专题08 句子种类（易错题归纳+易错通关训练） - 备战2024年中考英语考试易错题(上海专用)

2024年中考英语满分冲刺之易错题轻松突破专题08句子种类新题自测新题自测【2023年上海中考二模宝山区】1.Emilysawherclassmatesoffattherailwaystationlastweekend.（改为否定句）Emily__________________herclassmatesoffattherailwaystationlastweekend.【答案】didn'tsee【详解】句意：上周末艾米丽在火车站为她的同学送行。原句是一般过去时，且带有实义动词，变为否定句，需要借助助动词didn't，后加动词原形see。故填didn't:see。2.WestemreadersknewlittleaboutJinYong'snovelsmanyyearsago.（对划线部分提问）___________________didwestemreadersknowaboutJinYong'snovelsmanyyearsago?【答案】Howmuch【详解】句意：我们这些读者对金庸多年前的小说知之甚少。划线部分是数量，且是不可数名词，应用howmuch来提问，句首字母需大写。故填How:much。3.gocycling,theheavyrain,decidednotto,Judyandherfriends.becauseof(连词成句）______________________________________________________________________________【答案】Judyandherfriendsdecidednottogocyclingbecauseoftheheavyrain.【详解】根据标点符号可知，这是一个陈述句。Judyandherfriends作主语：decidednotto后加gocycling:becauseof是介词短语，后加名词短语theheavyrain。故填Judyandherfriendsdecidednottogocyclingbecauseoftheheavyrain“由于下大雨，朱迪和她的朋友们决定不去骑自行车。”【2023年上海中考二模崇明区】Jerryboughtabirthdaypresentforhiswifelastweekend.（改为否定句）Jerry___________________abirthdaypresentforhiswifelastweekend.【答案】didn'tbuy【详解】句意：Jerry上周末给他的妻子买了一个生日礼物。根据要求将原句改为否定句，根据“bought”可知原句为一般过去时，改为否定句需用助动词didn't，后跟动词原形。故填didn't;buy.2.Ahigh-speedrailwaywillbebuiltontheislandinfiveyears.（对划线部分提问）___________________willahigh-speedrailwaybebuiltontheisland?【答案】Howsoon【详解】句意：一辆高铁将会在五年后被建造在岛上。此处对infiveyears“五年后”进行提问，提问将来的时间点，用疑问副词短语howsoon“多久以后”，how放句首首字母大写。故填How:soon。3.take,inclassactivities,should,anactivepart,students〔连词成句）______________________________________________________________________________【答案】Studentsshouldtakeanactivepartinclassactivities【详解】students*学生”，作主语：should-应该”，情态动词：takeanactivepartin-积极参加”，作谓语；classactivities“班级活动”，作宾语。故填Studentsshouldtakeanactivepartinclassactivities*学生应该积极参加班级活动”。【2023年上海中考二模奉贤区】Bothofthemhavereadtheexcitingnewsontoday'snewspaper.（改为否定句）__________ofthem__________readtheexcitingnewsontoday'snewspaper.【答案】Neitherhas【详解】句意：他们俩都读了今天报纸上那条令人兴奋的消息。both表示两者之间的“都”，否定是neither,neitherof修饰名词，谓语用三单，所以第二空应填has，故填Neither:has。Fewyoungpeopleareinterestedindoingthistypeofwork.(改为反义疑问句)Fewyoungpeopleareinterestedindoingthistypeofwork,________________________?【答案】arethey【详解】句意：很少有年轻人对做这类工作感兴趣。根据Few可知，陈述部分是否定，疑问部分用肯定，结合are可知，疑问部分也用are，用they代替youngpeople，故填arc:they。