电动拖拉机 术语

ICS65.060.10

CCST60

T/NJ1318—2024/T/CAAMM3XX—2024

电动拖拉机术语

Electrictractors—Terminology

（公示稿）

2024-XX-XX发布2024-XX-XX实施

中国农业机械学会

发布

中国农业机械工业协会

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

电动拖拉机术语

1范围

本文件界定了电动拖拉机相关的术语及定义。

本文件适用于电动拖拉机整机、驱动电机系统。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本

文件。

GB/T2900.41电工术语原电池和蓄电池

GB/T6960.1拖拉机术语第1部分：整机

GB/T19596电动汽车术语

GB/T24548燃料电池电动汽车术语

3术语和定义

GB/T2900.41、GB/T6960.1、GB/T19596和GB/T24548界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1整机

3.1.1

电动拖拉机electricdrivetractor

行走系由电机参与驱动的拖拉机。

3.1.1.1

纯电动拖拉机pureelectricdrivetractor

作业动力均来源于机载能量储存装置（电能）或电网的电动拖拉机。

3.1.1.2

混合动力电动拖拉机hybridelectricdrivetractor

能够至少从可消耗的燃料和可再充电能量储存装置两类机载储存的能量中获得动力的电动拖拉机。

3.1.1.2.1

串联式混合动力电动拖拉机serieshybridelectricdrivetractor

拖拉机的驱动力仅来源于电机的混合动力电动拖拉机，不同类型机载能量之间采用电耦合的方式

混合，动力源满足拖拉机满负荷作业。

3.1.1.2.2

并联式混合动力电动拖拉机parallelhybridelectricdrivetractor

拖拉机的驱动力由电机及发动机同时或单独供给的混合动力电动拖拉机，不同类型机载能量之间

采用机械耦合的方式混合。

3.1.1.2.3

混联式混合动力电动拖拉机combinedhybridelectricdrivetractor

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同时具有串联式和并联式驱动方式的混合动力电动拖拉机，不同类型机载能量混合模式可以在电

