新课改2024高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars学案含解析新人教版必修3

PAGEPAGE1Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．solaradj. 太阳的；日光的2．chainn. 链子；连锁；锁链3．dissolvevt.&vi. 溶解；解散4．acidn. 酸5．multiplyvi.&vt.[纵联1] 乘；增加6．gravityn. 万有引力；重力7．extinctadj. 灭亡的；绝种的8．exhaustvt. 用完；耗尽；使精疲力尽9．satelliten. 卫星；人造卫星10．spaceshipn. 宇宙飞船11．physicistn. 物理学家12．oxygenn. 氧Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．atmospheren. 大气层；气氛2．fundamentaladj. 基本的；基础的3．thusadv. 因此；于是4．gentleadj. 温柔的；文静的5．climaten. 气候6．crashvi.&vt. 碰撞；坠落7．pulln．&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．floatvi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂移n. 漂移物9．systemn. 系统；体系；制度10．theoryn. 学说；理论Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．globen．球体；地球仪；地球→globaladj.全球性的；全世界的2．violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；猛烈地3．unlikeprep.与……不同；不像adj.不同的→likevt.喜爱prep.像→dislikevt.不喜爱；厌烦→likelyadj.可能的[纵联2]4．harmfuladj.有害的→harmn．&vt.损害→harmlessadj.无害的[纵联3]5．existvi.存在；生存→existencen．存在；生存6．puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)犯难n．谜；难题→puzzledadj.困惑的→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的7．religionn．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的8．biologyn．生物学→biologistn．生物学家→biologicaladj.生物的；生物学的[纵联4]9．reactionn．反应；回应→reactv．反应纵联1.数学运算大集合①plusprep. 加；加上②minusprep. 减n. 减号；负号③multiplyvi.&vt. 乘；增加④dividev. 除；除以纵联2.un­前缀高频形容词集锦①unlike不同的 ②unfair不公允的③unimportant不重要的 ④unusual不寻常的⑤unhappy不华蜜的 ⑥unfortunate不幸运的⑦unsuccessful不胜利的 ⑧untidy不整齐的纵联3.以­ful结尾的形容词聚焦①harmful有害的 ②useful有用的③helpful有帮助的 ④powerful强大的⑤careful当心的 ⑥faithful忠实的纵联4.后缀­ist名词荟萃①biologist生物学家 ②tourist旅游者；游客③physicist物理学家 ④scientist科学家⑤psychologist心理学家 ⑥pianist钢琴家单元话题——天文学子话题太空科技①astronautn. 宇航员②telescopen. 望远镜③universen. 宇宙④rocketn. 火箭⑤orbitn. (天体等的)运行轨道⑥monitorvt. 监测；监控⑦datan. 资料；数据⑧spacestation 太空站；空间站⑨theouterspace 外太空⑩mannedspaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船⑪weathersatellite 气象卫星⑫spaceshuttle 航天飞机[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1．(2024·四川高考阅读C)InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest,therestillremain❶unusualgroupsofindigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony(殖民地)oftheFrenchRepublicsince1946.__❷__theory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw.However,theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,__❸__makingthemintoaninterestingareaof“lawlessness”intheworld.①写出本单元中与加彩词意义相近的词：exist②在空白处填入适当的介词：In，与后面的theory搭配，意为理论上③选词填空：eq\a\vs4\al(C)A．butB．howeverC．thus2．(2024·江苏高考阅读D)Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot­for­profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveas__❶__(float)libraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolar❷panelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(连接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamental❸level:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.①用float的适当形式填空：floating②写出加彩词在句中的含义：太阳的；日光的，solarpanels意为太阳能电池板③写出加彩词在句中的含义：基本的；基础的高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(依据汉语及提示词补全句子)1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)与西方风俗习惯不同，假如你被邀请参与晚宴，准时是有礼貌的。(unlike)Unlike_western_customs,_it_is_good_mannerstobepunctualifyouareinvitedtoattendadinnerparty.2．(2024·江苏高考书面表达)虽然很多人对于网络投票的负面影响感到困惑，但是现在网络投票仍旧受欢迎。(puzzled)While_many_people_are_puzzledatthenegativesideofthevoting,Internetvotingisquitepopularnowadays.