Nancygetsconfidenceinplayingtheviolinbypracticingregularly.（对划线部分提问）________________________Nancygetconfidenceinplayingtheviolin?【答案】Howdoes【详解】句意：南希通过经常练习，对拉小提琴有了信心。划线部分表方式，应用how对其提问。在疑问句中，含实义动词get，时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故将助动词does提前。故填How:does。【2023年上海中考二模虹口区】1.Shedeniedsomeofthefactsthatcameoutinthenewspapers.（改为否定句）She____________________anyofthefactsthatcameoutinthenewspapers.【答案】didn'tdeny【详解】句意：她否认了报纸上刊登的一些事实。根据“denied”可知，本句是一般过去时，变为否定句，助动词didn't提前，动词denied变为原形。故填didn't:deny。2.Wendyimproveshermemorywiththehelpofthelinkmethod.(对划线部分提问)____________________Wendyimprovehermemory?【答案】Howdoes【详解】句意：温迪用链接法提高了她的记忆力。划线部分表示方式，对此提问用how,improves是动词三单，疑问句借助于助动词does，故填How:does【2023年上海中考二模黄浦区】1.Thenewsspreadacrossthecountrylikewildfire.（改为一般疑问句）________thenews__________acrossthecountrylikewildfire?【答案】Didspread【详解】句意：这个消息像野火一样传遍了整个国家。根据“spread”可知时态是一般过去时，疑问句助动词用did，助动词后接动词原形，仍是spread。故填Did:spread。3.TheheadmastergreetedAugustwithabigsmileandopenarms.(对划线部分提问）____________________theheadmastergreetAugust?【答案】Howdid【详解】句意：校长面常微笑，张开双臂迎接奥古斯特。划线部分表示校长欢迎奥古斯特的方式，所以应用how提问：句子是一般过去时，疑问句需用助动词did。故填How:did.【2023年上海中考二模回民中学】1.Thatbigmistakealmostcosthislife.（改为一般疑问句）________thatbigmistakealmost_________hislife?【答案】Didcost【详解】句意：那个大错误差点要了他的命。原句时态是一般过去时，一般疑问句将助动词did提到句首并大写首字母，其后动词用原形。故填Did;cost2.Dogsneedlargeopenspacessothattheycanrunfree.（对划线部分提问）___________dogsneedlargeopenspaces?【答案】Why【详解】句意：狗需要宽阔的空间，这样它们才能自由奔跑。划线部分表示目的，对此提问用疑问词why，need是实义动词，此句是一般现在时，主语dogs是复数形式，疑问句借助于助动词do，故填Why:do。句子种类句子种类1.陈述句1.陈述句⏪用于说明事实或说话人的看法。陈述句是主语+谓语结构，有肯定形式和否定形式。1.Ilikehimbecausehealwaysplaysgamewithus.我们喜欢他，因为他总是和我们一块儿玩儿。2.Togetthere,IusuallywalkoutandturnrightonBridgeRoad.要去那儿的话，我通常步行外出，在大桥路向右拐。2.疑问句2.疑问句1.一般疑问句⏪1.一般疑问句⏪一般疑问句是在句子中用提问的方式提供一些信息，要求对方用yes或no回答的疑问句。1.Doyoulikeapples?你喜欢苹果吗？Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.是的，我喜欢。/不，我不喜欢。2.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?你完成了你的作业吗？Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.是的，我完成了。/不，我没有完成。3.Didyougohomeyesterday?你昨天回家了吗？Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.是的，我回家了。/不，我没有回家。4.IshehavinganEnglishclass?他正在上英语课吗？2.特殊疑问句Yes,heis./No,heisn't.是的，他正在上英语课。/不，他没有。2.特殊疑问句⏪是以特殊疑问词开始的以寻求信息为目的的疑问句。常见的特殊疑问词包括，what,where,when,why,howmany,howmuch,howold,howfar,howlong,howsoon,whattime,等等。1.

