《新大学英语跨文化交际阅读教程》课件-B2U7 Cultural Influence on Society

CulturalInfluenceonSocietyUnit7Objectives1BetterunderstandwhatHofstededimensionsare234BetterunderstandhowcultureaffectspeopleinsixdimensionsBetterunderstandsomeimportanttheoriesoftherelationshipbetweencultureandsocietyProvidepotentialexplanationsofculturalmisunderstandingsUnit1Unit7CONTENTS1Lead-inScenario234UnderstandingTextAEnhancingGlocalMindsetAssignmentPeriod1Lead-inScenarioLead-inScenario:ListeningorParticipatingReflectuponthefollowingquestions:Whatwouldyoudoifyoufindthatyoudisagreewithsomethingyourteachersaidinclass?Whatwouldyoudoifyouhavedoubtsaboutyourscoresofthefinalexam?Imagineyouaregoingtostudyabroad,what’syourbiggestconcern?Lead-inScenario:ListeningorParticipatingLead-inScenario:ListeningorParticipatingLead-inScenario:ListeningorParticipatingReferences:ABCABCDCheckyourunderstandingbychoosingA,B,C,and/orD.UnderstandingTextAUnderstandingTextAA.GlobalUnderstandingReadthetextandanswerthequestions:1.Whatisthemainideaoftheessay?A.Howtostudyaparticularculture.B.WhyweneedHofstede’sculturaldimensions.C.Howculturesexertinfluenceonsocieties.D.Hofstede’sculturaldimensionsandtheinterpretations.References:DUnderstandingTextAA.GlobalUnderstandingReadthetextandanswerthequestions:2.WhyisitnecessarytolearnaboutHofstede’sculturaldimensions?A.Becausethesedimensionsareuniversallyapplicabletonationsacrosscultures.B.Becauseitfacilitatesinterpretingsomepotentialculturalmisunderstandings.C.Becausethesedimensionsaffectthewaypeopleinteract.D.BecauseHofstedeisaninfluentialsocialresearcheronculturalbehaviors.References:BUnderstandingTextAA.GlobalUnderstandingReadthetextandanswerthequestions:3.Intermsofthecopingmechanismstodealwithanxiety,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedintheessay?A.Rules.

B.Religion. C.Technology.