(二)课堂重点释疑1．harmfuladj.有害的[记牢](1)beharmfultosb./sth. 对某人/某物有害eq\a\vs4\al((2),)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(do/causeharmtosb.,do/causesb.harm)) 对某人有害eq\a\vs4\al((3),)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(Thereisnoharmindoingsth.,Itdoesnoharmtodosth.)) 做某事没有坏处[练通]单句语法填空①Asweallknow,abadeatinghabitisharmful(harm)toone’shealth.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,thereisnoharminmakinganapologytohimfirst.③Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarecommon,causing/doingseriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment.[写美]一句多译众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。④Whatisknowntousisthateatingtoomuchjunkfoodis_harmful_to_your_health.(harmful)⑤Itisknowntousthateatingtoomuchjunkfooddoes_harm_to_your_health.(harmn．)2．existvi.存在；生存[记牢](1)existin 存在于……之中existon 靠……为生thereexists... 某地有……；存在……(2)existencen. 存在；生存comeintoexistence 产生；成立；起先存在(3)existingadj. 现存的；现行的[练通]单句语法填空①Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist)．②Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexistingonthemoneyheisearning.③Theparkingplaceforbikeswasanexisting(exist)problemforalongtimeinourschool.[用准]exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。[写美]翻译句子④众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。As_is_known_to_us,_there_exists_a_generation_gap_between_the_young_and_the_old.3．puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)犯难；(使)困惑n.谜；难题[记牢](1)puzzleabout/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)apuzzletosb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzledadj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的bepuzzledabout 对……迷惑不解(4)puzzlingadj. 令人困惑的[练通]单句语法填空①Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsuchapuzzlingquestion,shestoodtherewithapuzzledlookonherface.(puzzle)②Shelostheartsinceshefailedtheexam,becauseherfuturewaspuzzling(puzzle)．③Peoplehavelongpuzzledover/abouthowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.[用准]过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled,confused,frightened,excited,surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look,voice,smile,expression,face等。[写美]翻译句子④事实上，困扰你的事情对于中国的很多父母来说也是一个难题。What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_to_many_parents_in_China.[词汇过关综合训练]Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Unlike(不像)hisbrother,heistalkativeandhasasenseofhumour.2．Accustomedtotheclimate(气候)inthecountryside,theoldcoupleprefernottomovetothecity.3．Theycompletelyignoredtheseproblemsasiftheyneverexisted(存在)．4．Asisknowntous,lackofsleepdoesgreatharm(损害)tousstudents.5．Hewasquitepuzzled(困惑的)aboutwhattodonext,soheturnedtohisfatherforhelp.6．Theoldscientisttoldhisstudentsthatscientifictheories(理论)mustbebasedonfacts.7．Thoseanxiousforreformsaythatthepresentsystem(系统)isnotperfect.8．Hefoundsomethingfloating(漂移)onthelake，whichfrightenedhim.9．Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(碰撞)intothebackofabus.10．Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamental(基本的)skilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Heoftensaysthathedoesn’tbelieveinanyreligion(religious)andonlybelievesinhimself.2．Asisknowntous,thePeople’sRepublicofChinacameintoexistence(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.3．