《英语中高职贯通 》课件-lesson 8

Inthispart,you'regoingtolearnsomehistoricalbackgroundinthedevelopmentofnuclearpower.Now,readthewordsandphrasesbelow.Thinkofwhattheymaybeusedtodescribeandlinkwordswiththephrases.Now,discussyourchoice,andthenwatchthevideotocheckyouranswers.videoReturntopart1Inthisepisode,youwilllearnaboutthebackgroundatmosphereofthehistoricalevent.Watchthevideowithsoundoff.Readthephrasesbelow,andworkingroupstodiscussthegeneralatmospheretheycreate.Now,withthesoundon,watchthevideotocheckyouranswers.videoReturntopart2Watchthisepisode,takenotes.Andthenmatchthedescriptionsbelowwiththecorrectpictures.videoWatchthisepisode,takenotes.Andthenmatchthedescriptionsbelowwiththecorrectpictures.daecbvideoReturntopart3Thisepisodewillintroducethefacilityinthelaboratory.Watchthevideo,andcorrectthemistakesintheexplanationsforeachpicture.Inthe“hell'skitchen”,22,000discsofuraniumoxideareinsertedintotheholescutinto400tonsofgraphitebricks.Inthemiddleisthemostimportantpart—thediscsofuraniummetal.Aroundthecenteristheweakeruraniumoxide.videoThisepisodewillintroducethefacilityinthelaboratory.Watchthevideo,andcorrectthemistakesintheexplanationsforeachpicture.Betweentheuraniummetal/uraniumoxidelumpsarethegraphitemoderator.Thepileiswrappedupbywoodtocarrytheloadandfillinthecornersofthebigblock.Therodsaremadeofcadmiumforcontrollingthereactioninthepile.Whentherodsarepulledout,thereactiontakesplace.Therodsaremadeofcadmiumforcontrollingthereactionsinsidethepile.Whentherodsarepushedin,thechainreactionstops.videoReturntopart4Beforeyouwatchthevideo,readthestatementsbelow,andguesswhichofthemaretrue.()1.Inordertoproduceanuclearchainreaction,theremustbeenoughuraniumincriticalquantities.()2.Itisstillveryriskyforthescientiststotestcontrollingnuclearchainreactioninspiteofyearsofresearch.()3.TheyoungscientiststrustFermibecausetheyknowthathehasenoughtestingexperience.()4.FermifeelsproudthatheisasalmostsmartasEinstein.()5.FermiwasborninItalyin1901.()6.Fermi'sloveforphysicsisinspiredbyhisolderbrother.()7.FermioftenreadbooksofphysicswritteninLatineventhoughhehadnotlearneditatall.()8.FermireceivedformaltrainingasaphysicistwhenheattendedtheUniversityofPisa.Now,watchthevideotocheckyouranswers.FTFFTFFTTosustainachainreactionwouldrequireacriticalamountofuraniuminthereactor.Becausetheytrustthatheisagenius.Hewasamodestperson.Theysharedthesameinterestinphysics.OncehehappenedtoreaditwithoutrealizingthathewasreadingabookofphysicswritteninLatin.videoReturntopart5Inthisepisode,you'regoingtoviewthevideoaboutthefinalconstructionstageoftheworld'sfirstnuclearreactor.Beforeyouwatch,readthelistofthethingsbelowandguesswhotheyarerelated.Now,watchthevideotocheckyouranswers.（Woods）(Anderson)(Zinn)(Zinn)(Anderson)(Anderson)（Woods）（Woods）(Anderson)(Zinn)（Woods）(Anderson)（Woods）(allofthethree)videoReturntopart6Watchthevideo,takenotes,andputthehistoricaleventsinthecorrectsequenceonthetimelineaccordingtoyournotes.Timelinea.Theanti-SemiticManifestoofRacewasmadewhichproclaimedthat“ItaliansareAryans;JewsdonotbelongtotheItalianrace.”b.MussoliniwasoutragedbecauseFermifailedtowearamilitaryuniformandgiveafascistsoluteattheaward-givingceremony.c.FermiwrotesecretlytoAmericanuniversitiestoseekforateachingposition.d.TheeminentDanishphysicist,NilsBohr,tippedFermioffthathewasselectedfortheNobelPrize.e.FermireceivedaphonecallconfirmingthathereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysics.f.FermiwasofferedaprofessorshipatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.g.TheItaliandictator,theDuce,MussoliniwelcomedAdolfHitlertoRome.h.TheFermifamilytravelledtoStockholm,Sweden.i.FromtheretheFermifamilyfledtotheUnitedStates.Historicalsequence:Now,watchthevideotocheckyouranswer.gacfdehibvideoReturntopart71.Watchthevideountil9:30a.m.andfillintheblankswithproperwords.FermiknowsthattheNaziscouldbeone(1)aheadintheracetobuildthebomb.Anightmare(2).Butiftoday'sexperimentissuccessfulitwillbea(3)stepforwardintheAllieseffortto(4)Hitler'swarmachine.Thestageisnow(5)fortheboldestexperimentinhumanhistory.Noonehaseverdonethisbefore.EnricoFermiwillbethefirstmantoattemptto(6)and(7)atomicenergy.2.Watchtherestofthevideoseveraltimes,takenotes,andthenusethemtoanswerthequestionsbelow.(1)HowdoesFermiknowifhisexperimentissuccessfulornot?