D.Decisionmaking.References:DUnderstandingTextAA.GlobalUnderstandingReadthetextandanswerthequestions:4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutHofstede’sculturaldimensionsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Inequalitydoesnotexistinlowpowerdistancecultures,whileitisconsideredasthebasisofsocietalorderinhighpowerdistancecultures.B.Culturesthathaveahighlevelofuncertaintyavoidancearemorerelaxedabouttheuncertaintyofthefuture.C.Familyandcommunitiesarealsoimportantinindividualisticcultures,thoughtheystronglyvaluetheindividualandmakingpersonalchoices.D.Inastrictsense,thereisnodistinctdifferencebetweenmasculinityandfemininitywiththeexceptionofchildbearingandchildbegetting.References:CUnderstandingTextAA.GlobalUnderstandingReadthetextandanswerthequestions:5.WhatCANNOTbeinferredfromtheessay?A.Rulesandlawshouldbeabidedbybecausetheyarethemeanstocontroltheuncertaintyofthefuture.B.TheculturaldimensionsidentifiedbyHofstedeandothershaveaneffectonhowpeopleinteractinterculturally.C.Regardingtherelationshipbetweenprofessorandstudent,inequalityisconsiderednecessaryeveninalowpowerdistanceculture.D.Insocietiesthatstronglyvaluetheindividual,fewpeoplehaveasenseofshameevenwheninvolvedintobankruptcy,sexualissuesandaddictions.References:DUnderstandingTextAA.GlobalUnderstandingReadthetextandanswerthequestions:6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsoftheessay?A.ThetwodimensionsidentifiedbyHofstedeareafurtherdevelopmentofhisresearchonculturalbehaviors.B.Short-termorientatedculturesfocusmoreonthevirtuesofperseverance,thriftandfulfillingsocialobligations.C.ThefinaldimensionwasdevelopedonthebasisofaChinesescholararoundthemesofhappiness.D.Anindulgentsocietywilltendtovalueindividualhappinessandwell-being,whilehappiness,freedomandleisuretimearenotgiventhesameimportanceinarestrainedsociety.References:DB.Understandinginterculturalpoints1.Itisimportanttobearinmindthatthesedimensionsaregeneralizationsonlyandmaynotbeapplicabletoeveryonefromaparticularculture.However,learningaboutthetypicalwaysapersonfromaparticularsocietymightbehavecanbehelpfulinprovidingpotentialexplanationsofculturalmisunderstanding.(Para.1)Interculturaltips:PeopletendtomisunderstandormisuseHofstede’sresearch,claimingthatHofstede’scountryscorescanhelppeoplethoroughlyunderstandthosecountries,buthisdimensionscanonlyhelppeopleunderstandtheculturaldifferencesamongdifferentcountries.UnderstandingTextAB.Understandinginterculturalpoints2.Thisisthewaypeopleinsocietyrelatetoeachotheronahierarchicalscale.Aculturethatgivesgreatdeferencetoapersonofauthorityisahighpowerdistanceculture,andaculturethatvaluestheequaltreatmentofeveryoneisalowpowerdistanceculture…(Para.2)Interculturaltips:Thisdimensiondisplayshowaculturehandlesinequality,particularlyinrelationtopower.Inhighpowerdistancecultures,inequalityandhierarchalstatusesareawayoflife.Lowpowerdistanceculturesmoveintheotherdirection;theyplaceahighvalueontheequaldistributionofsocietalpower.Ifonlyafewmaintainallthepowerandwealth,it’sviewedasunfair.UnderstandingTextAB.Understandinginterculturalpoints3.Thisdimensionreflectsthedegreetowhichacultureembracestheuncertaintyofthefuture.(Para.3)Interculturaltips:Itisnaturalforpeopletoavoiduncertainsituations,soourculturalperceptionsandexpectationswouldseektoavoidthesesituations.Anysituationthatdoesnotfitwithinone’sperceptionofwhatisnormalwillcreateadegreeofuncertainty.ABritishpersonmayfeeluncomfortablesingingkaraokeinfrontofahundredteachersataparty,asaJapanesehighschoolstudentmightfinditequallyuncomfortableaskinghis/herteacheraquestioninfrontofthewholeclass.UnderstandingTextAB.Understandinginterculturalpoints4.Thisdimensionidentifiesthewaysinwhichpeopleofasocietyrelatetoeachother,inlivingarrangements,devisionmakingprocessesandvalues…(Para.4)Interculturaltips:Thisdimensionfocusesontheunificationofculture.Inindividualisticcultures,thepopulationislesstightly-knit,andthereisan“everymanforhimself”mentality.Peopleareexpectedtotakecareofthemselvesandtheirimmediatefamilyfirst.Incollectivistcultures,importanceisplacedontheconceptof“we”insteadof“I”,withcloselyconnectedgroupswithinthatpopulationworkingtogether.Benefitsforthegroupasawholeisthemainfocus,whilebenefitsfortheselfstemfromthegroupmentality.UnderstandingTextAB.Understandinginterculturalpoints5.Thisdimensionlooksattheextendtowhichaculturesupportsatraditionalviewofmasculineandfemininetraits…(Para.5)Interculturaltips:Inthisdimension,acultureismeasuredonascaleofmasculinityvs.femininity,whichrepresentsaculture’spreferencesforachievement,competition,andmaterialismvs.preferencesforteamwork,harmony,andempathy.Thisdimensionfocusesonwhetheraculturemeasurespersonalachievementthroughcompetitivesuccessandtheneedtobethebest,orthroughcaringforothersandfindingvalueinpersonalqualityoflife,doingwhatmakesonehappiest.UnderstandingTextAB.Understandinginterculturalpoints6.Hofstedeoffersthisdefinition:"LongTermOrientationstandsforthefosteringofvirtuesorientedtowardsfuturerewards,…ItsoppositepoleShortTermOrientation,standsforthefosteringofvirtues…”(Para.6)Interculturaltips:Long-termorientatedcultureswillplanforthefuture,whileshort-termorientatedculturesarelikelytofocusonshort-termgainsinlife.Ina

business

sense,long-termvs.short-termorientationcanalsoplayintohowbusinessmeasuressucceed.Short-termorientationputsanimportanceonsuccessonaquarterlybasis,withquickresultsbeingrewarded.Inlong-termcultures,businessisaboutpatienceandplayingthelonggame,thatis,short-termgainsleadingtolong-termlossesmaywellbeavoided.UnderstandingTextAC.ComprehensionandlanguagepointsItisimportanttobearinmindthatthesedimensionsaregeneralizationsonlyandmaynotbeapplicabletoeveryonefromaparticularculture.