What'syourname?你的名字叫什么？2.

Wherearemybooks?我的书在哪儿？3.

Whywere

youlateforschool?你为什么上学迟到？3.反意疑问句3.反意疑问句1.结构:陈述句，反问部分？Sheisastudent,isn’tshe?她是一个学生，是吗？2.规则：1）前边用肯定，后边用否定。如：Theyaretired,aren’tthey?他们很累是吗？2）前边用否定，后边用肯定。如：Shedoesn’tworkhard,doesshe?她学习不努力是吗？3.注意：1)注意否定词：few,little,hardly(几乎不)，seldom(几乎不)，no,never,nothing,noone。如：1.Hehasneverbeen

toAmerica,has

he?他从来没去过美国，是吗？2.

Thereisfew

cakeintheplate,isthere?盘子里没有蛋糕了，是吗？3.

Thereis

littlewaterintheglass,isthere?杯子里没有水了，是吗？4.

Theboyhardlyhasacold,hashe?这个男孩几乎从来不得感冒，是吗？

2)注意前边句子的缩写指代什么。如：4.特殊形式He’sfinishedherhomework,hasn’the?他完成了他的作业，是吗？4.特殊形式1)Let’s…,shallwe?Let’sgotoschool,shallwe?（你和我们都去）让我们去上学好吗？2)

Letus…,willyou?Let

us

gotoschool,willyou?让我们去上学好吗？（你让我们去）3)肯定祈使句,will/won’tyou?否定祈使句，willyou?Openthedoor,willyou/won’tyou?打开门儿好吗？Don’topenthedoor,willyou?不要打开门儿好吗？4)

I’m…,aren’tI?I’m12,aren’tI?我12岁了，是吗？5)

Therebe…,…there?Thereisfew

cakeintheplate,isthere?盘子里没有蛋糕了，是吗？5.回答：---Shedoesn’tworkhard,doesshe?她工作不努力，是吗？---No,shedoesn’t.不，她不努力。---Yes,shedoes.

是的，她努力。根据事实决定，事实是“是”，用yes；事实是“不是”，用no。3.祈使句3.祈使句1.Be型(即：动词原型be＋表语＋其他)⏪1.Be型(即：动词原型be＋表语＋其他)Bequiet,please.请安静。否定句Don't＋be＋表语＋其他。2.Do型(即：实义动词原形＋宾语＋其他)2.Do型(即：实义动词原形＋宾语＋其他)①Openthewindow,please.请打开窗。②Remembertheymakerulestohelpus.记住他们制定规章制度是为了帮助我们。否定句Don't＋实义动词原形＋宾语＋其他。Don'ttalkinclass.不要在课堂上讲话。3.Let型(即Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他)3.Let型(即Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他)Letmehelpyou.让我帮助你。Let'sgohomeatsixo'clock.我们六点回家吧。否定句一般在宾语后加not。LethimnotwatchTV.不要让他看电视。4.No＋v.ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事”)4.No＋v.ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事”)Nosmoking!严禁吸烟！Noparking!不许停车5.祈使句和其它句子连用5.祈使句和其它句子连用句型①祈使句，and+句子（一般将来时态），and意思是那么Takeashower,andyou'llberelaxed.洗个淋浴，那么你就会放松。句型②祈使句，+or句子（一般将来时态），or意思是否则Studyhard,oryouwon'tgetgoodgrades.努力学习，否则你就不会取得好成绩。4.感叹句4.感叹句⏪用于表用于表达强烈的感情。what或how以其所修饰的词置于句首。what后加名词，how后加形容词或副词，其他部分用陈述句语序。Whatafinedayitis!多么好的天气啊！1.构成形式1.构成形式1.How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!如：1)

Hownicethefloweris!这朵花多好看啊！2)

Howhappily

thestudents

areplaying!学生们玩得多高兴啊！2.What+

(a/an)+adj.+

n.+主语+谓语!1)Whatanicefloweritis！多好看的一朵花啊！2)Whatbadweather！

多么坏的天气啊!