耦合与机械耦合之间切换。

3.1.1.2.4

可外接充电式混合动力电动拖拉机externalplug-inhybridelectricdrivetractor

正常使用情况下可从非机载装置中获取电能量的混合动力电动拖拉机。

3.1.1.2.5

不可外接充电式混合动力电动拖拉机non-externalplug-inhybridelectricdrivetractor

正常使用情况下从机载燃料中获取全部能量的混合动力电动拖拉机。

3.1.1.2.6

有手动选择功能的混合动力电动拖拉机hybridelectricdrivetractorwithselectiveswitch

具备手动选择作业模式功能的混合动力电动拖拉机。拖拉机可选择的作业模式包括纯电动模式、热

机模式、混合动力模式以及动力输出混合模式。

3.1.1.2.7

无手动选择功能的混合动力电动拖拉机hybridelectricdrivetractorwithoutselectiveswitch

不具备手动选择作业模式功能的混合动力电动拖拉机，作业模式可根据不同工况自动切换。

3.1.1.2.8

增程式电动拖拉机rangeextendedelectrictractor

一种在纯电动模式下可以达到其所有的动力性能，而当机载可充电储能系统无法满足作业要求时，

打开机载辅助供电装置为驱动电机提供电能，以延长作业时间或增加作业面积的电动拖拉机。

3.1.1.3

燃料电池电动拖拉机fuelcellelectrictractor

以燃料电池系统作为单一动力源或者是以燃料电池系统与可充电储能系统作为混合动力源的电动

拖拉机。

3.1.1.3.1

燃料电池混合动力电动拖拉机fuelcellhybridelectrictractor

以燃料电池系统与可充电储能系统作为混合动力源的电动拖拉机。

3.1.1.3.2

纯燃料电池电动拖拉机purefuelcelltractor

以燃料电池系统作为单一动力源的电动拖拉机。

3.1.2结构、部件

3.1.2.1驱动、行驶装置

3.1.2.1.1

动力单元powerunit

将机载能源转化为机械功率的装置，包括内燃机、行走电机系统、PTO电机系统、提升电机系统。

3.1.2.1.2

电驱动系统electricdrivesystem

拖拉机启动后，能够依据驾驶员的操作指令，给拖拉机各作业输出端提供驱动力的系统，由机载能

源系统、动力单元和传动系统组成。

3.1.2.1.3

前后方向控制器drivedirectioncontrol

通过驾驶员操作，用来选择拖拉机前进或后退的专用装置。

3.1.2.1.4

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整机控制器tractorcontrolunit

动力总成控制器，采集驾驶员操作信号及其他部件信号，并做出相应判断后，控制下层的各部件控

制器的动作，可实现整机驱动、制动、能量回馈。

3.1.2.1.5

制动能量回馈系统regenerativebrakingsystem

拖拉机滑行、减速、下坡、PTO减速、提升装置下降时，将拖拉机作业过程中的动能/势能转化或

部分转化为机载可充电储能系统的能量存储起来的系统。

3.1.2.2电气装置及部件

3.1.2.2.1

机载能源系统on-boardenergysystem

变换器和储能装置的组合。

3.1.2.2.2

储能装置energystorage

安装在拖拉机上储存电能的装置，包括各种动力蓄电池、超级电容和飞轮电池等或其组合。

3.1.2.2.3

动力电输出口powerelectricaloutputport

给拖拉机及其以外的高压用电器提供高压电的输出口。

3.1.2.2.4

控制电输出口controlelectricaloutputport

给拖拉机及其以外的控制器提供低压电输出口。

3.1.3性能

3.1.3.1作业性能

3.1.3.1.1

放电能量dischargedenergy

电动拖拉机作业中，由储能装置释放的电能，单位为kW·h。

3.1.3.1.2

回馈制动regenerationbraking

电动拖拉机滑行、减速、下坡、PTO减速、提升装置下降时，将拖拉机作业过程中的动能/势能转

化或部分转化为机载可充电储能系统的能量存储起来的制动过程。

3.1.3.1.3

回馈能量regeneratedenergy

电动拖拉机回馈制动回收的电能，单位为kW·h。

3.1.3.1.4

连续作业时间continuousoperationtime

单次充电循环内纯电动拖拉机带负荷持续工作时，电源系统荷电状态从满电下降到欠电保护的最

长工作时间。

3.1.3.1.5

加速时间accelerationtime

电动拖拉机原地起步至最高速度时所经历的时间。

3.1.3.1.6

电力输出功率electricoutputpower

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电动拖拉机可输出用于驱动电动农机具的电功率。

3.1.3.2经济性能

3.1.3.2.1

净能量改变量netenergychange

储能装置能量的净改变量。

注:单位为千瓦时（kW·h）。

3.1.3.2.2

驱动能量driveenergy

通过消耗的燃料和/或储能装置而获得的用于驱动拖拉机完成作业的能量。如果能量仅供给拖拉机

附件（如传统拖拉机中12V/24V的辅助蓄电池），则不应看作驱动能量。

3.1.3.2.3

总燃料能量totalfuelenergy

基于燃料低热值进行计算出的燃料能量总和，单位为kW·h。

3.1.3.2.4

总燃料驱动能量totalfuelpropulsionenergy

燃料能量转化成用于驱动拖拉机作业的机械能量，单位为kW·h。

3.1.3.2.5

能量利用率energyutilization

拖拉机消耗燃料/电能作业时的系统总效率。

3.1.3.2.6

作业能耗operatingenergyconsumption

拖拉机用于作业消耗的能量。

3.2驱动电机系统

3.2.1电机及控制器

3.2.1.1

驱动电机tractionmotor

驱动电机包括行走电机、PTO电机和提升电机。

3.2.1.2

行走电机drivemotor

为电动拖拉机行走和牵引作业提供动力的电机。

3.2.1.3

PTO电机PTOmotor

为电动拖拉机PTO提供动力的电机。

3.2.1.4

提升电机electricliftingmotor

为电动拖拉机提升系统提供动力的电机。

3.2.1.5

辅助电机auxiliarymotor

行走电机、PTO电机和提升电机以外的电机。

注：转向电机为辅助电机的一种。

3.2.1.6

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行走电机系统divemotorsystem

行走电机、行走电机控制器及其工作必需的辅助装置的组合，驱动拖拉机行走和牵引作业。

3.2.1.7

PTO电机系统PTOmotorsystem

PTO电机、PTO电机控制器及其工作必需的辅助装置的组合，驱动拖拉机动力输出轴。

3.2.1.7

提升电机系统electricliftingcylindersystem

提升电机、提升电机控制器及其工作必需的辅助装置的组合，驱动拖拉机提升系统。

3.2.2性能参数

3.2.2.1

持续功率ratedpower

规定的最大、长期工作的功率（持续2小时）。

3.2.2.2

行走电机效率motorefficiency

行走电机输出功率与输入电功率的百分比。

3.2.2.3

PTO电机效率PTOmotorefficiency

PTO电机输出功率与输入电功率的百分比。

3.2.2.4

提升电机效率electricliftingcylinderefficiency

提升电机输出功率与输入电功率的百分比。

3.2.2.5

电机回馈效率generatorefficiency

驱动电机处于发电模式时，输出电功率与输入机械功率的百分比。

3.2.2.6

控制器效率controllerefficiency

控制器输出电功率与输入电功率的百分比。

3.2.2.7

行走电机系统效率drivemotorsystemefficiency

行走电机系统的输出功率与输入电功率的百分比。输入电功率包含为确保行走电机系统正常运行

的其他器件电功率。

3.2.2.8

PTO电机系统效率PTOmotorsystemefficiency

PTO电机系统的输出功率与输入电功率的百分比。输入电功率包含为确保PTO电机系统正常运行

的其他器件电功率。

3.2.2.9

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提升电机系统效率liftmotorsystemefficiency

提升电机系统的输出功率与输入电功率的百分比。输入电功率包含为确保提升电机系统正常运行

的其他器件电功率。

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索引

汉语拼音索引

B

并联式混合动力电动拖拉机················································································3.1.1.2.2

不可外接充电式混合动力电动拖拉机····································································3.1.1.2.5