Notallpeopleareawareofthevariouseffectsofglobal(globe)warmingonearth.4．Heisoneofthegreatestphysicists(physics)intheworldandmanypeopleadmirehimverymuch.5．Theconversationwascarriedoninaharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphere.Ⅲ.依据提示补全句子1．众所周知，过量饮酒对我们的健康有害。(harmful)Whatisknowntousisthatdrinkingtoomuchis_harmful_to_our_health.2．他信任和中国建立更加良好的关系对这一地区的旺盛发展至关重要。(fundamental)HebelievesbetterrelationswithChinaare_fundamental_tothewell­beingofthearea.3．这个地区的建筑物是否须要拆毁还存在争议，人们照旧在找寻着其他可能的解决方法。(pull)Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashould_be_pulled_downhasremainedcontroversial;peoplearestilllookingforotherpossiblesolutions.4．这次台风太猛烈了以至于损坏了很多小汽车、树木甚至房子。(violent)Thetyphoonwas_so_violent_thatitdestroyedmanycars,treesandevenhouses.Ⅳ.语境辨义依据语境选出动词multiply的词义eq\x((A)乘；乘以(B)快速增加(C)繁殖；增殖)1．Itispossibletomultiplythesebacteriainthelaboratory.__C__2．Inmathsclassthechildrenarelearningtomultiplyanddivide.__A__3．Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.__B__(一)课前自主学习1．in_time 刚好；最终；迟早2．lay_eggs 下蛋3．give_birth_to 产生；分娩4．in_one’s_turn 轮到某人；接着5．watch_out_for[串记1] 亲密留意；当心；提防6．cheer__up 感到兴奋；感到激昂7．depend_on 依靠；取决于8．break_out 突发；爆发9．prevent_..._from[串记2] 阻挡；制止10．block_out[串记3] 拦住(光线)11．now_that 既然12．get_the_hang_of 熟识；驾驭；理解[同根短语串记]串记1.表达“当心；当心”的高频短语聚焦①watchout(for)当心；当心 ②lookout当心③takecare当心 ④becareful当心串记2.“阻挡/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达①preventsb.fromdoingsth.②stopsb.fromdoingsth.③bansb.fromdoingsth.④keepsb.fromdoingsth.⑤discouragesb.fromdoingsth.串记3.“动词＋out”短语荟萃①blockout拦住(光线) ②breakout突发；爆发③findout查出；弄明白 ④dieout灭亡⑤putout扑灭 ⑥runout用完⑦letout泄露；发出(声音) ⑧comeout出版1．solarsystem 太阳系2．beginwith 从……起先；起源于3．inalldirections 朝四面八方4．achainreaction 连锁反应5．makeatripintospace 太空旅行6．getcloseto 接近，靠近7．stepforward 朝前走，迈步向前8．fallover 跌倒；摔倒1．Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmade_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。2．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwice_as_far_asontheearthandfellover.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步伐的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。3．“Ohdear，”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenow_thatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力变更了，看来走路也的确须要练一练了。”4．Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.我们惊异地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)阅读中的短语(补全句子/同义替换/选词填空)1．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillprevent_them_turning_brown(阻挡它们变成棕色)．2．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ阅读七选五)ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.(写出本单元与加黑词意义相近的短语)in_time3．(2024·6月浙江高考完形)Herfriendscametohelpherwhenthewar__B__.A．tookplace B．brokeoutC．happened D．burst高考采撷(二)写作中的句式(补全句子)1．(2024·北京高考书面表达)我具体地说明这个过程的每一步，这让他们理解如何泡茶成为可能。(make＋it＋adj.＋forsb.todo)Iexplainedeverystepoftheprocessindetail,whichmadeitpossibleforthemtounderstandhowtomaketea.2．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部短片讲解并描述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。(倍数＋as...as)Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowourschoolisthreetimesasbigasthattenyearsago.(二)课堂重点释疑[短语集释]1．intime刚好；最终；迟早[记牢](1)intimefor... 刚好赶上……intimetodosth. 刚好做某事(2)innotime 立即；立刻atnotime 决不atatime 每次；一次atonetime 曾经；一度atthesametime 同时attimes 有时；间或fromtimetotime 有时；间或(3)takeone’stime 别焦急；渐渐来[练通]单句语法填空①Asaproverbgoes,“Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.”Oureffortswillpayoffintime.