Python中的datetime包与time包包和模块详情

第Python中的datetime包与time包包和模块详情目录一、datetime包1.timedelta(params)得到一个时间增量对象2.timezone(timedelta)+timedelta(params)创建时区对象3.datetime模块datetime.strftime(fmt)datetime时间对象转字符串datetime.strptime(date_string,fmt)字符串转成datetime时间对象datetime.timestamp(datetime_obj)将datetime时间对象转换成秒级时间戳datetime.fromtimestamp(t)将秒级时间戳转换成datetime时间对象4.使用datetime对象+timedelta(params)进行时间运算二、time包1.time.time()得到当前秒级时间戳2.time.localtime(second)将秒转换成time时间对象3.time.strftime(fmt,time_obj)将time时间对象转换成字符串4.time.strptime(time_string,fmt)将字符串转换成time时间对象5.time.sleep(second)休眠second秒

一、datetime包

1.timedelta(params)得到一个时间增量对象

#coding:utf-8

fromdatetimeimporttimedelta

if__name__=='__main__':

#常用参数hours:小时days:天seconds:秒milliseconds:毫秒

delta=timedelta(hours=2)

print(delta)

#2:00:00

print(type(delta))

#class'datetime.timedelta'

2.timezone(timedelta)+timedelta(params)创建时区对象

#coding:utf-8

fromdatetimeimporttimedelta,timezone

if__name__=='__main__':

delta=timedelta(hours=2)

zone=timezone(delta)

#配合timedelta创建时区对象

print(zone)

#UTC+02:00

print(type(zone))

#class'datetime.timezone'

3.datetime模块

datetime.now(timezone)获取当前时间datetime对象

#coding:utf-8

fromdatetimeimporttimedelta,timezone,datetime

if__name__=='__main__':

'''

获取当前时间，可以获取指定时区的当前时间

datetime.now(timezone)

'''

now=datetime.now()

print(now)

#2025-02-2313:59:59.224286

print(type(now))

#class'datetime.datetime'

#设置指定时区的当前时间

print(datetime.now((timezone(timedelta(hours=9)))))

#2025-02-2314:59:59.224286+09:00

datetime.strftime(fmt)datetime时间对象转字符串

#coding:utf-8

fromdatetimeimportdatetime

if__name__=='__main__':

'''

datetime.strftime(fmt)

将时间对象转换成字符串

fmt:格式化标准，由格式符组成

常用格式符(年:%Y,月:%m,日:%D,时:%H,分:%M,秒:%S)

'''

now=datetime.now()

print(now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S'))

#2025-02-2314:04:24

datetime.strptime(date_string,fmt)字符串转成datetime时间对象

#coding:utf-8

fromdatetimeimportdatetime

if__name__=='__main__':

'''

datetime.strptime(date_string,fmt)

将字符串转换成时间对象，要求date_string的格式完全匹配fmt格式化标准

'''

time_obj=datetime.strptime('2025-2-22','%Y-%m-%d')

#datetime.strptime('2025-2-22','%Y-%m-%d%H')Errordate_string中不存在小时而fmt中要求有小时

print(datetime.strptime('2025-2-2214','%Y-%m-%d%H'))

#2025-02-2214:00:00

print(time_obj)

#2025-02-2200:00:00

print(type(time_obj))

#class'datetime.datetime'

datetime.timestamp(datetime_obj)将datetime时间对象转换成秒级时间戳

#coding:utf-8

fromdatetimeimportdatetime

if__name__=='__main__':

'''

datetime.timestamp(datetime_obj)

datetime_obj:datetime时间对象

返回float

'''

print(datetime.timestamp(datetime.now()))

#1645598565.715

datetime.fromtimestamp(t)将秒级时间戳转换成datetime时间对象

#coding:utf-8

fromdatetimeimportdatetime,timedelta,timezone

if__name__=='__main__':

'''

datetime.fromtimestamp(t)

t:秒级时间戳float类型

返回:datetime时间对象

'''

datetime_obj=datetime.fromtimestamp(1645598565.715)

print(datetime_obj)

#2025-02-2314:42:45.715000

print(type(datetime_obj))

#class'datetime.datetime'

4.使用datetime对象+timedelta(params)进行时间运算

#coding:utf-8

fromdatetimeimportdatetime,timedelta,timezone

if__name__=='__main__':

now=datetime.now()

fmt='%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S'

print(now.strftime(fmt))

#2025-02-2315:07:01

#3小时后时间

print((now+timedelta(hours=3)).strftime(fmt))

#2025-02-2318:07:01

#3小时前时间

print((now-timedelta(hours=3)).strftime(fmt))

#2025-02-2312:07:01

print((now+timedelta(hours=-3)).strftime(fmt))

#2025-02-2312:07:01

#建议timedelta的参数都使用正数(容易理解)

二、time包

1.time.time()得到当前秒级时间戳

#coding:utf-8

importtime

if__name__=='__main__':

print(time.time())

#1645667203.7236724

2.time.localtime(second)将秒转换成time时间对象

#coding:utf-8

importtime

if__name__=='__main__':

#second不填，则默认当前的时间戳

t=time.localtime(time.time())

t2=time.localtime()

print(t)

#time.struct_time(tm_year=2025,tm_mon=2,tm_mday=24,tm_hour=10,tm_min=10,tm_sec=8,tm_wday=3,tm_yday=55,tm_isdst=0)

print(t2)

#time.struct_time(tm_year=2025,tm_mon=2,tm_mday=24,tm_hour=10,tm_min=10,tm_sec=8,tm_wday=3,tm_yday=55,tm_isdst=0)

print(type(t))

#class'time.struct_time'

print(type(t2))

#class'time.struct_time'

3.time.strftime(fmt,time_obj)将time时间对象转换成字符串

#coding:utf-8

importtime

if__name__=='__main__':

"""

time.strftime(fmt,time_obj)

fmt:格式化标准参考datetime.strftime(fmt)

time_obj:time时间对象，不填默认是当前日期的time时间对象

"""

t=time.localtime(time.time()+3600)

print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S'))

#2025-02-2410:16:17

print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S',t))

#2025-02-2411:16:17

4.time.strptime(time_string,fmt)将字符串转换成time时间对象

#coding:utf-8

importtime

if__name__=='__main__':

"""

time.strptime(time_string,fmt)

参考datetime.strptime(date_string,fmt)

time_string:时间字符串

fmt:格式化标准

"""

fmt='%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S'

t=time.strftime(fmt,time.localtime())

print(t)

#2025-02-2410:25:17

print(time.strptime(t,fmt))

#time.struct_time(tm_year=2025,tm_mon=2,tm_md