新课改瘦专用2024高考英语大一轮复习Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars课下作业一-三含解析新人教版必修3

PAGEPAGE10Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars课下作业（一~三）课下作业（一）考点过关针对练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Accustomedtotheclimate(气候)inthecountryside,theoldcoupleprefernottomovetothecity.2．Theycompletelyignoredtheseproblemsasiftheyneverexisted(存在)．3．Wearesofarfromtheearththatwecan'tfeelitspull(牵引力)．4．Hewasquitepuzzled(困惑的)aboutwhattodonext,soheturnedtohisfatherforhelp.5．Theoldscientisttoldhisstudentsthatscientifictheories(理论)mustbebasedonfacts.6．Hefoundsomethingfloating(漂移)onthelake,whichfrightenedhim.7．Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(碰撞)intothebackofabus.8．Icouldfeelthewindgently(温柔地)blowingthroughmyhairanditwasawarmsummerbreeze.9．Newtonwasoneofthegreatestphysicists(物理学家)intheworldandmanypeopleadmirehimverymuch.10．Unlike(与……不同)mostpeopleintheofficewhocometoworkbycar,Iusuallycometoworkbybus.Ⅱ.语境语法填空1．The❶existence(exist)ofterrorismletstheworldnotbestable.Terrorists'activities,manyofwhicharelinkedto❷religious(religion)extremism(极端主义),haveresultedinaglobaldisaster.Theynotonlybringthreattothesafetyofhumans,buthavea❸harmful(harm)effectoneconomicgrowth.Manypeopleareforcedtofleetheirhomesbecauseofgrowingfearsof❹violence(violent)．Allgovernmentsarepayinggreatattentiontothisissue,buttostopterrorismisindeedasystematicproject,whichrequireseffort,wisdomandcooperation.2．Aconflict❶broke(break)outwhenthevillagerstriedtopreventthefactory❷fromsendingwastewaterintotheirfields.Thevillagershadbeenwatchingout❸forthewastewaterforsometime.Theyfounditwasveryharmful❹totheirhealthaswellastheircrops.Officialscamejustintime❺to_stop(stop)thesituationgettingworse.3．Thedevelopmentofsciencemakesitpossibleforus❶to_visit(visit)themoon.Butyouwillfind❷itdifficulttostaythere.Theearthis49times❸thesizeofthemoon.Asaresult,thegravityoftheearthisaboutsixtimesasgreatas❹thatofthemoon.Whenwegetclosertothemoon,wewillfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitisnotasstrong❺apullastheearth's.Ⅲ.依据提示补全句子1．自不待言，正是团队合作才使得他们去想去的地方成为可能。(makeit＋adj.＋forsb.todo)Obviously,itistheteamworkthat_makes_it_possible_for_them_to_goanywheretheywantto.2．既然我们谁也不知道她的电话号码，只有派人去把消息告知她了。(nowthat)Now_that_none_of_us_knows_her_telephone_number,_wewillhavetosendsomeonetodeliverthemessage.3．李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法)LiMing'smobilephonelookedjustthesameasZhangHua's,butitcosttwice_as_much_ashis.4．这些游客们回到宾馆，又累又困。(形容词短语作状语)Thesetravelersreturnedtothehotel,tired_and_sleepy.5．当这个教授出现时，全部的学生欢呼起来。(cheer)Whentheprofessorturnedup,all_the_students_cheered_up.6．我的父母一每天的变老，该轮到我起先照看他们的时候了。(turn)Myparentsaregettingolderandolder,soit_is_my_turn_to_startlookingafterthem.Ⅳ.语境辨义依据语境选出动词multiply的词义eq\x(A乘；乘以B快速增加C繁殖；增殖)1．Itispossibletomultiplythesebacteriainthelaboratory.__C__2．Inmathsclassthechildrenarealreadylearningtomultiplyanddivide.__A__3．Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.__B__课下作业（二）话题阅读培优练Ⅰ.依据提示填空Withthedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,wehave❶made_it_possible_to_explore_space(使探究太空成为可能)．Whileanincreasingnumberofcitizensclaimthatthiskindoflaunchis❷a_waste_of_time_and_money(奢侈时间和金钱)becausetheyholdtheviewthatitcannotbringanybenefitsforthem.However,❸I_hold_the_different_opinions(我持不同的看法)．