(2)Whatisthe“suicidesquad”,andwhydoesFermiputthemonthepile?

stepscenariogiantdefeatsetreleasecontrolTheexperimentisarrangedwithcarefulplanning.Fermiarrangestherodstobewithdrawnstepbystep,whilemonitoringthechainreactioninsidethepilebyusingWoods'Geigercounter.Iftheexperimentissuccessful,theGeigercounterwillshowthequantitiesofneutronsinflux.ThiswillbethefirststepoftheexperimenttoshowthatFermicanreleasethenuclearenergybytriggeringthechainreactioninthepile.Thesecondstepistoshowthathe'sabletocontrolthereactionbymanipulatingtherodspushedinorpushedout.Asthisisthefirstexperimentforhumanbeingstoreleasethenuclearenergy,itishighlyriskyfortheteambecausethenuclearenergy,ifoutofcontrol,woulddestroythelaboratoryandkillallthepeoplearoundthepile.Thethreestudentsareaskedtostandbywiththecadmiumsulphatesolutionwhichissupposedtoputoutthefileincasethepileexplodes.Butthiswouldbeadeadlytaskforthemastheywillalsokilledintheattempttoputoutthefile.videovideo2.Watchtherestofthevideoseveraltimes,takenotes,andthenusethemtoanswerthequestionsbelow.

(3)HowdoesFermicontroltheprocessoftheexperiment?

(4)Describethegeneralatmosphereandgiveyourreasons.

Heisverycautiousinexperimentingwiththecontrolofthechainreaction.HeordershisassistanttowithdrawthecadmiumrodsonebyoneandinchbyinchfromthepilewhilecloselymonitoringtheneutronquantitiesintheGeigercounterandhiscalculationonthesliderule.Theatmosphereisgenerallyverytense,andabitofnervous.Theexperimentisnotjustofimportanceinscientificterms,butalsomilitaryandpoliticalterms.TheexperimentisveryimportantaspeopleareinaraceagainstthefascistGerman'swarmachine.ThemilitaryandthePresidentareallconcernedabouttheresultsoftheexperiment.videoReturntopart8-1Returntopart8-2Watchthevideoandputthefollowingthreedescriptionsintothecorrectorder.321videoReturntopart9Watchthevideo,andputthefollowingeventsintothecorrectsequence.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.1a.Fermiandhisteamdrankquietlytocelebratethesuccessoftheworld'sfirstchainreactionexperimentattheUniversityofChicago.

b.LeonaWoodslaterworkedonthenuclearreactorsatHanford,WashingtonstateonthebankoftheColumbiaRiver.Shediedin1986.

c.AlbertWatternburgbecameaProfessorofPhysicsattheUniversityofChicago.HekeptthewinebottleasamemoryofthepartheplayedinFermi'steam.

d.HerbAnderson