2025铝合金焊缝 超声波检测

铝合金焊缝UltrasonicTestingWeldsofAluminum目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u15448铝合金焊缝 1236191. 3122202.适用范围/Applicable 382773.引用标准/Normative 3162404. 4147515.检测人员/Personnel 415326. 5276056.1仪器 598396.2探头 529157. 7211688. 8156139.检测面/Detection 8548010.仪器的调整/Instrument 93235610.1测量探头前沿/Measuringprobeleading 9106010.3K值/MeasuringprobeK 101087410.4时基线调节/Timebaseline 102550511.检测技术/Detection 113146211.1检测技术等级/Inspectiontechnology 112236711.2母材检测/Basemetal 122349911.3扫查面/Scanning 121611311.4探头扫查方式/Probescanning 141905212.缺欠的定量/Deficiency 141398813.质量分级、Quality 163217414.不合格部位的处理/Disposalofnonconforming 18778815.检测记录及报告/Testrecordsand 182043115.1 182489515.2报告 18司MOSS项目铝合金焊缝超声波检测的相关技术要求。本程序规定了铝和铝合金材料熔化焊焊接接头的超声波检测方法，检测技术和验收标准。/ThisprocedureisestablishedandimplementedbyJiangsuScienceTestTechnologyServiceCo.,Ltd.tocontroltherelevanttechnicalrequirementsforultrasonictestingofaluminumalloyweldsinMOSSprojectofShanghaiBluesoulEnvironmentalTech.Co.,Ltd.Thisprocedurespecifiestheultrasonictestingmethod,testingtechnologyandacceptancestandardforfusionweldedjointsofaluminumandaluminumalloy适用范围/Applicable8~40mm的铝合金角接接头A/ThisprocedureisapplicabletoA-typepulsereflectionmanualultrasonictestingtechnologyforaluminumalloycornerjointwithbasemetalthicknessof8~40mm.引用标准/Normative《LR20227月版/LRRulesfortheManufactureTestingandCertificationofMaterialsJuly2022NB/T47013.3-2015承压设备无损检测第3部分：超声检测/Nondestructivetestingofpressureequipment-Part3:Ultrasonictesting超声探伤用探头性能测试方法/JB/T10062-1999Testingmethodsforperformanceofprobesusedinultrasonicflawdetection3.4无损检测A型脉冲反射式超声检测系统工作性能测试方法/JB/T9214-2010Non-destructivetesting-TestmethodsforevaluatingperformancecharacteristicsofA-scanpulse-echoultrasonictestingsystemsISO17640-2018/Non-destructivetestingofwelds-Ultrasonictesting-Techniques,testinglevels,andassessmentISO11666-2018Non-destructivetestingofwelds-焊接接头超声波检测一般在焊接完成后进行，需要热处理的焊缝应在热处理完成后进行。/Ultrasonictestingofweldedjointsisgenerallycarriedoutafterweldingandweldsrequiringheattreatmentshallbecarriedoutafterheattreatment./ForproductsclassifiedasLloyd'sRegisterGroup,theultrasonictestingtimeshallmeetthe检测人员/Personnel从事焊缝检测人员应掌握焊缝超声检测通用知识，具有足够的焊缝超声检测经验，并掌握一定的材料和焊接基础知识。/hepsonnlnggedinldinsptionshllmstrtheenrlknoldgeofultsonictstingoflds,hvesuiintxpineinultsonictstingoflds,ndmstrrtinbsicknoldgeofmtilsndlding.GB/T9445ISO9712/PersonnelengagedinweldtestingshallbequalifiedandcertifiedinaccordancewithGB/T9445orISO9712orthesystemagreedbyallpartiestothecontract,obtainqualificationcertificatesforrelevantindustrialsectorsofultrasonictesting,andengageintestingofcorrespondingassessment300mmJaeger1或同等字母。此外，操作员的色觉应能足以辨别无损检测方法中使用的颜色之间的对比度。视力测试应至少每年进行一次。/Theoperatorshallprovideevidenceofsatisfactoryvision.ThenearvisionacuityshallpermitreadingaminimumofJaegernumber1orequivalentlettersatnotlessthan300mmwithoneorbotheyes,eithercorrectedoruncorrected.InadditionthecolourvisionshallbesufficientthattheoperatorcandistinguishanddifferentiatecontrastbetweenthecoloursusedintheNDTmethod.Thedocumentedtestofvisualacuityshallbecarriedoutatleastannually.