❹There_is_no_doubt_that(毫无疑问)spaceexplorationwillspendmuchmoney.However,❺in_the_long_run(从长远看),itisalonginvestmentandwillbe❻beneficial(benefit)tousinthefuture.Tobeginwith,space❼exploration(explore)willbringbenefitsforustosearchfornaturalresource.Thatistosay,otherplanetsmayberichin❽various(variety)resourcesthatareingreatshortageontheearth.ItisreportedthatMars❾contains(contain)agreatdealofnaturalgasandiron.Moreover,engineershavealsonoticedthattheseresourcesontheplanetareabletoexploreandcan❿be_used(use)intheearthiftheycouldsolvetheproblemoftransportation.Ⅱ.片段选词填空produce，planet，nutritious，reach，enjoyone'slife，development，treasure，fresh，cometrue，preventMarsisoneoftheeightmajor❶planetsofthesolarsystem.ThereisnoliquidwateronMars.Withthincarbondioxideanddustintheatmosphereitiscoldanddryallyearround.Inwinterthecoldtemperaturecan❷reachminus130degreescentigradewhileinsummertimeitcanriseto27degreesCelsius.Withtherapid❸developmentofscienceandtechnology,theMarswillchangealotinmanywaysinthefuture.Bighousesaremadebyspecialmaterialwhichcould❹preventtheradiationofthesun.Moreover,fruitsandvegetablesonMarsaremore❺nutritiousthanthoseontheearth.Also,newenergiesonMarsdonot❻producecarbondioxide,orcreategreenhouseeffect.WewillfindtheMarshaven'tbeenpolluted.Airandwaterbecomestidierand❼fresherthanourearth.Ontheonehand,wecanstudyinthespaceshipandworkbycomputerathomeinsteadofgoingtoworkregularly.Ontheotherhand,itisveryeasyforustovisitotherstarsbyspaceship.Ihopeallthesecan❽come_true.Butfirst,wemust❾treasureandprotectMarsandavoiditbecominganotherpollutedearth.Ifallofustryourbesttodoit,wewill❿enjoy_our_life.课下作业（三）高考语篇提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2024·南昌市二模)Astronomers(天文学家)saytheyareonthepointoffindingplanetslikeEarthorbitingotherstars,whichisakeystepindeterminingifwearealoneintheuniverse.AtopNASAofficialandotherleadingscientistssaythatwithinfourorfiveyearstheyshoulddiscoverthefirstEarth­likeplanetwherelifecoulddevelop,ormayhavealready.AplanetclosetothesizeofEarthcouldevenbefoundsometimethisyear.AttheannualAmericanAstronomicalSocietyconferencethisweek,eachdiscoveryinvolvingso­called“exoplanets”—thoseoutsideoursolarsystem—pointedtothesameconclusion:QuietplanetslikeEarthwherelifecoulddevelopprobablyareplentiful.NASA'snewKeplertelescopeandalotofnewresearchfromthesuddenlyhotandcompetitiveexoplanetfieldcausednoticeablebuzzatthemeeting.Scientistsaretalkingaboutbeingat“anincrediblespecialplaceinhistory”andclosertoansweringaquestionthathasdoggedhumanitysincethebeginningofcivilization.“Arewealone?Forthefirsttime,there'sanoptimismthatsometimeinourlifetimeswe'regoingtoget_to_the_bottom_ofthat，”saidSimonWorden,anastronomerwhoheadsNASA'sAmesResearchCenter.“IfIwereabettingman,whichIam,Iwouldbetwe'renotalone.”“Thesearebigquestionsthatreflectuponthemeaningofthehumanraceintheuniverse，”thedirectoroftheVaticanObservatory,theRev.JoseFunes,saidonWednesdayinaninterviewatthisweek'sconference.WordentoldTheAssociatedPress:“Iwouldcertainlyexpectinthenextfourorfiveyearswe'dhaveanEarthsizedplanetinthehabitable(可居住的)zone.”语篇解读：天文学家说，他们即将在其他恒星四周找到类似地球的行星，在那里生命可以形成，或者可能已经形成。到那时候就可以回答人类在宇宙中是否孤寂这一问题了。1．Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswecanlearn________.A．astronomershavefoundplanetslikeEarthorbitingotherstarsB．findingotherstarsisakeystepindeterminingifwearealoneC．it'spossiblethataplanetlikeEarthwillbefoundthisyearD．