【课件】CD篇科普文解题策略课件

CD篇科普文的解题策略——研究发现类UnfamiliartopicsNewwordsLongsentences

Whatisapopularsciencearticle?Apopularsciencearticleexplains解释knowledgeaboutcutting-edgeissues前沿问题

inprofessionalfieldstothepublicinanaccessibleandunderstandableway.Whatarethetypes?experiment/study/research/survey（研究发现类）andnewinvention/technology/method（新发明、新技术类）Howtosolve?step1:skimpara.1andcirclekeyinformationstep2:figureoutitsstructurestep3:locatequestion-relatedwordsandsentencesStep1:skimpara.1andcirclekeyinformationC篇Experimentsonratsshowthatmixingenergydrinkswithalcoholcancauselong-termproblemswithcognitive(认知的)function,addingtoconcernsoveryoungadultsdrinkinghabits.D篇Newresearchhasfoundalinkbetweentheheightofceilings天花板inexamhallsandtheperformanceofstudents.Whiletheshapeofaroomcan’tmakeyousmarter,theenvironmentswe’reinhaveaneffectonus.Theauthorsofthestudysuggestthatbigandopenrooms,withhighceilings,makeitharderforstudentstofocusonwhat’sinfrontofthem.研究发现类文本Step2:figureoutitsstructure研究发现

results/findingsshowed/discovered/found/revealed/confirmedthat...

研究过程process/method/results背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、结果...

研究结论future/limitations/comments/imapcts前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足...Research-findingpatternExperimentsonratsshowthatmixingenergydrinkswithalcoholcancauselong-termproblemswithcognitive(认知的)function,addingtoconcernsoveryoungadultsdrinkinghabits.ThestudywascarriedoutbyateamfromtheUniversityofCagliari,andgroupsofmaleadolescentratsbeinggivenalcohol,energydrinks,oramixtureofboth.Variousstandardexperimentswerethenusedtoassesscognitivefunction-includingbrainscansandbehavioraltests-upto53daysafterdrinking.Thesetestsrevealedthattheanimalsconsumingthemixeddrinksshowedenduringchangesintheirabilitytolearnandrememberandchangesinthehippocampus(海马体)-apartofthebrainresponsibleforlearningandmemory.Alcoholandenergydrinksarepopularwithyoungpeopleforvariousreasons,andtheeffectsfromthisstudyarethatthesehabitscouldcausesomelong-termharm.Inparticular,itseemsthathippocampusplasticitycouldbeaffected,damagingthebrain’sabilitytoadaptandchangeinresponsetonewinformationanddemands.Whiletheratsonalcoholandenergydrinksinitiallyshowedaboostincertainbrainfunctions.thesebenefitsdidn’tlast,andovertimeandintoadulthoodtherewasadeclineinbraincapability.Theresultsshowthatalcoholmixedwithenergydrinksconsumptionduringthepreadoleseentperiodproducesadaptivehippocampalchangesattheelectrophysiologicalandmolecularlevels.associatedwithchangesinbehavior,whicharealreadydetectableduringadolescenceandpersistinadulthood.Theseresultsstillneedtobeconfirmedinhumanstudies,andthere’relikelydifferencesbetweensexesduetohormoneinteractionsthatweren’texploredinthisstudy.Buthealthconcernsoverenergydrinksarejustified.Alcoholhasplentyofeffectsinhealth,andit’swell-knownthatmixingthetwotogetherinanykindofsignificantwayisn’tthebestidea.Overall,theanalysisofthewholesetofdataobtainedsuggeststhatalcoholmixedwithenergydrinks,duringadolescence,mayhaveresultsthatarenotnecessarilythesumofthoseobservedwithalcoholorenergydrinksaloneandpermanentlyaffecthippocampalplasticity.para.1研究观点paras.2-6研究过程paras.7-8研究结论Newresearchhasfoundalinkbetweentheheightofceilingsinexamhallsandtheperformanceofstudents.Whiletheshapeofaroomcan’tmakeyousmarter,theenvironmentswe’reinhaveaneffectonus.Theauthorsofthestudysuggestthatbigandopenrooms,withhighceilings,makeitharderforstudentstofocusonwhat’sinfrontofthem.Apreviousstudyfromsomeofthesameresearchers,makinguseofbrainmappingtechnologyandvirtualreality,hadfoundarelationshipbetweencognitiveabilityandtheperceivedsizeofaperson’ssurroundings.Here,theteamwantedtodosomereal-worldtesting.“Wewerecurioustoapplyourlabfindingstoareal-worlddatasetandseeifbeinginalargespacewhilehavingtoconcentrateonanimportanttaskwouldresultinapoorerperformance,”saysIsabellaBower.Thestudyanalyzedexamresultsfrom15,400studentsovereightyearsandacrossthreecampusesreferencingtheirscoresagainstwhatwasexpectedbasedonthecourseworkthey’dpreviouslysubmitted.Inexamroomswithhighceilings,studentstendedtounderperformcomparedtothosetakingexamsinroomswitha“standard”ceilingheight,evenafteraccountingforage,gender,time,subjectandpriorexamexperience—otherfactorspotentiallyaffectingtheresults.“Thekeypointisthatlargeroomswithhighceilingsseemtodisadvantagestudentsandweneedtounderstandwhatbrainmechanisms(机制)areatplay,andwhetherthisaffectsallstudentstothesamedegree,”saysBower.Thosearequestionsthatfutureresearchcanfindout.It’sclearthatenvironmentmatters—andthatwemightnotgivestudentsthebestchanceforsuccessbyholdingexamsinroomsthataren’tcustom-builtforthepurpose.“Examinationshavebeenakeypartofoureducationsystemforover1,300years,shapingstudentscareerpathsandlives,”saysJaclynBroadbent.“It’scrucialtorecognizethepotentialimpactofthephysicalenvironmentonstudentperformanceandmakenecessaryadjustmentstoensureallstudentshaveanequalopportunitytosucceed.”para.1研究观点paras.2-5研究过程paras.6-8研究结论28.Howwasthestudycarriedout?

