountofdatathatconsumersandbusinessesgeneratearefuelingtherapiddevelopmentofdatacentersglobally.

Inthenextfiveyears,consumersandbusinesseswillgeneratetwiceasmuchdataasallthedatacreatedoverthepast10years.Inresponse,totalstoragecapacityindatacentersandendpoint

deviceswillgrowfrom10.1zettabytes(ZB)in

2023to21.0ZBin2027,forafive-yearcompoundannualgrowthrate(CAGR)of18.5%.1

1Aug2023,IDC#US49346223,RevelationsintheGlobalStorageSphere2023,JohnRydning

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlookContents→

6

Thegrowingneedforstoragetranslatestogrowing

demandfordatacenterspace,fuelingrapid

development.Inthepastdecade,developershavesteadilyincreasedthecapacityofnewcolocationandhyperscaledatacenters.StructureResearchestimatesthatglobalcolocationMWwillgrowat15.2%CAGRoverthenextfiveyears.

Mostnewdatacentersbuilt10yearsagohada

criticalITloadcapacityoflessthan10MW.Today,itisnotuncommontoheardevelopersannouncenewbuildsof100MWormore.

7

Contents→

Globaldatacentercolocationmarketsizebycountryinprimary,secondaryandemergingmarkets(inMWofbuilt-outcriticalITloadcapacity)

London

912

SaltLakeCity

176

Paris

387

DenverVancouver108

Amsterdam

488

●o—Berlin

t92

Frankfurt

660

26

Dublin

Dallas-FortWorth

Northwest737227

LasVegas/Reno784NewYorkJersey

620Chicagonto

180152

●

Seoul

545

HongKong

576

160

NorthernCaliforniaBostonMadrid

Tokyo

898

265NorthernVirginia

693LosAngeles99

PhoenixAtlanta3,640

698390Houston

Mumbai

392

Austin/SanAntonio109

●Chennai

87

KualaLumpur

233

433Querétaro41

Singapore

1,000

Campinas

RiodeJaniero

410

Johannesburg

76

Barueri

CapeTown

29

121

Sydney

221

Melbourne

324

●637

Secondarymarketstypicallyhave100–600MWofsupplyandhave

recentlybecomethefocusofattentionasinvestors,lendersanddevelopersseeknewopportunitiesinless

crowdedmarkets.

Emergingmarketswillcontinueto

growasEdgedeploymentsbringdatacentersclosertotheuserandnationaldatasovereigntylawsmandatein-

countrystorage.

Primarymarketshaveatleast600MW

ofsupplyandmanyofthesemarketsarenowpushingbeyondthe1,000MWmark.Theywillcontinuetoseestronggrowthascolocationandhyperscalersconsolidatetheirpositionsinsafemetrosthathave

becomesub-regionalhubs.

Source:JLL,StructureResearchDataasofJune2023

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlookContents→

8

GenerativeAIpoisedtotransformthe

datacentermarket

GenerativeAIwillsignificantlydisrupttheindustry,impactingnotjustthenumberofnewdatacentersneededbutalsotheirdesignandlocation.

BloombergIntelligenceprojectsthegenerative

AImarketwillgrowto$1.3trillionoverthenext

10yearsfromamarketsizeofjust$40billionin

2022.2DatacenteroperatorsanddevelopersthatwanttocapitalizeonthismarketopportunitymustrecognizethatAI-specializeddatacenterslook

differentthanconventionalfacilities.

GenerativeAIrequiresmoredenselyclustered

andperformance-intensiveITinfrastructurethantheframeworkfoundinstandarddatacenters,

producingmuchmoreheat.ThepowerconsumedbygenerativeAIworkloadsfluctuatesmorethantraditionalITworkloads,creatingchallengesin

optimizingafacility’soverallefficiency.

Forexample,theworkloadofanAIimage

generatorapplicationrequiresmuchmore

powerthanatextgenerationapplication.