However,learningaboutthecommonwaysapersonfromaparticularsocietymightbehavecanbehelpfulinprovidingpotentialexplanationsofculturalmisunderstandings.Understandingtheculturaldimensionmaynothelpyoulearnaboutanyparticularpersonfromaspecificculture,itcan,however,helpyoutobetterexplainanymisunderstandingsmighthappenduringanyinterculturalinteractions.UnderstandingTextAC.ComprehensionandlanguagepointsSinceuncertaintycancreateanxiety;allsocietieshavefoundcopingmechanismstodealwiththatanxiety.Thesecopingmechanismstendtofallintothreecategories:technology,law,andreligion.Notknowinghowthingsshouldworkmakespeopleanxious.Tocopewiththatanxiety,peoplereplyontechnology,lawandreligiontofigureouthowtoliveinasociety.UnderstandingTextAEnhancingGlocalMindsetEnhancingGlocalMindsetCulturalDimensionsandBehaviors-Lowvs.highpowerdistanceEnhancingGlocalMindsetCulturalDimensionsandBehaviors-Lowvs.highpowerdistanceEnhancingGlocalMindsetCulturalDimensionsandBehaviors-Lowvs.highuncertaintyavoidanceEnhancingGlocalMindsetCulturalDimensionsandBehaviors-Lowvs.highuncertaintyavoidanceEnhancingGlocalMindsetCulturalDimensionsandBehaviors-Individualismvs.collectivismEnhancingGlocalMindsetCulturalDimensionsandBehaviors-Individualismvs.collectivismEnhancingGlocalMindsetCulturalDimensionsandBehaviors-Masculinityvs.femininityEnhancingGlocalMindsetCulturalDimensionsandBehaviors-Masculinityvs.femininityEnhancingGlocalMindsetHigh-contextCultureandLow-contextCultureTask1Completethefollowingtaskswiththeappropriateanswers.PleasenotethatyouwillfindthereferenceinTextAabovewiththeexceptionofthefirstquestion,whichisanopenendedquestion.