仪器使用A0.5~10MHZ，仪器应配备衰20dB误差在±1dB60dB误差在±2dB内。80dB12个月。/TypeAdisplaypulsereflectiondigitalflawdetectorshallbeused,anditsoperatingfrequencyrangeshallbeatleast0.5~10MHz.Theinstrumentshallbeequippedwithattenuatororgaincontroller,anditsaccuracyshallbewithin±1dBforanyadjacent20dBerroror±2dBforanyadjacent60dBerror.Thetotalregulationshallnotbelessthan80dB.Theinstitutionissuingtheinstrumentperformancetestreportshallhavethelegalqualification,andthevalidityofthereportshallnotexceed12months.探头2MHz~5MHz范围内。/Thedetectionfrequencyoftheprobeshallbewithin2MHz~5MHz.NB/T47013.3-2015B的要求。/Generallythediameterofcircularwafershallnotbegreaterthan40mm,andthelengthofeithersideofsquarewafershallnotbegreaterthan40mm.ItsperformanceindicatorsshallmeettherequirementsofAppendixBofNB/T47013.3-2015.1K值一K5MHz9×970（°2.5MHz13×1370°）2.5MHz9×960（°2.5MHz13×360°）的斜探头。/Ifspecialaluminumalloyprobeisselected,refertoTable1;Iftheconventionalangleprobeisused,theKvaluegenerallyreferstothenominalvalueinthesteel,whichshallbeconvertedintotheKvalueinthealuminumalloybeforereferringtothisprovision.Forexample,angleprobeswithspecificationsof5MHz9×970°(or2.5MHz13×1370°)and2.5MHz9×960°(or2.5MHz13×13canbeTable1ProbeRefractionAngle(Kvalue)andNominal1探头折射角（K值）折射角（K值仪器和探头的组合性能/Combinationperformanceofinstrumentand以下情况时应测定仪器和探头组合性能：/Thecombinedperformanceoftheinstrumentandprobeshallbemeasuredunderthefollowingconditions:新购置的超声检测仪器和（或）/Newlypurchasedultrasonictestinginstrumentsand(or)probes;仪器和探头在维修或更换主要部件后；/Instrumentandprobeaftermaintenanceorreplacementofmaincomponents;检测人员有怀疑时。/Whentheinspectorhas1%5%。/Thehorizontallineardeviationisnotmorethan1%,andtheverticallineardeviationisnotmorethan5%.仪器和探头的组合频率与探头标称频率之间偏差不得大于±10%。/Thedeviationbetweenthecombinedfrequencyoftheinstrumentandtheprobeandthenominalfrequencyoftheprobeshallnotbegreaterthan10%.仪器一直探头组合性能还应满足以下要求：/Theperformanceoftheinstrumentprobecombinationshallalsomeetthefollowingrequirements:32dB；/Thesensitivitymarginshallnotbelessthan5MIHz10mm2.5MHz的探头，盲区不大于15mm/Underthereferencesensitivity,fortheprobewiththenominalfrequencyof5MIHz,thebreedingareashallnotbegreaterthan10mm;Fortheprobewithnominalfrequencyof2.5MHz,theblindzoneshallnotbegreaterthan15mm;20dB。/Farfieldresolutionofstraightprobeshallnotbelessthan仪器一斜探头组合性能还应满足以下要求：/ThecombinationperformanceofinstrumentIangleprobeshallalsomeetthefollowingrequirements:42dB；/Sensitivitymarginshallnotbelessthan12dB。/Farfieldresolutionofangleprobeisnotlessthan在达到所探工件的最大检测声程时，其有效灵敏度余量应不小于10dB。/Whenthemaximumdetectionsoundpathofthedetectedworkpieceisreached,theeffectivesensitivitymarginshallnotbelessthan10dB.JB/T10062的规定，其他组合性能的测试方法参照JB/T9214的规定。/ThetestmethodforcombinedfrequencyofinstrumentandprobeshallcomplywithJB/T10062,andthetestmethodforothercombinedperformanceshallcomplywithJB/T9214.6.4仪器和探头组合性能的核查/Verificationofinstrumentandprobecombinationperformance6.4.1仪器和探头组合性能中的水平线性和垂直线性，每3个月至少核查一次。