Additionally,powerrequirementsforthethreestagesofgenerativeAI—modelcreation,

tuningandinference—varysignificantly.Datacenteroperatorsneedtoplanandallocate

powerresourcesbasedonthetypeofdata

beingprocessedandthestageofgenerativeAImodeldevelopment.3

Trainingandtuningapplicationworkloadsfor

AIarenottypicallylatency-sensitive.Therefore,

developersbuildingAI-specializeddatacenters

canbemoreflexibleinsiteselectionand

strategicallychoosegeographieswithsignificantavailabletransmissionpower,lowenergycosts,

abundantsustainableenergysourcesandclimatesthatsupportfreecooling.4

Givenhighdemandandgrowingdata

requirements,datacenterdevelopmentis

positionedtocontinueatarapidpacein2024.However,ashyperscalersandotherlarge

requirementssigncommitmentstospace

farinadvanceofdelivery,thosewithsmaller

requirementswillneedtoplanaheadtofindthecapacitytheyneed.

Keyconsiderations

Forinvestors,howwillgenerativeAIchangethedatacenterlandscape,particularlytheneedsofeachstageofmodeldevelopment?

Forenterprisesandoperators,aregenerativeAIworkloadsbestservedinon-premise,colocation,orpubliccloudenvironments?

2Bloomberg,GenerativeAItoBecomea$1.3TrillionMarketby2032,ResearchFinds,June2023

3Jul2023,IDC#US51013223,GenerativeAI:ImplicationsfortheDatacenter,SeanGrahamandPeterRutten

4IDC#US51013223,2023

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9

02

Datacenter

design

Increasingrackdensity

TherapidadoptionofgenerativeAIwillcontinuetodrivetheupwardtrajectoryofrackpower

density.Averagerackdensityhasbeenslowlyclimbingoverthepastfewyearsandwillseesignificantjumpsinthecomingyears.

Rackdensityreferstotheamountofcomputingequipmentinstalledandoperatedwithinasingleserverrack.Itiscalculatedbytherack’spowerrequirements(inwatts)divided

bytheavailablespace(measuredinrackunits).

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlookContents→

10

Hyperscalers,whichhavebeenattheforefront

ofadoptingAIandhigh-performancecomputing(HPC),havethegreatestneedforhigh-density

infrastructure.Currently,theirlargefacilitieshaveanestimatedaveragedensityof36kWperrack,whichIDCestimateswillgrowata7.8%CAGR

inthecomingyearstoapproach50kWby2027.ManyAIclusterrequirementsareprojectedtohit80-100kW/rack.5

Despiteitsexponentialgrowththroughout

2023,generativeAIisstillinitsearlystagesof

democratizationformostorganizationsandend-users.Asthistransformativetechnologyreachesmoremainstreamusers,enterpriseandcolocation

datacenterswillneedtoadapttoaccommodatethehigherpowerdensitiesrequiredtosupporttheseadvancedITloads.

Inadditiontoincreasingcomputationalneeds,risingdemandforhyperconvergedinfrastructure(HCI)isdrivingtheupwardtrajectoryof

powerdensity.

Asdemandforhigherrackdensitygrows,

innovationsontheinfrastructuresideareenablingtheindustrytokeepup.Promisingsustainable

energysolutionsandtheadventofcontemporarycoolingsolutions,especiallyimmersioncooling,willhelpoperatorscontinuetoincreasedensity.

Figure1

Averagerackdensityisincreasing,especiallyinhyperscaledatacenters(AsiaPacificexcludingJapan)6

60

50

40

kW/rack

30

20

10

0

20232024202520262027

Hyperscaledatacenters

Enterprise&colocationdatacenters

5,6July2023,IDC#

AP50326223

,Asia/Pacific(ExcludingJapan)DCDeploymentModelandSpendForecast,2H22:2022–2027,MikhailJaura,WilliamLee,WendyLok,CynthiaHo

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlookContents→

“

TheincreasingtrendofHyper-

convergedInfrastructure(HCI)

andmodularequipmentreflect

astrategicshiftforenhanced

flexibilityandscalability.This

industry-widemoveaimsto

swiftlyadapttoevolvingdemand,

optimizingagilitywhilestayingcommittedtosustainable

practices.

CaineBoesenberg

GroupAccountDirector,DataCentersAsiaPacific

JLL

11

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlookContents→

12

Liquidcoolingadoptionrampsup

Higherrackdensityexacerbatesthecoolingdemandswithindatacentersbecause

concentratedcomputingequipmentgenerates

substantialheat.Traditionalmethods,suchasair-basedcooling,maystruggletodissipatetheheatgeneratedbydenselypackedracks.Tomaintainefficiency,datacentersareadoptingadvanced

coolingtechnologies,suchasliquidcoolingorrear-doorheatexchangers.