3)

Whatgreatchangestheyare!他们是多么大的变化啊!2.注意问题2.注意问题1.常考一些不可数名词如：weather,work,news,advice,information,music等。2.其他结构1)Whatfun!多么有趣啊！2)Whatapity!多么遗憾啊！必考句型句型1There+be+主语+地点状语/时间状语There’saboatintheriver.河里有条船。句型2What’swrongwith+sb./sth.？What’swrongwithyourwatch?你的手表有什么毛病？句型3Howdoyoulike…？HowdoyoulikeChina？你觉得中国怎么样？句型4Whatdoyoulikeabout…？WhatdoyoulikeaboutChina？你喜欢中国的什么？句型5hadbetter(not)+动词原型You‘dbetteraskthatpolicemanoverthere.你最好去问问那边的那个警察。句型6How+adj./adv.+n.+主语+谓语！Whata/an+adj.+n.Howcolditistoday!今天多冷啊！Whatafinepictureitis!多美的一幅图画呀！句型7Thank+sb.+for(doing)sth.Thankyouforcomingtoseeme.感谢你来看我。句型8So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语Heisastudent.SoamI.他是一个学生，我也是。句型9…not…until…Hedidn’thavesupperuntilhisparentscameback.直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。句型10比较级+and+比较级Thebabycriedharderandharder.那孩子哭得越来越厉害。句型11the+比较级，the+比较级Themoreonehas,themoreonewants.越有越贪。句型12…as+adj./adv.+as……notas(so)+adj./adv.+as…Doyouthinkthatartisasimportantasmusic?你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗？LastSundaytheweatherwasnotsowetasitistoday.上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。句型13more/less+adj.+than…Ithinkartislessimportantthanmusic.我认为艺术不如音乐重要。句型14stop…fromdoingsth.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfromblowingtheearthaway.绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。句型15both…and…BothyouandIarestudents.我和你都是学生。句型16either…or…Eitheryouorheiswrong.不是你错就是他错。句型17neither…nor…NeitherhenorIamastudent.我和他都不是学生。句型18…assoonas…AssoonasIseehim,I’llgivehimthemessage.我一见到他，我就把你的消息告诉他。句型19…so+adj./adv.+that…IwassotiredthatIdidn’twanttospeak.我累得连话也不想说了。句型20Though+主句ThoughIlikewritingtomypen-friend,ittakesalotoftime.虽然我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要消耗我大量时间。句型21begoingtoThisafternoonI’mgoingtobuyanEnglishbook.今天下午我要去买本英语书。句型22bedifferentfromIthinkthisisdifferentfromChinesenames.我认为这与汉语名字不同。句型23Welcome(back)to…Welcomebacktoschool!欢迎回到学校！句型24havefundoingWe’regoingtohavefunlearningandspeakingEnglishthisterm.这学期我们将兴趣盎然地学习和讲英语。句型25…because…/…,so…Idon’tknowallyournamesbecausethisisourfirstlesson.因为这是我们的第一节课，所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。句型26Whydon’tyou…/Whynot…Whydon’tyoucometoschoolalittleearlier?为什么不早点到校呢？句型27makeitLet’smakeithalfpastnine.让我们定在九点半吧！句型28havenothingtodoTheyhavenothingtodoeveryday.他们每天无所事事。句型29besure/besureof/aboutsth.Ithinkso,butI’mnotsure.我想是这样，但是不敢确定。Iwasnotsureof/abouttheway,soIaskedsomeone.我对于怎么走没有把握，所以我问别人了。句型30between…and…Thereisashopbetweenthehospitalandtheschool.在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。句型31keepsb./sth.+adj./V-ing/介词补语/adv.Youmustkeepyourclassroomclean.你必须保持教室干净。Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等。