/Thehorizontallinearityandverticallinearityinthecombinedperformanceofinstrumentandprobeshallbecheckedatleastonceevery3months.6.4.2盲区（仅限直探头）、灵敏度余量和分辨力，每3个月至少核查一次。/Blindarea(onlyforstraightprobes),sensitivitymarginandresolutionshallbecheckedatleastonceeverythree查。/Beforeeachuseoftheultrasonictestingsystem,theangleprobeshallmeasuretheleadingedgedistance(incidentpoint),Kvalue(refractionangleβ）Verificationofdeviationfrommainsoundbeam;Thestraightprobeshallbecheckedfortheinitialpulsewidth(underthereferencesensitivity),sensitivitymarginandresolution.标准试块采用铝合金制CSK-IA试块。主要用于测定仪器、探头及系统性能，以及测量探头前沿距离、声速、零偏值、K值。/ThestandardtestblockadoptsCSK-IAtestblockmadeofaluminumalloy.Itismainlyusedtomeasuretheperformanceofinstruments,probesandsystems,aswellastheleadingedgedistanceofprobes,soundvelocity,biasvalueandKvalue.1DAC应与被检材料具有相同或相近的声学特性。/ThestandardtestblockadoptsCSK-IAtestblockmadeofaluminumalloy.Itismainlyusedtomeasuretheperformanceofinstruments,probesandsystems,aswellastheleadingedgedistanceofprobes,soundvelocity,biasvalueandKvalue.Thicknessof5,15, 1号对比试块/Fig.1No.1Reference同耦合剂。/Couplingagentcanbeglycerin,engineoilorchemicalpaste.Thesamecouplantshallbeusedfortimebaserangeadjustment,sensitivitysettingandworkpiecedetection.检测面/Detection0.5mmW（2），并由下式确定：/Thesplash,rust,oildirt,etc.inthemovingareaoftheprobeshallberemovedfromthedetectionsurfaceThepitsshallberepairedandpolished.Thecontactgapbetweenthedetectionsurfaceandtheprobeshallnotbegreaterthan0.5mm.TheclearancewidthW(Figure2)isdeterminedbythefollowingformula:Fullrangesinglereflectionmethod)detection全声程（一次反射法）检测：W≥1.25PWhere式中P—1span1T—Basemetalthicknessβ—AngleofrefractionofangleprobeWFigure2图 仪器的调整/Instrument测量探头前沿/Measuringprobeleading至试块端部距离L值，探头前沿值则为100-L，并将测量的数据记录下来。/FindthehighestechoofR100arconthealuminumalloyCSK-IAtestblockwiththeselectedprobe,measurethedistanceLvaluefromtheprobefrontedgetotheendofthetestblockatthistime,andtheprobefrontedgevalueis100-L,andrecordthemeasureddata.测量声速和零偏值/Measurementofsoundvelocityand保持探头位置不变，分别调整试块R50圆弧、R100用仪器测得测量声速和零偏值。/Keeptheprobepositionunchanged,respectivelyadjustthehighestechoofR50arcandR100arcofthetestblocktotheappropriatepositiononthescreen,andusetheinstrumenttomeasurethesoundvelocityandzerodeviationvalue.K值/MeasuringprobeKCSK-IAK1K值。/TheKvaluecanbemeasuredontheCSK-IAtestblockmadeofaluminumalloy,ortheKvaluecanbemeasuredusingthecrossholeoftheNo.1testblockmadeofaluminumalloy.时基线调节/TimebaselineCSK-IA3/4以上。/UseCSK-IAorreferenceblocktoadjustthebaselineaccordingtotheplatethickness,structure,etc.accordingtothesoundpath,andthemaximuminspectionrangeshallbeadjustedtomorethan3/4ofthefullscale.距离-波幅曲线的绘制/Drawingofdistanceamplitude2mm-波幅曲线（DAC）DAC满刻度的20%。