scientistssaythatlifehasdevelopedonthefirstEarth­likeplanet解析：选C细微环节理解题。依据其次段最终一句“AplanetclosetothesizeofEarthcouldevenbefoundsometimethisyear.”一颗类似地球的行星可能在今年的某个时候被发觉。故答案为C。2．Accordingtothepassageanexoplanetisaplanet________.A．likeEarth B．outsideoursolarsystemC．orbitingthesun D．wherelifehasdeveloped解析：选B细微环节理解题。依据第三段“‘exoplanets’—thoseoutsideoursolarsystem”可得出答案。3．Theunderlinedwords“gettothebottomof”inParagraph4probablymean“________”.A．understandfully B．makefulluseofC．searchfor D．domoreresearchon解析：选A词义揣测题。西蒙这句话的意思是：我们第一次有了乐观的看法，在我们的有生之年，我们将能弄清这个问题的真相。gettothebottomof“弄清真相，彻底弄明白”。4．Fromthepassagewecanlearn________.A．anEarth­likeplanethasbeenfoundB．it'sbeenprovedwearenotaloneintheuniverseC．JoseFuneshasfoundthemeaningofthehumanraceintheuniverseD．thediscoveryofanEarth­likeplanetcouldhappeninthenearfuture解析：选D推理推断题。通读全文可知，天文学家们认为在不久的将来，他们将在其他恒星四周找到类似地球的行星，证明人类在宇宙中并不孤寂。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2024·南昌市一模)WhileyourteenmaygetbyOKbywaitinguntilthelastpossiblesecondtocompletehishighschoolscienceexperimentorhismathproject,procrastination(拖延症)canbeabigproblemlaterinlife.Yourteen'sfuturebossorcollegeprofessorsaren'tlikelytoacceptlatework—ortheexcusesthataccompanydelayedprojects.__1__Thatmeansmanaginghistimewiselywithoutrequiringconstantremindersorassistancefromyoutogethisworkdone.Herearesomestepsyoucantaketoteachyourteenessentialtimemanagementskills：__2__Ifyou'realwaysrunninglateoryoumissalotofdeadlines,yourteenwillfollowsuit.Practicemanagingyourowntimewiselyandshowyourteenthatyoucanaccomplishthemostimportanttasksinanygivenday.Encourageyourteentowritedownhisschedule.Yourteen'stimemayeasilygettakenupwithvideogamesorsocialmediaifhe'snotcareful.Teachhimtoschedulehisdaysohecansetasidetimeforchores,homework,andotherresponsibilities.__3__Then,timedoesn'tidlypasswithoutfeelinglikehehasn'tdoneanythingfun.Helpyourteenprioritize(划分优先依次)activities.__4__Abasketballgameandbirthdaypartymaycoincide.Talktoyourteenabouthowtoprioritizeactivities,basedonhisvaluesandcommitments.Avoidnagging(唠叨)．Itcanbeannoyingtonagyourteenorofferrepeatreminders.__5__Setrulesaboutyourexpectationsandfollowthroughwithconsequenceswhennecessary.Then,yourteenwilllearntomanagehistimebetterinthefuture.A．Modelgoodtimemanagementhabits.B．Encouragehimtoschedulefreetimeaswell.C．Encourageyourteentoestablishhealthyhabits.D．It'scommonforteenstohaveconflictsintheirschedules.E．It'simportanttoteachyourteenhowtobehaveresponsibly.F．Asaresult,manyofthemhavetolearnhowtomanagetheirtimerepeatedly.G．Andtellingyourteentodohisworkoverandoveragainreduceshisresponsibility.eq\x(语篇解读：本文主要介绍了如何让青少年避开拖延症，更好管理时间的方法和策略。)1．选E依据空前的“Yourteen'sfuturebossorcollegeprofessorsaren'tlikelytoacceptlatework”可推知，让青少年学会有责任感，不拖延是特别重要的，与下文“Herearesomestepsyoucantaketoteachyourteenessentialtimemanagementskills”呼应，故选E项。2．选A依据空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句，并结合本段内容可知，本段主要讲的是人们要为青少年树立好的时间管理习惯典范，空后的“followsuit”亦是提示，故选A项。3．选B空处上文讲的是激励青少年写下他的支配，空处下文是说这样时间不会无聊地消逝，故B项“激励他也支配一下空闲时间”，与上下文连接紧密。故选B项。4．选D依据空后的“Abasketballgameandbirthdaypartymaycoincide.”可推知，青少年的日程支配上常常有冲突是很正常的现象，故选D项。5．选G依据本段主题句“Avoidnagging(唠叨)”及空前的“Itcanbeannoyingtonagyourteenorofferrepeatreminders”可推知，不停地给青少年唠叨他应当做的事情会降低他的责任感，对事情的完成起到相反的作用，因此应当规避，这与选项G的内容呼应，故选G项。Ⅲ.