项目五识读与绘制桥梁工程图 Project Reading and Drawing Bridge Engineering Figure路桥 工程制图与识图

项目五：识读与绘制桥梁工程图路桥22-3/4工程制图与识图0006Project5：ReadingandDrawingBridgeEngineeringFigure1Basicknowledge基本知识定义：桥梁指道路路线在跨越江河、湖泊、山谷和低洼地带及其他路线时，为了保持道路的畅通、水流的宣泄和船只的通航及其他线路的运行而修筑的结构物。Project5：Readinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigure1.1Definitionandcomposition定义及组成Definition:Tomaintaintheroadsmooth,thecatharsisofwaterandshipsnavigation,thebridgeisconstructedwhentheroadacrossrivers,lakes,valleysandlow-lyingareas.

Composition:Bridgeiscomposedofsuperstructure,substructure,supportandaccessorystructures.组成：桥梁一般由上部构造、下部结构、支座和附属构造物组成。Thesuperstructure,knownasthebridgespanstructure,isthemainstructureofcrossingobstacles;上部结构又称桥跨结构，是跨越障碍的主要结构;Thesubstructureincludesabutment,pierandfoundation;下部结构包括桥台、桥墩和基础;Thesupportistheforcetransferdevicearrangedbetweenthebridgespanstructureandthepierorabutment;支座为桥跨结构与桥墩或桥台的支承处所设置的传力装置;Accessorystructuresrefertothebridgeheadplate,conicalslopeprotection,bankprotection,diversionworks,etc.附属构造物则指桥头搭板、锥形护坡、护岸、导流工程等。1Basicknowledge基本知识Project5：Readinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigure1.1Definitionandcomposition定义及组成Thesuperstructureisthemainbearingstructureofcrossingobstacles.Thebeamstructuretypesincludehollowplatebeam,boxbeam,Tshapebeam.上部结构是桥梁跨越障碍的主要承重结构，常见梁桥的主梁结构类型有空心板、箱梁、T形梁等。Project5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigureBoxbeamTshapebeamHollowplatebeamSuperstructure上部结构Thesubstructuresupportsthebridgespanstructureandtransfersloadstothefoundation.Thestructuresetatbothendsofthebridgeiscalledabutment,whichconnectsembankmentandresistthesubgradesoilpressuretopreventembankmentlandslideandcollapse.下部结构是支承桥跨结构并将恒载和活载传递至地基的构造物。通常设置在桥梁两端的叫桥台，它起着衔接路堤并抵御路基土压力，防止路堤滑坡和塌落的作用。Substructure-abutment下部结构-桥台Project5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigureProject5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigurePieristhestructurearrangedbetweentwoabutmentstosupportthespanstructureandtransferdeadloadandliveloadofvehiclestothefoundation.桥墩是设置在两桥台之间，支承桥跨结构并将恒载和车辆活载传至地基的构造物。Substructure-pier下部结构-桥墩Project5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigureFoundationisthebottompartofbridgewhichdirectlycontactswithground,anditisanimportantpartofbridgesubstructure.Itcantakealltheloadsfromthesuperstructureandtransfertothefoundation.基础是桥梁直接与地基接触的最下部分，是桥梁下部结构的重要组成部分。其作用是承受上部结构传来的全部荷载，并把它们和下部结构荷载传递给地基。Substructure-foundation下部结构-基础Project5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigureThesupportisanimportantcomponentconnectingthebridgesuperstructureandsubstructure.Itcanreliablytransfertheloadanddeformation(displacementandangle)ofthebridgesuperstructuretothebridgesubstructure,andisanimportantforcetransmissiondevice.支座是连接桥梁上部结构和下部结构的重要结构部件。它能将桥梁上部结构承受的荷载和变形(位移和转角）可靠地传递给桥梁下部结构，是桥梁的重要传力装置。Support支座Project5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigureSupport支座Project5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigureThebridgeheadplatereferstothereinforcedconcretebearingplatewhichisarrangedunderthesurfaceoftheapproachroad,andconnectstheabutmentandtheapproachroad.Bridgeheadplatecaneffectivelyslowsdowntheimpactofvehiclesandabutments,especiallyforthehigh-requirementurbanroadandhighway.桥头搭板是指设置在台后引道面层下，连接桥台和引道的钢筋混凝土承载板。桥头搭板可以有效地减缓车辆和桥台所受的冲击作用，特别适用行车要求较高的城市道路和高等级公路上。Bridgeheadplate桥头搭板Project5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigureInordertoprotectthestabilityofthebridgeandroadbedandto