其制作方法如下：/Thedistanceamplitudecurve(DAC)ismadeonthereferenceblockwiththeprobeandinstrumentused,andthetransverseholewithadiameterof2mmisusedasthereferencereflector.IftheDAClineisdrawnonthedisplayscreen,theheightofanypointofthecurvewithinthedetectionrangeshallnotbelessthan20%ofthefullscaleofthedisplayscreen.Themanufacturingmethodisasfollows:仪器测试范围，按声程法调节时基线比例；/Instrumenttestrange,adjustthebaselineproportionaccordingtosoundpathmethod;DAC绘制功能键将峰值点标记在荧光屏上，并逐个找出其它声程或深度孔的/Findtheholewiththenearestsoundpathordepthonthetestblock,adjustthereflectedwaveoftheholeto80%ofthefullscaleofthefluorescentscreen,usetheDACdrawingfunctionkeyoftheinstrumenttomarkthepeakpointonthefluorescentscreen,andfindoutthereflectedwaveofothersoundpathordepthholesonebyonetomarkthepeakpointonthefluorescentscreen;在探测的声程范围内，绘制DAC曲线时不少于三点；/Withinthesoundpathrangeofdetection,thereshallbenolessthanthreepointswhendrawingDACcurve;利用仪器DAC绘制功能将各点连成线，并将DAC曲线储存。/UsetheDACdrawingfunctionoftheinstrumenttoconnectthepointsintoalineandstoretheDACcurve.仪器调整的校验/Calibrationofinstrument4dB时，则对上次校验4dB时，则对上次校验后检查的全部焊缝重新进行检测。/Thedistanceamplitudecurveshallbecalibratedonthereferenceblock,andthecalibrationshallnotbelessthan3points.Thedistanceamplitudecurvemustbeverifiedbefore,afterandevery4hours.Whenthecalibrationsensitivityis4dBhigherthanthedetectionsensitivity,allrecordeddisplayscheckedafterthelastcalibrationshallberetested.Whenthecalibrationsensitivityis4dBlowerthanthedetectionsensitivity,allweldsinspectedafterthelastcalibrationshallberetested.声能传输损耗的补偿/CompensationofsoundenergytransmissionNB/T47013.3-2015P2~12dB之间，如小于2dB则无需补偿，若大于12dB，则表面需进一步处理。/Duringdetectionanddefectquantification,theacousticenergylosscausedbymaterialattenuationofmaterialsandsurfaceroughnessofworkpieceshallbecompensated.Thesurfacecompensationshallbemeasured,andthemethodisdetailedinAppendixPofNB/T47013.3-2015.Thecompensationvalueshallbe2~12dB.Ifitislessthan2dB,nocompensationisrequired.Ifitismorethan12dB,thesurfaceshallbefurther检测技术/Detection检测技术等级/Inspectiontechnology检测技术等级分为A、B、C三级。检测的完善程度和检测工作的难度按A、B、C顺序递最适宜探头角度应根据焊缝坡口角度选择使入射声束尽量垂直于焊缝坡口。/Thedetectiontechnologyisdividedintothreelevels:A,BandC.ThedegreeofperfectionanddifficultyofdetectionshallincreaseinorderofA,BandC.Theinspectiontechnologylevelshallbeselectedaccordingtothematerial,structure,weldingmethodandloadoftheworkpiece.Whentwoormoretypesofangleprobesareselected,thedifferenceoftheproberefractionangleshallbeatleast10.Inordertodetectthenonfusionbetweenweldandbasemetal,themostappropriateprobeangleshallbeselectedaccordingtotheweldgrooveangletomaketheincidentsoundbeamasperpendiculartotheweldgrooveaspossible.母材检测/Basemetal必要时，斜探头扫查声束通过的母材区域，应先用直探头检测，以便检测是否有影/Ifnecessary,thebasemetalareathroughwhichthesoundbeampassesshallbescannedbytheangleprobe,andthestraightprobeshallbeusedtodetectwhethertherearedelaminationsorothertypesofdefectsaffectingtheangleprobedetectionresults.Thistestisonlyforrecord,notforacceptancetestofbasemetal.母材检测的要点如下：/Thekeypointsofbasemetaltestingareas100%；/Scanningsensitivity:adjustthesecondbottomwaveofthedefectfreepartto100%ofthefullscaleofthedisplayscreen;20%/Anypartwithsignalamplitudeexceeding20%ofthefullscaleofthedisplayscreenshallbemarkedonthesurfaceoftheworkpieceandrecorded.