Sincecoolingtypicallyaccountsforroughly

40%ofanaveragedatacenter’selectricityuse,operatorscanoffsettheenergyneedsofhigher

computationalpowerbyshiftingtoliquidcooling.Providershaveshownthatliquidcoolingboastssignificantpowerreductions—ashighas90%

—whileimprovingcomputationalcapabilityandspacerequirements.

Liquidcoolingisgraduallybecomingcost-

competitivewithconventionalsolutions,so

operatorsshouldfacealowercostbarrierto

entryinthenearfuture.Whiledatacenterswithtraditionalrackdensitieswillmaintainair-cooledsetups,wewillbegintoseewideradoptionof

liquidcoolinginfacilitieswithhighrackdensities.

“

Liquidcoolingsystemsdemonstratesatransformativestepin

datacenteroperationalefficiency.Beyondprocessingpower,the

industry’sfocusonadvancedheatmanagementalignswitha

commitmenttosustainablehigh-performancecomputing,departingfromconventionalsystems,notonlyforsustainabilitypurposesbutalsotoacclimatizetotheincreasingneedforHPC.

AndrewGreen

RegionalPracticeLead,DataCenters,APACJLL

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13

Datacenteroperations

Efficiencyontherise

Leadingdatacenteroperatorscontinuetomakestridesinincreasingefficiency.Manycloud,

hyperscaleandcolocationdatacentersrunmuchmoreefficientlythanthetraditionalenterprise

datacenterstheyarereplacing.

In2022,ITanddatacentermanagersreportedanaverageannualPUEratioof1.55attheirlargestdatacenter.DatacenteroperatorsaimtogettheirPUEratioascloseto1aspossible.

Whileefficiencygainshaveflattenedinrecent

years,leadingoperatorscontinuetoexplorenewsolutionstoimprovePUEratiosincrementally.

Softwarewillfuelenergyefficiencyimprovements

Higherpowerdensitiesinnewandexistingcenterswillbenecessarytodomorewiththesame

physicalspace.Leadingdatacenteroperators

willemploysoftwareforintelligentmanagement,monitoringandrackorchestrationthatwill

fuelefficiencies,loweroperationalcostsandrequirelessstaff.

Software-definedpower,whichoptimizesenergyuse,offersoneopportunity.HalfofITanddata

centermanagersbelievesoftware-defined

powerwilllikelyimprovetheefficiencyofdatacenterswithinthenextfiveyears,accordingtoa2022survey.7

Figure2

WhatistheaverageannualPUEforyourlargestdatacenter?DatacenteraveragePUEworldwide2007-2023

2.5

AverageannualPUE

2.0

1.5

20072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023

Note:Worldwide;2007to2022;669respondents;ITanddatacentermanagers.

Source:UptimeInstitute;ID1229367

7UptimeInstituteGlobalDataCenterSurvey2022,page28

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14

AlgorithmsholdpotentialtoincreaseCPUcycles

Whilehardwareimprovementslikerenewable

energyandimmersioncoolingtendtogeneratealotofbuzz,manyleadingdatacenteroperatorsarealsoimprovingefficiencybehindthe

scenesbyincreasingthecomputationalyieldfromCPUcycles.

WiththeclockspeedofCPUcycleshittinga

plateauinthelastdecade,datacenteroperatorsthatwanttoimprovecomputationalpowerandefficiencyfurtherwillneedtoturntoinstructionsorcodingimprovementssuchasparalleland

advancedalgorithms.

Forexample,parallelordistributedcomputingallowsmultipleserverstohandleaheavy

processingworkload,thushelpingtoalleviate

somerackdensitychallenges.Inaddition,furtherresearchanddevelopmentcanbeconducted

onalgorithmsforquantumprocessing,enablingwiderusageofquantumcomputers(QPU)forAIandmachinelearning.

Operatorsthatinvestinimprovingalgorithmsorsoftwareinthecomingyearsstandtoachieve

greaterefficiencygainsthanthosefocusingonhardwarealone.

Keyconsiderations

Forinvestors,howcanyouincorporatenewtechnologiesintoyourdatacenterdesignstomakethemmoreefficient,particularlyinrelationtocoolingandenergymanagement?

Forenterprisesandoperators,willyourexistingdatacenterdesignsbesufficientforsupportingcertainstagesofGenerativeAI

modeldevelopment?