②(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.③Luckily,Iadaptedtothenewsurroundingsandeverythingreturnedtonormalinnotime.④WereachedonthetopofMountTai,justintimeto_enjoy(enjoy)therisingsun.[用准]atnotime等表示否定意义的短语位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。[写美]句式升级⑤Inmyview,youshouldatnotimeloseheartwheneveryouareintrouble.→Inmyview,at_no_time_should_you_lose_heartwheneveryouareintrouble.(倒装句)2．inone’sturn轮到某人；接着[记牢]inturn 依次；相应地；反过来byturns 轮番；交替地taketurnstodosth. 轮番做某事Itisone’sturntodosth. 轮到某人做某事Itturns/turnedoutthat... 结果……[练通]单句语法填空①Nowthatwehavefinishedthedesign,itisintheirturntoconstruct.②Atthemeetingtheytookturnsto_put(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.③Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherbyturns.[用准]byturns是“交替地；轮番”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；假如表示“按依次”则应当用inturn。[写美]补全句子④人们运用自己的小汽车避开公共交通延误，反过来，这造成更多的问题。Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,which_in_turn_creates_more_problems.3．cheerup(使)兴奋；(使)激昂；感到兴奋；感到激昂[记牢](1)cheersb.up 使某人振作起来cheersb.on (竞赛中)以喝彩声激励；为某人加油cheerfor 为……而欢呼(2)Cheers! [口语](用于祝酒)干杯！[练通]单句语法填空①CheerMaryup,_andthingswillworkoutforthebest.②Cathydidn’texpectanyawardbutwasstilltheretocheeronherfriendsandpraisetheiraccomplishments.补全句子③Idohopeshecancheer_upandacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!我真心希望她能振作起来，英勇地接受生活的挑战！[用准]cheerup既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。[写美]词汇升级④WhenI’mfeelingdepressed,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestomakemehappy.(升级加黑词汇)→WhenI’mfeelingdepressed,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheer_me_up.[句式集释]1．makeit＋adj./n.＋forsb.todo[教材原句]Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.[悟拓展例句](1)Shemadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.(2)Peopleinthewestmakeitaruleto_buy(buy)Christmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.(3)Heisstubborn,whichmakesitnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.[析用法规则]用法归纳(1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句(2)make＋it＋adj./n.＋todo不定式(3)make＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth.留意事项常用于这种句型的动词还有：think,consider,find,feel等[背写作佳句](1)IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,whichmakesiteasierformetofindagoodjob.(要点句)(2)(2024·浙江高考写作)YouhavemuchexperienceinvoluntaryworksothatIfinditagoodideaforyoutoapplyfortheposition.(要点句)2．倍数表达法[教材原句]ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwice_as_far_asontheearthandfellover.[悟拓展例句](1)Therearefive_times_as_many_booksinourlibraryasinyours.我们图书馆里的书是你们图书馆里的书的五倍。(2)据我所知，这个城市是那个城市的三倍大。(一句多译)①AsfarasIknow,thecityisthreetimesas_large_asthatone.②AsfarasIknow,thecityisthreetimeslarger_thanthatone.③AsfarasIknow,thecityisthreetimesthe_size_ofthatone.[析用法规则]用法归纳(1)倍数＋as＋many/much＋n.＋as(2)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as(3)倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than(4)倍数＋thesize/length/height/depth/width＋of留意事项(1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。(2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语来表达。[背写作佳句](1)Myschoolhasexpandedintoabigone,whichisthreetimesasbigasthepreviousone.(开头句)(2)Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.(要点句)[词块、句式过关综合训练]Ⅰ.