语法填空(2024·贵阳适应性考试一)Franklin'slifeisfullofcharmingstorieswhichallyoungmenshouldknow—__1__hesoldbooksinBoston,andbecametheguestofkingsinEurope;howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin,onlytoquitbecause,ashesaid,hewasnosoldier,andyethelpedtoorganizethearmythatstoodbeforethetrainedtroopsofEnglandandGermany.ThispoorBostonboy,withoutaday'sschooling,__2__(become)amasterofsixlanguagesandneverstopped__3__(study);thisneglectedapprentice(学徒)conqueredlightning,madehisnamefamous,__4__(receive)degreesanddiplomasfrommanycolleges,andbecameforeverrememberedasthe“DoctorFranklin”，aphilosopher,scientistand__5__(politics)leader.Self­made，self­taught，thecandlemaker'ssongavelight__6__alltheworld;thestreetbooksellersetallmensingingofliberty;theapprenticebecamethemostsought­aftermanacrosstheworld,andbroughthisnativelandtopraiseandhonorhim.HebuiltAmerica,forwhatthenationistodayislargelyduetothemanagement,theforethought,thewisdom,andthe__7__(able)ofBenjaminFranklin.Hebelongstotheworld,but__8__(especial)hebelongstoAmerica.Peoplearoundtheworldhonoredhimwhilehewasliving;heisstillregarded__9__theloftiest(崇高的)manbythecommonpeopletodayafterhisdeath.Andhewillliveinpeople's__10__(heart)forever.eq\x(语篇解读：本文主要讲解并描述了美国名人本杰明·富兰克林的传奇故事。)1．how考查副词。此处与下文中的“howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin”呼应，此处表示事情进行的方式，故用副词how。2．became考查动词时态。依据下文的andneverstopped可知，此处是并列结构，故用一般过去时。3．studying考查动名词。stopdoingsth.意为“停止做某事”，故用动名词作宾语。4．received考查动词时态。依据语境可知，此处和conquered,made,became是并列关系，故用一般过去时。5．political考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，故用形容词political修饰名词leader，在句子中作定语。6．to考查介词。givesth.to...意为“给……某物”，故用介词to。7．ability考查名词。依据冠词the和介词of以及上文的management,forethought和wisdom可知，此处用名词ability表示抽象概念。8．especially考查副词。空处修饰整个句子，所以应用especial的副词形式，在句子中作状语。故填especially。9．as考查介词。regard...as...意为“把……看作……”，为固定搭配，故用介词as。10．hearts考查名词复数。heart作“心，内心”时为可数名词，依据空前的people's可知，此处表示复数概念，故用复数名词hearts。Ⅳ.读后续写阅读下面短文，依据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Iwas28yearsold,theagewhenmostyoungpeoplehavetheireyesfirmlyfixedonthepromiseofsuccessbutIwasafailure.Sixyearsearlier,freshfromcollege,Ihadjoinedadramaticproducingcompany,andhadbeengoingintosmalltownsandruralcommunitiesproducingcountry­stylemusicalcomedies.But,inthesummerof1940,thecountrywasinadepression,radiohadchangedpeople'stastes,andpart­timeshowsweren'tallthatbiganymore.So,joblessandwithnothingelseinsight,Iwentbackhome.LaterIgotajobasarecreation­roomdirectorinmyhometown.ItpaidD|S50amonth,forwhichIwasgrateful,butitsurewasadulljob.Ifeltsofrustratedwithmyplantobeadramaticstar.RestlessanddissatisfiedthoughIwas,itwasnice,inaway,tobebackhome.Itriedtoteachsomeofmytown'schildrenmusicanddrama.AndwhenIgotachance,I'dtrymyluckasaperformermyself.I'ddressupasacountry_girlandtelllittlestoriesandjokesthatI'dpickedupduringmyyearslivingaroundcountryfolk.Igavethiscountrygirlaname—Minnie_Pearl.OneOctoberafternoonIwasintherecreationroom,waitingforthechildrenwhenabankerfriend,Jim_Walker,_cameinandsaid,“We'regoingtohaveabankers'meetinghere.Iunderstandyou'vebeenteachingsomechildrendramaticsanddancingandsinging.Wouldyouletthechildrenentertainthebankers？”Isaid,yes.Suddenly,heturnedandadded，“Oh,bytheway,thespeakerfromChicagoisflyinghere.Ifhe'slate,wouldyouminddoingthatMinniePearlthing？”ItoldJimI'ddoit.Thatnightthechildrensanganddancedtoold­time,popularsongswhenIwasbackstage.Afterwefinishedtheperformance,_Jimcametome.“Thespeaker'snothereyet.You'llhavetohelpus.”“Allright，”Itoldhim,“justgivemeam