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15

03

Power

transmissionandsupplysourcing

Intensifyingdatacenterpower

requirementsconvergewiththeenergytransitiontosustainablesources

ThesignificantpowerdemandsofHPCandAIsystemsputpressureondatacenters’energy

infrastructure,amplifyingthechallengesof

sourcingsufficientpowercapacity.Global

electricityuseofdatacentershasremainedflatsince2015whiledatacenterworkloadshave

morethandoubled.8Thishaslargelybeenduetorapidimprovementstodatacenterefficiency,infrastructureandatrendtowardslarger

hyperscaledatacenters.

Despitethis,smallercountrieswithexpandingdatacentermarketsareseeingsubstantial

increasesinenergyuse,puttingsignificant

pressureongenerationandgridinfrastructure.

8IEA,DataCentersandDataTransmissionNetworks

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16

EirGridinIrelandestimatesthatelectricitydemandfromdatacenterscouldmorethandoubleto30%ofallconsumptionin2028.InDenmark,electricityusagefromdatacentersisforecasttogrowfrom

1%to15%oftotalconsumptionby2030.

Thedatacenterindustry’sexplosivegrowthcomesascompaniesaretryingtonavigatethechallengesoftheglobalenergytransitionfromfossil

fuelstosustainablesourcesandagingenergy

infrastructure.Antiquatedgridnetworkswere

notbuilttohandletoday’spower-intensedata

flowsontopofrecorddeploymentsofelectric

vehicleinfrastructure,increasesinadvanced

manufacturingandurbanareas’growing

electricitydemand.Timelinesforsourcingpowerhaveincreasedtwoorthreefoldtoproducethelargeamountsofpowerrequiredfordatacenters.

Gridinfrastructuregloballyrequiresenormous

investment.Forexample,one-thirdofEurope’s

gridinfrastructureisover40yearsold,requiringanestimated€584billion($641billion)ofinvestmentby2030tomeettheEuropeanUnion’sgreengoals.IntheUnitedStates,meetingenergytransition

goalswillrequireanestimated$2trillioninordertoupgradethegridandfeedmorerenewable

energyintothepowersupply.Sofar$13billionhasbeenallocatedformodernizingthegrid

throughtheBipartisanInfrastructureLawwhichalsoincludesgrantstoexpandcapacityforwindandsolarpoweraswellasmicrogridsthatcan

functionindependentlyintheeventofablackout.

Duetothesignificantinvestmentrequired,challengesinsourcingpowerwillcontinuetobeafactorfordevelopersandusersseekingdatacentercapacity.Advancedplanningwill

benecessary,asdeliverytimelinesaretwoto

threeyearsinthefuture.Usersanddeveloperswillalsoincreasinglyseeksitesinsecondary

andtertiarymarketsduetotimelinesinvolved

inpowerprocurement.Colocationoperators

willalsostrivetooperatemoreefficiently,

makinguseofthe“strandedpower”,orpowercontractuallyguaranteedthatisn’tused,inordertomaximizecapacity.

Loadsheddingdisruptsgridreliability

Datacenteroperatorsinsomemarketsnow

mustcontendwithloadshedding,apractice

ofintentionallyshuttingdownpowerthathashistoricallybeenusedprimarilyindevelopingeconomies.Inthepastyear,utilitiesinCaliforniaandTexashavedeployedthepracticeduring

periodsofhighdemand.Meanwhile,Germanyiscontemplatingusingloadsheddingin2024tocontroltheenergysupplyinhigh-demandareas.

Althoughatemporaryreductionofelectricity

supplyhelpsbalancethepowergridintimesof

highdemandorashortageofgenerationcapacityandpreventslarge-scaledisruptionfromatotal

gridcollapseorablackout,loadsheddingcanbeparticularlyinconvenientfordatacenteroperators.DatacentersrelyonUninterruptedPowerSupply(UPS)toensurethecontinuousoperationoftheirservers,networkequipmentandcriticalsystems.Datacentershavesystemsinplacetoprotect

againstpowerdisruptionssuchasredundant

powersourcesandbackupgenerators.However,frequentloadsheddingcanplaceadditional

strainonthesebackupsystemsandresultin

higherenergyconsumption,leadingtohigheroperationalcostsandimpactingenvironmentalsustainabilityefforts.