选词填空eq\x(cheerup，nowthat，breakout，intime，inone'sturn，watchoutfor)1．MrBrownhadintendedtocatchtheearlytrain,buthedidn’tgetupin_time.2．Doremembertowatch_out_forcarswhilecrossingthestreet.3．Atlastthefirefightersputoutthefireinthesupermarket,whichbroke_outattenthismorning.4．Whentheprofessorturnedup,allthestudentscheered_up.5．ClassThreeshouldberesponsibleforraisingtheredflagthisweekin_its_turn.6．Now_thatyouhavegrownup,youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.Ⅱ.依据提示补全句子1．这些游客们回到宾馆，又累又困。(形容词短语作状语)Thesetravelersreturnedtothehotel,tired_and_sleepy.2．无论他在哪里，早饭前散漫步成为他的习惯。(makeit＋n.＋todo...)Nomatterwhereheis,hemakes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walkbeforebreakfast.3．李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法)LiMing’smobilephonelookedjustthesameasZhangHua’s,butthepricewastwice_as_much_asZhangHua’s.Ⅲ.应用文分步写作假定你是中学生李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母的理解，于是你给英国挚友Stephen发电子邮件进行沟通并恳求帮助。要点如下：1．你的观点；2．父母的看法。留意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。第一步：精确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本写作是一封求助信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。此书面表达开放性较大，题干给出的信息特别有限，因此精确审题并精确表达要点至关重要。文章可分三个层次：首先点明写信目的寻求帮助；主体部分陈述你对太空探险的酷爱程度，并说明你的观点健康的爱好有利于全面发展及父母的观点爱好影响学习；最终表达希望希望对方供应帮助。要点1：我写信向你求助。I'm_writing_to_seek_your_help.要点2－①：我对太空探究痴迷。I'm_crazy_about_space_exploration.要点2－②：我认为健康的爱好有利于我们的全面发展。(overall)I_think_healthy_hobbies_are_beneficial_to_our_overall_development.要点2－③：我的父母认为我的爱好迟早会对我的学习有不好的影响。My_parents_think_my_hobby_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_my_study_in_time.要点3：我希望你能给我供应一些珍贵的建议。期盼你的早日答复。I_hope_you_can_offer_me_some_valuable_suggestions._Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.其次步：添加细微环节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容更充溢，我们须要对要点进行添油加醋，让要点在内容上和形式上更丰满。要点2－①增加痴迷于太空探究常常做的事情，并用so...that...倒装句型提升作文档次；要点2后增加细微环节句“父母为此所实行的行动”；要点3运用高级句式I'dappreciateitif...表达殷切盼望。拓展要点2－①：我对太空探究如此痴迷以至于我常去图书馆阅读有关太空探究的东西。(so...that...倒装句型)So_crazy_am_I_about_space_exploration_that_I_often_go_to_the_library_to_read_something_about_space_exploration.补充要点2：他们试图阻挡我去图书馆。(prevent...from)They_try_to_prevent_me_from_going_to_the_library.升级要点3：假如你能给我供应一些珍贵的建议我将感谢不尽。期盼你的早日答复。(I'dappreciateitif...)I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_could_offer_me_some_valuable_suggestions.Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.第三步：连句成文，排语句依次，重连接过渡结合要点，文章可分两段来成文，介绍你及父母对太空探究的观点时可添加连接词but，asaconsequence把基本要点和拓展要点奇妙连接，以使行文连贯。Dear_Stephen，I'mwritingtoseekyourhelp.SocrazyamIaboutspaceexplorationthatIoftengotothelibrarytoreadsomethingaboutspaceexploration.Ithinkhealthyhobbiesarebeneficialtoouroveralldevelopment.Butmyparentsthinkmyhobbywillhaveabadeffectonmystudyintime.Asaconsequence,theytrytopreventmefromgoingtothelibrary.I'dappreciateitifyoucouldoffermesomevaluablesuggestions.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，Li_Hua理清文体结构之(十四)说明文之事理类——驾驭行文结构最重要事理类说明文在某个程度上与争论文相像，在文章开头往往提出一个现象，接着以科学探讨成果为例，说明这个现象的普遍性与真实性，在文章最终给出结论，与篇首的现象相互印证。[高考典例]2024·天津卷·C篇[速读全文，理行文结构][1]WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.[2]Thesearethefindingsofa40­yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(实力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety，”saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理学家)whomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”[3]Vaillant