扫查面/ScanningISO17640A.2A.2A执行。/ThescanningsurfaceshallrefertoFigureA.2ofISO17640.ThetestshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoTableA.2TestinglevelA.探头扫查方式/Probescanning10mm宽度（取二者较大值）的内部区域。/Thescanningtechnologyshallbeabletoscanallweldbeads.Italsoincludestheinternalareawiththewidthofbasemetalorheataffectedzone(whicheverisgreater)atleast10mmonbothsidesoftheweld.焊缝的检测必须使用合适的扫查方式，以便确定缺欠位置、方向、形状以及判别缺欠信号和假信号。为检测纵向缺陷，斜探头应垂直于焊缝中心线放置在检测面上，作锯齿型扫查。探头前后移动的范围应保证扫查到全部焊接接头截面，在保持探头垂直焊缝作前后移动的同时还应作10°~15°的左右转动。为观察缺陷动态波形和区分缺陷信号或伪缺陷信号，确定缺陷的位置、方向和形状，可采用前后、左右、转角、环绕等四种探头基本扫查方式。/Properscanningmethodmustbeusedforwelddetectiontodeterminetheposition,directionandshapeofdefects,andtodistinguishdefectsignalsandfalsesignals.Todetectlongitudinaldefects,theangleprobeshallbeplacedperpendiculartotheweldcenterlineonthedetectionsurfaceforsawtoothscanning.Theforwardandbackwardmovementrangeoftheprobeshallensurethatallweldedjointsectionscanbescanned.Whilekeepingtheprobemovingforwardandbackwardperpendiculartotheweld,itshallalsorotate10°~15leftandright.Inordertoobservethedynamicwaveformofdefects,distinguishdefectsignalsorpseudodefectsignals,anddeterminetheposition,directionandshapeofdefects,fourbasicscanningmethodsofprobes,frontandback,leftandright,corner,andsurround,canbeused.扫查速度不应大于150mm/s，相邻两次探头移动间隔保证至少有探头宽度10%的重叠。/Thescanningspeedshallnotbegreaterthan150mm/s,andthemovementintervalbetweentwoadjacentprobesshallensureatleast10%overlapoftheprobewidth.缺欠的定量/Deficiency超过评定线的信号应注意其是否具有裂纹等危害性缺陷特征，如有怀疑时应采取改变应辅以其他检验作综合判定。/hesinalbondthevlutionlineshllbenotdhthrithsthecharacteristicsofdangerousdefectssuchascracks.Ifindoubt,itshallbedeterminedbychangingtheprobeangle,increasingthedetectionsurface,observingthedynamicwaveform,andcombiningthestructuralprocesscharacteristics.Ifthewaveformcannotbedeterminedaccurately,itshallbesupplementedbyotherinspectionsforcomprehensivejudgment.度、深度/Measurementofimperfectionamplitudeanddepth:placetheprobeatthepositionwherethemaximumimperfectionreflectedwaveoccurs,readandrecordtheamplitudeanddepthofthewave.。或多个组合的评定按表2中的2级验收对应的要求执行，该等级的评定线为（100%DAC）-14dB。/theindicatorechotobemeasuredisloweredtothecorrespondingevaluationlinetomeasurethelength.TheevaluationofsingleormultiplecombinationsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtotherequirementscorrespondingtoLevel2acceptanceinTable2.TheevaluationlineofthislevelisH0(100%DAC)-14dB.12.4度等。/Thepartsjudgedasdefectsmustbemarkedatthecorrespondingpartsoftheweld,includingtheindicatedlength,burieddepth,etc.3所示。/Alldisplayedpositionsshallbedefinedbyreferencetoacoordinatesystem,asshowninFigure3./b.Apointonthedetectionsurfaceshallbeselectedasthemeasuringorigin./Whentestingfrommultiplefaces,eachfaceshalldetermineareferencepoint.Inthiscase,thepositionalrelationshipbetweenallreferencepointsshouldbeestablishedsothatalldisplayedabsolutepositionscanbedeterminedfromthespecifiedreferencepoints.环形焊缝可在装配前确定内外圈的参考点。/Thereferencepointoftheinnerandouterringofthecircumferentialwel