A.Byobservingrats’variousbehaviorsonthespot.B.Bycomparingrats’reactionsondifferentoccasions.C.Bycollectingpreviousdataofratsofdifferentkinds.D.Bymeasuring衡量，估量thecognitiveinfluencesonthetestedrats.Step3:locatequestion-relatedwordsandsentencespara.2ThestudywascarriedoutbyateamfromtheUniversityofCagliari,andgroupsofmaleadolescentratsbeinggivenalcohol,energydrinks,oramixtureofboth.Variousstandardexperiments实验werethenusedtoassess评估cognitivefunction认知功能-includingbrainscansandbehavioraltests-upto53daysafterdrinking.D近义词measure/evaluate30.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Mixeddrinksinitiallydogreatdamagetorats’brains.10人B.Greatsexdifferenceshavebeendetectedinratssofar.8人C.HumansubjectshavenotbeeninvolvedintheprocessD.Thehippocampalandbehavioralchangesdon’tlastlong.6人para.5

Whiletheratsonalcoholandenergydrinksinitially起初showedaboost提升incertainbrainfunctions,thesebenefitsdidn’tlast,andovertimeandintoadulthoodtherewasadecline下降

inbraincapability.para.7

Theseresultsstillneedtobeconfirmedinhumanstudies,andthere’relikelydifferencesbetweensexesduetohormoneinteractionsthatweren’texploredinthisstudy.para.1long-termpara.3enduring持续的changespara.8permanently持久地；永恒affectC反义词boost→decline近义词long-term/enduring/lasting/permanent32.Howisthenewstudy

differentfrom

thepreviousone?AItisconducted进行inareal-worldsituationinsteadofinlabsB.ItrulesoutpotentialfactorsthatmayinfluencetheresultsC.ItmakesuseofbrainmappingtechnologyandvirtualrealityD.Itfindsalinkbetweenenvironmentandstudentperformance

17人para.1Newresearchhasfoundalinkbetweentheheightofceilingsinexamhallsandtheperformanceofstudents....para.2Apreviousstudyfromsomeofthesameresearchers,makinguseofbrainmappingtechnologyandvirtualreality虚拟现实,hadfoundarelationshipbetweencognitiveabilityandtheperceivedsizeofaperson’ssurroundings.Here,theteamwantedtodosome

real-worldtesting.para.3“Wewerecurioustoapplyourlabfindingstoareal-worlddatasetand...A33.Whatisfutureresearchexpectedto期望findout?A.Whetherexamroomswithhighceilingswilldisadvantagestudents.8人B.Whetherotherfactorscouldpotentiallyaffecttheresultsofthestudy.C.Whetherstudentsareequallyaffectedinexamroomswithhighceilings.D.Whetherbrainmechanismsaffectstudentsinexamroomswithhighceilings.14人para.6“Thekeypointisthatlargeroomswithhighceili