C

持续功率···········································································································3.2.2.1

储能装置········································································································3.1.2.2.2

串联式混合动力电动拖拉机················································································3.1.1.2.1

纯电动拖拉机·····································································································3.1.1.1

纯燃料电池电动拖拉机······················································································3.1.1.3.2

D

电动拖拉机···········································································································3.1.1

电机回馈效率·····································································································3.2.2.5

电力输出功率··································································································3.1.3.1.6

电驱动系统·····································································································3.1.2.1.2

动力单元········································································································3.1.2.1.1

动力电输出口··································································································3.1.2.2.3

F

放电能量········································································································3.1.3.1.1

辅助电机···········································································································3.2.1.5

H

回馈能量········································································································3.1.3.1.3

回馈制动········································································································3.1.3.1.2

混合动力电动拖拉机····························································································3.1.1.2

混联式混合动力电动拖拉机················································································3.1.1.2.3

J

机载能源系统··································································································3.1.2.2.1

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加速时间········································································································3.1.3.1.5

净能量改变量··································································································3.1.3.2.1

K

可外接充电式混合动力电动拖拉机·······································································3.1.1.2.4

控制电输出口··································································································3.1.2.2.4

控制器效率········································································································3.2.2.6

L

连续作业时间··································································································3.1.3.1.4

N

能量利用率·····································································································3.1.3.2.5

P

PTO电机···········································································································3.2.1.3

PTO电机系统·····································································································3.2.1.7

PTO电机系统效率·······························································································3.2.2.8

PTO电机效率·····································································································3.2.2.3

Q

前后方向控制器·······························································································3.1.2.1.3

驱动电机···········································································································3.2.1.1

驱动能量········································································································3.1.3.2.2

R

燃料电池电动拖拉机····························································································3.1.1.3

燃料电池混合动力电动拖拉机·············································································3.1.1.3.1

T

提升电机···········································································································3.2.1.4

提升电机系统·····································································································3.2.1.8

提升电机效率·····································································································3.2.2.4

提升电机系统效率·······························································································3.2.2.9

W

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无手动选择功能的混合动力电动拖拉机·································································3.1.1.2.7

X

行走电机···········································································································3.2.1.2

行走电机系统·····································································································3.2.1.6

行走电机系统效率·······························································································3.2.2.7

行走电机效率·····································································································3.2.2.2

Y

有手动选择功能的混合动力电动拖拉机·································································3.1.1.2.6

Z

增程式电动拖拉机····························································································3.1.1.2.8

整机控制器·····································································································3.1.2.1.4

制动能量回馈系统····························································································3.1.2.1.5

总燃料能量·····································································································3.1.3.2.3

总燃料驱动能量·······························································································3.1.3.2.4

作业能耗········································································································3.1.3.2.6

9

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

英文对应词索引

A

accelerationtime·································································································3.1.3.1.5

auxiliarymotor·····································································································3.2.1.5

C

combinedhybridelectricdrivetractor······································································3.1.1.2.3

continuousoperationtime·····················································································3.1.3.1.4

controllerefficiency·······························································································3.2.2.6

controlelectricaloutputport··················································································3.1.2.2.4

D

dischargedenergy································································································3.1.3.1.1

drivedirectioncontrol··························································································3.1.2.1.3

driveenergy·······································································································3.1.3.2.2

drivemotor··········································································································3.2.1.2

divemotorsystem··································································································3.2.1.6

drivemotorsystemefficiency···················································································3.2.2.7

E

electricdrivesystem·····························································································3.1.2.1.2

electricdrivetractor·································································································3.1.1

electricliftingcylinderefficiency···············································································3.2.2.4

electricliftingcylindersystem···················································································3.2.1.8

electricliftingmotor·······························································································3.2.1.4

electricoutputpower····························································································3.1.3.1.6

energystorage····································································································3.1.2.2.2

energyutilization·································································································3.1.3.2.5

externalplug-inhybridelectricdrivetractor······························································3.1.1.2.4

F

fuelcellelectrictractor···························································································3.1.1.3

fuelcellhybridelectrictractor················································································3.1.1.3.1

G

generatorefficiency································································································3.2.2.5

10

T/NJ1318—202X/T/CAAMM3XX—202X

H

hybridelectricdrivetractor·····················································································3.1.1.2

hybridelectricdrivetractorwithselectiveswitch························································3.1.1.2.6

hybridelectricdrivetractorwithoutselectiveswitch····················································3.1.1.2.7

L

liftmotorsystemefficiency······················································································3.2.2.9

M

motorefficiency····································································································3.2.2.2

N

netenergychange································································································3.1.3.2.1

Non-externalplug-inhybridelectricdrivetractor·······················································3.1.1.2.5

O

on-boardenergysystem························································································3.1.2.2.1

operatingenergyconsumption················································································3.1.3.2.6

P

parallelhybridelectricdrivetractor········································································3.1.1.2.2

powerelectricaloutputport···················································································3.1.2.2.3

powerunit·········································································································3.1.2.1.1

PTOmotorefficiency·····························································································3.2.2.3

PTOmotorsystemef