preventerosion,thecone-slopeissetonbothsidesoftheabutment.Itmainlyconsistsofslopebodyandslopesurface.为保护桥与行道路基的稳定性，防止冲刷而，往往会在桥台两侧设置的锥坡。主要由坡体和坡面组成。Cone-slope堆坡Project5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigureBridgeguardrailistheprotectivedeviceinstalledonthebridgetoprotectvehicles,whichpreventthevehiclesbreakingthrough,under,overthebridge.Italsohasthefunctionofbeautifyingthebridgeconstruction.桥梁护栏是指设置于桥梁上的保护装置。其目的是为了防止失控车辆越出桥外，具有使车辆不能突破、下穿、翻越桥梁，同时还具有美化桥梁建筑的功能。Guardrail护栏Bridgescanbeclassifiedintomanytypesaccordingtodifferentcriteria:桥梁的分类根据不同的标准，桥梁可以分为很多种:1.Accordingtothestresssystem,itisdividedintobeambridge,archbridge,rigidframebridge,cable-stayedbridgeandsuspensionbridge1.按照受力体系一般分为梁桥、拱桥、刚架桥、斜拉桥和悬索桥等;2.Accordingtothebearing

materials,itcanbedividedintomasonrybridges,reinforcedconcretebridges,prestressedconcretebridges,steelbridges,woodenbridges,concretefilledsteeltubes,etc.⒉按照承重结构所用的材料划分为圬工桥、钢筋混凝土桥梁、预应力混凝土桥梁、钢桥、木桥、钢管混凝土等;1Basicknowledge基本知识Project5：Readinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigure1.2Classificationofbridge桥梁分类3.Accordingtothedifferentlengthandspan,itcanbedividedintolargebridge,bridge,mediumbridgeandsmallbridge;3.按照桥梁全长和跨径的不同划分为特大桥、大桥、中桥和小桥;4.Accordingtothebarriersproperty,itcanbedividedintoviaduct,crossingbridge(three-dimensionalcross),riverbridgeandtrestlebridge;4.按跨越障碍的性质分为高架桥、跨线桥（立体交叉)、跨河桥和栈桥;5.Accordingtothedrivingpositionofthesuperstructure,itcanbedividedintoupperbearingbridge,lowerbearingbridgeandmiddlebearingbridge5.按上部结构的行车位置分为上承式桥、下承式桥和中承式桥等。1Basicknowledge基本知识Project5：Readinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigure1.2Classificationofbridge桥梁分类1Basicknowledge基本知识Project5：Readinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigure1.2Classificationofbridge桥梁分类-按受力体系Beambridge梁桥1Basicknowledge基本知识Project5：Readinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigure1.2Classificationofbridge桥梁分类-按受力体系Archbridge拱桥Project5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigureSydneyHarbourBridge:Theworld'sfirstsingle-archbridgewithanarchspanof503meters,builtfrom1924to1932whichwasreplacedChaotianmenBridgeinChongqingof552metersin2009.1Basicknowledge基本知识Project5：Readinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigure1.2Classificationofbridge桥梁分类-按受力体系Steelframebridge钢架桥1Basicknowledge基本知识Project5：Readinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigure1.2Classificationofbridge桥梁分类-按受力体系Cable-stayedbridge斜拉桥Project5：ReadinganddrawingbridgeengineeringfigureSutongBridge:Thelongestcable-stayedbridgeintheworld,betweenNantongandChangshuCity,constructedonJune30,2008.Themainspanofthebridgeis1088meters,navigationclearanceis62meters,thetotallengthofthebridgeacrosstheriveris8206meters,thetwosidesoftheconnectionlineis242kilomet