Canyoukeephimintheroom.你能让他在这个房里吗？Keepthemhere.让他们在这呆着。句型32find+宾语+宾补Hefindsitveryhardtotravelaroundthebigcity.他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。句型33…not…anymore/longerTheoldmandoesn’ttravelanymore.这位老人不再旅行了。Heisn’tathiefanylonger.他不再是个贼。句型34What’stheweatherlike…?What’stheweatherlikeinspringinyourhometown?在你们家乡春天天气怎么样？句型35Thereisnotimetodo/havenotimetodoTherewasnotimetothink.没有时间思考。Ihavenotimetogohomeforlunch.我没有时间回家吃午饭。句型36Helponeselfto…Helpyourselftosomefish.吃鱼吧。句型37usedtodoIusedtoreadthiskindofstorybooks.我过去常读这种故事书。句型38borrow…fromIborrowanEnglishbookfromhim.我从他那里借了一本英语书。句型39lendsb.sth./lendsth.tosb.Helentmeastorybook.Helentastorybooktome.他借了本故事书给我。句型40havebeentoHaveyoueverbeentoHawaii.你曾去过夏威夷吗？句型41havegonetoWhere’sshe?She’sgonetoWashington.她在哪？她去华盛顿了。句型42befamousforHawaiiisfamousforitsbeautifulbeaches.夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。句型43Nomatter+疑问句+主句Nomatterwhenyoucome,you’rewelcomed.无论你们什么时候来，都受欢迎。句型44beafraid(of/todo/that…)I’mafraidnot.恐怕不能。Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakeswhenspeakingEnglish.当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。句型45…as…possible…/…as…assb.canIhopetoseehimassoonaspossible我希望能尽快见到他。Heranhereasfastashecould.他尽最大努力跑到这儿。句型46practice/enjoy/finishdoingAyoungmanpracticedspeakingEnglishwithMr.Black.一个年轻人和布莱克先生练习说英语。Tomenjoysplayingfootballverymuch.汤姆很喜欢踢足球。Hefinishedreadingthestorybook.他看完了那本故事书。句型47It’ssaidthat…It’ssaidthatoneofthemostdangeroussharksistheGreatWhiteShark.据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。句型48bebasedonHisargumentisbasedonfacts.他的论断是以事实为根据的。句型49Notall/everyone…Notallsharksarealike.并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。Noteveryonelikesdumplings.并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。句型50…sothat…Putthetreeintheholesothatitisstraight.把树放入洞穴中，让它直立。句型51be+num.+metres/kilometres/years…+long/wide/deep/high/old…TheGreatGreenWallis7,000kilometreslong.绿色长城长7000公里。Theriverisabout2metresdeep.那条河大约有2米深。Theboyisabout12yearsold.这个男孩约12岁。句型52keepfromdoingThatwillkeepyoufrombeinghurt.那个会让你防止受到伤害。句型53withone’shelp…WithTom’shelp,I’vecometoAmericatostudyfurther.在汤姆的帮助下，我来美国深造。句型54Idon’tthink…Idon’tthinkanyofthemisinteresting.我认为他们中任何一个都无趣。句型55What’sthepopulationof…?What’sthepopulationofGermany?德国的人口有多少？句型56prefertodo…ratherthandoTheyprefertobuyanewoneratherthanrepairit.他们更喜欢买一辆新车，而不愿意去修理它。句型57beworth(doing)…Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得读。句型58regard…asTheyregardedtheirpetsasmembersoftheirfamilies.他们把宠物视为家庭成员。句型59beconfidentofI’mconfidentofsuccess.我确信会成功。句型60seemtodo/seem+adj./（介词短语）Heseemstobeangry.他似乎生气了。Thehouseseemstoonoisy.这房子似乎太吵了。特殊疑问句意思用法例句who谁问人的身份，姓名等He