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlookContents→

17

Majormarketsaddresspowerburdenofdatacenters

Thecostandavailabilityofpowercontinuetohinderdevelopmentinallglobaldatacentermarkets.Thefollowingexamplesillustratehowselectmarketsareaddressingthechallenge:

Ireland

ThedatacenterindustryhascomeunderimmensescrutinyinIrelandoverthepastfew

years.In2022,datacenters

consumed18%ofthecountry’selectricity,upfrom5%in2015.9

Inresponse,Ireland’sstate

gridauthority,EirGrid,has

stoppedprovidingconnectionsforfacilitiesinDublin.Thede

factomoratoriummeansthatEirGridwillnotsupplyany

newconnectionsuntilatleast2028andwillonlyconsider

applicationsonacase-by-casebasis.Ahandfulofdevelopersarecurrentlyseeking

planningpermissionfornewdevelopments,withVantageandEdgeConnexappealingtheirrejecteddecisionsandCyrusOneawaitingaverdict.

9CentralStatisticsOffice,DataCentersMeteredElectricityConsumption2022

Singapore

Astherapidgrowthof

Singapore’sdatacenter

industryputspressureonthecountry’slimitedresources,thegovernmentenacted

amoratoriumtohaltdata

centerconstructionincertain

regionstemporarily.Duringthemoratorium,thegovernment

carefullyreviewednewdata

centerproposalsin2022and2023toensuretheyalignwiththecountry’ssustainability

goals,examiningfactorssuchasenergyefficiency,renewableenergyusageandtheutilizationofexistinginfrastructure.

Thegovernmenthasindicatedthatitisactivelyexploringwaystomeettheincreasingdemandfordatacentersthrough

innovativesolutions,suchasfloatingdatacentersandundergrounddevelopments.

UnitedStates

InNorthernVirginia,thepowercapacityusedbydatacentersdoubledbetween2018and

2022to2,767MW,accordingtoDominionEnergy,thestate’s

electricutility.Whileithas

historicallymatcheddemand,Dominionhasstruggledin

recentyearstokeepupwiththesurgeinpowerneeds.Based

oncustomerorders,theutilityforecaststhatcapacitywill

doublestatewideby2028.

Toaddresstheseconstraints

andmeetfuturedemand,

Dominionmustconstructmajortransmissioninfrastructure.Tostart,ithasbegunbuildingtwo500-kilovolttransmissionlinesinNorthernVirginiatoservethedatacentermarket.

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlookContents→

18

Theriseofsustainablepower

Sustainabilityhasemergedasoneofthemostimportantissuesfordatacenterstoday.With

datacentersanddatatransmissionnetworks

accountingfor1%ofenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissions,operatorsfaceincreasedpressuretonotonlyimproveefficiencybutalsotosourcesustainablepower.10

Theintensefocusonsustainabilitymeansthat

datacenteroperatorsmusttackleadualchallengeinapower-constrainedenvironment:ensure

areliableelectricitysupplywhileminimizingafacility’senvironmentalfootprint.Several

examplesfromleadingoperatorsoffercluestohowtheindustrycansolvethisconundrum.

“

Inadditiontolocationanddesignconsiderations,datacenter

operatorsarestartingtoexplorealternativepowersourcingstrategiesforonsitepowergenerationincludingsmallmodularreactors(SMRs),hydrogenfuelcellsandnaturalgas.Withpowergridsbecoming

effectivelytappedoutandtransformershavingleadtimesofoverthreeyears,operatorswillneedtoinnovate.

AndyCvengros

ManagingDirector,U.S.DataCenterMarketsJLL

10IEA,DataCentersandDataTransmissionNetworks

19

DataCenters2024GlobalOutlook

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Casestudy:Energiewende

TranslatedinEnglishas‘EnergyTurnaround’,

EnergiewendeistheGermannameforthe

country’stransitiontolow-carbon,safe,reliableandrenewableenergywhichinvolvesphasingoutnuclearpower(thelastthreenuclearplantswereshutdownin2023).Coal-firedpowerplantsareaimedtobephasedoutby2030andthereisincreasinginvestmentintosolarandwindenergygeneration.Thescrappingofnuclearpowerhas

beenacontroversialdecisioninGermany,asit

leavesthecountryinadifficultplacetomeetitsambitiouscleanenergygoals(65%ofelectricityfrom‘cleansources’by2030).TheUKfo