Itisstatedthatpeopleinacollectivisticculturevaluecertificatesovercompetence.Towhatextentdoyouagree?Giveanexampletosupportyouranswer!EnhancingGlocalMindsetHigh-contextCultureandLow-contextCultureTask12.(True,False,orNotGiven)Subordinatesinalowerpowerdistancecultureliketoconsultwiththeirmanagerswhenmakingadecision.References:TrueEnhancingGlocalMindsetHigh-contextCultureandLow-contextCultureTask1(continued)3.Iftheteacherteachestheclassinanunstructuredway,andthestudentsfeeluncomfortableaboutit,willyousayit’smorelikelytohappeninaloworahighuncertaintyavoidanceculture?References:It’smorelikelytohappeninahighuncertaintyavoidanceculture.EnhancingGlocalMindsetHigh-contextCultureandLow-contextCultureTask1(continued)4.Studentsinalowuncertaintyavoidanceculturearerewardedfor_______approachestoproblem-solving,whilestudentsinahighuncertaintyavoidanceculturearerewardedfor_______inproblem-solving.References:innovative;accuracyEnhancingGlocalMindsetHigh-contextCultureandLow-contextCultureTask1(continued)5.Ina_________culture,therolesoffatherandmotherastowhoshouldbedealingwithfactsorfeelingsisclearlydefined.References:masculinityEnhancingGlocalMindsetHigh-contextCultureandLow-contextCultureTask2Analyzelead-inscenariowiththehelpoffourculturaldimensions.Li’sstoryisagoodrepresentationofhowcultureshapesandreshapesthewaywethinkanddothings.FromtheperspectiveofChineseteacherandstudents:Studentsexpecttheteachertoinitiatecommunication,sostudentsonlyspeakupwhencalledupon.EnhancingGlocalMindsetHigh-contextCultureandLow-contextCultureTask2Analyzelead-inscenariowiththehelpoffourculturaldimensions.Li’sstoryisagoodrepresentationofhowcultureshapesandreshapesthewaywethinkanddothings.Theteacherisexpectedtohavealltheanswers,soeffectivenessoflearningrelatedtoexcellenceoftheteacher.Soin-classdiscussionisnotanecessity.Theteacherisnevercontradictednorpubliclychallengedandintellectualdisagreementisregardedaspersonaldisloyaltyandface-losing.Students’requestofchangingthefinalscoreisshamefulanddiscouragedbecauseeasilychangingthefinalscorewillweakentheauthorityoftheteacherEnhancingGlocalMindsetHigh-contextCultureandLow-contextCultureTask2Analyzelead-inscenariowiththehelpoffourculturaldimensions.Li’sstoryisagoodrepresentationofhowcultureshapesandreshapesthewaywethinkanddothings.FromtheperspectiveofanAmericanteacherandstudents:Theteacherexpectsstudentstoinitiatethecommunication,sostudentsspeakupwhenhavingquestions.EnhancingGlocalMindsetHigh-contextCultureandLow-contextCultureTask2Analyzelead-inscenariowiththehelpoffourculturaldimensions.Li’sstoryisagoodrepresentationofhowcultureshapesandreshapesthewaywethinkanddothings.Effectivenessoflearningrelatedtoamountoftwo-waycommunicationinclass.Soin-classdiscussionishighlyvalued.Studentsareallowedtocontradictorchallengetheteacherandintellectualdisagreementisregardedasastimulatingexercise.Student’srequestofchangingthefinalscoreisacceptablebecausethisisseenasagoodopportunityforstudentstoexpresstheirviewsandpromotelearning.Theteacherpreferstouseaccumulativeevaluationratherthanoneexamtodefinehowwellastudenthaslearnedinacourse.AssignmentAssignmentAfterclasspleasereadTextAagain,andfinishtheexercisesinthispart.Reviewtheinterculturaltipsandlanguagepointswehavelearnedinclass.CONTENTS1InterculturalPuzzle234Comprehending&AcademicWritingFollow-upProjectPeriod2UnderstandingCulturalDiversityInterculturalPuzzleInterculturalPuzzleInterculturalCompetencyorManagerialCompetencyUnderstandtheculturalvaluesbehindeachperson’sbehavior.InterculturalPuzzleInterculturalCompetencyorManagerialCompetencyUnderstandtheculturalvaluesbehindeachperson’sbehavior.InterculturalPuzzleB.Analyzetheissueinthecase1.Whataretheproblemstopmanagersarefacingnowatthemultinationalcompanies?References:Inthisglobalizedsociety,topmanagersareboundtomeetwithmanyintercultural-relatedissuesintheglobalworkplaces,suchasthemanagementofemployeesandcommunicationwithpeoplefromdifferentcountries.InterculturalCompetencyorManagerialCompetencyInterculturalPuzzleReferences:Inthiscasestudy,thefirstchallengetheCEOisfacingishowtounderstandeachdirector’scommunicationstyle,andthenextchallengeishowtodeveloptheCEO’sinterculturalcommunicationcompetence.Otherwise,misunderstandingwouldbecomebarriersandbusiness,includingmeetingofthemanagementteam,cannotbeconductedeffectively.Duetoculturaldifferences,conflictsareunavoidableintheworkplace.Soitrequirestopmanagerstodevelopinterculturalcompetencetohandleconflictsandresolvethemeffectively.Interculturalcompetenceisabasicandessentialskillforanymultinationalcompanytobesuccessful.InterculturalPuzzleB.Analyzetheissueinthecase2.Whatcompetenciesdoyouthinkwouldbebasicandessentialforglobalmanagers?Why?References:CosmopolitanoutlookInterculturalcommunicationskillsCulturalsensitivityRapidacculturationskillsFlexiblemanagementstyleCulturalsynergyInterculturalCompetencyorManagerialCompetencyComprehending&AcademicWritingComprehending&AcademicWritingA.ComprehendingandReflectingReferenceanswersforTextB:ADBBAADCComprehending&CheckingConceptsB.PracticingAcademicWritingComprehending&CheckingConceptsB.PracticingAcademicWritingUnderstandingCulturalDiversityUnderstandingCulturalDiversityLearntoReadandUsetheTables1.IDVindexscores:Ahigherscoremeansthecountry/regionisinherentlymoreofanindividualismcultureandexhibitsindividualisticvaluesandbehaviors:weakinterpersonalconnectionamongthosewhoarenotpartofacore“family”.Alowerscoremeansthecountry/regionismoreofacollectivismculturewherepeoplearesupposedtobeloyaltothegrouptowhichtheybelong,and,inexchange,thegroupwilldefendtheirinterests.UnderstandingCulturalDiversityLearntoReadandUsetheTables2.PDIindexscores:Ahigherscoremeansthecountry/regionisahighpowerdistanceculture.AhighPDIscoreindicatesthatthecountry/regionacceptsanunequal,hierarchicaldistributionofpower,andthatpeopleunderstand“theirplaces”inthesystem.Alowerscoremeansthecountry/regionisalowpowerdistanceculture.AlowPDIscoremeansthatpowerissharedandiswidelydispersed,andthatsocietymembersdonotacceptsituationswherepowerisdistributedunequally.UnderstandingCulturalDiversityLearntoReadandUsetheTables3.UAIindexscores:Ahigherscoremeansthecountry/regionisahighuncertaintyavoidanceculturewherepeopleattempttomakelifeaspredictableandcontrollableaspossible.InahighUAIculture,societymemberstrywhatevertheycanto