is

Tom.

Who

is

he?He

is

mybrother.

Who

ishe?whom谁问人的身份，姓名等(宾语）I

canask

him

thequestion.Whom

can

youaskthequestion?what什么问人的职业或事物是什么He

is

a

worker.

What

ishe?=What

doeshedo?=What’shisjob?He

has

abook.

What

does

hehave?which哪一个问一定范围内特指的人或物The

big

boxismine.

Which

boxisyours?The

girl

atthedoor

isAnn.

Which

girlisAnn?whose谁的问所属关系This

is

her

book.

Whose

book

isthis?This

bookis

hers.

Whose

isthisbook?what

color什么颜色问颜色（表语）My

skirtis

red.

What

color

isyourskirt?What

time几点问点时间We

playgames

atfive

intheafternoon?What

time

doyouplaygames?when什么时候问时间We

playgames

intheafternoon

?When

doyouplaygames?where什么地方问地点（状语）We

playgames

athome

onSunday?Where

doyouplaygamesonSunday?why为什么问原因He

isn'tatschooltoday

becauseheisill.Why

isn'theatschooltoday?Tocatchtheearlybus,she

getsupearly.Why

doesshegetupearly?how怎样问健康状况、做事的方式等He

is

fine/strong.

How

ishe?I

gohome

bybike.

How

doyougohome?how

old多大几岁问年龄He

is

ten.

Howold

ishe?how

many多少跟复数名词，问数量There

are

thirty

boys

inmyclass.How

many

boys

arethereinyourclass?how

much多少跟不可数名词问数量或价钱There

is

some

milk

inthebottle.How

much

milk

isthereinthebottle?The

bagcosts

fifty

yuan.How

much

doesthebagcost?how

far多远问路程It's

fivekilometersaway

fromhere.How

far

isitfromhere?how

soon多久问in+一段时间He

canfinishit

in

halfanhour.How

soon

canhefinishit?how

long多久问一段时间，问物体的长短He

haslivedhere

for

ayear.

/since

ayearago.How

long

hashelivedhere?The

deskis

onemeters

long.How

long

isthedesk?how

often多久（一次）问频率I

gotoseemyparents

onceamonth.How

often

doyougotoseeyourparents?how

manytimes多少次问具体次数He

calledme

threetimes

yesterday.Howmanytimes

didhecallyouyesterday?考点易错点补充1：“How+

形容词

+...？”与“What'sthe+

名词

+of...？”，对重量、长度、高度、宽度、深度、速度、面积等提问，二者意思相同。eg：Howheavyisthatbasketofapples?=What'stheweightof

thatbasketofapples?【注意】与what句式转换时，how后的形容词heavy,wide,high,tall,deep,long,fast,large等，须分别转换成对应的名词：weight,width,height,depth,length,speed,size等。其中Howtallareyou?=What'syourheight?eg：Howheavy/howbig/howtall/howhigh/howlarge等可依据形容词的意思译为“多...?”。

Howhighisthebigmountain?=What'stheheightofthemountain?

Howlargeisyournewhouse?=What'sthesizeofyournewhouse?

补充2：whatbethedate对具体日期（月、日）提问。eg：Whatisthedatetoday?/Whatwasthedateyesterday?/Whatwillbethedatetomorrow?eg：Todayis

Octoberthetwenty-sixth.

今天是十月二十六日。eg：Whatisthedatetoday?

今天是几月几日？补充3：

whatday对星期几提问。eg：Whatdayis(was,willbe)today(yesterday,tomorrow)?今天（昨天，明天）是星期几？eg：Itis

Sunday

(Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday)today.eg：Whatdayistoday?

今天是星期几？补充4：What'sthepopulationof......？对人口提问。population

表示“人口”是一集体名词，havepopulationof

表示“有多少人口”。

eg：Ourvillagehaspopulationoftwohundredofpeople.

我们村有二百人口。What'sthepopulationof...？”可与“Howlargeisthepopulationof...？”和“Howmanypeoplearetherein...？”互相转换。eg：What'sthepopulationoftheworld?=Howlargeisthepopulationoftheworld?

=Howmanypeoplearethereintheworld?补充5：What...sb.....looklike?=Whatissblike?

对人物相貌，长相提问。eg：Sheis

kindandfriendly.WhatdoesSandylooklike?=WhatisSandylike?补充6：Whatdoyouthinkof......?=Howdoyoulike.....?

问你对事物进行评价或者看法。

eg：Thefilmisvery

attractiveandinteresting.

Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?=Howdoyoulikethefilm?补充7：What’stheweatherlike.....?=How’stheweather......?对天气提问。

eg：What’stheweatherliketoday?=How’stheweathertoday?补充8：What’sthematterwith.....?=What’swrongwith......?问某人怎么了，哪里不舒服。eg：Ihaveaheadache