全优课堂 英语 高考总复习 课件UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

选择性必修第三册UNIT3

ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION(本栏目对应学生用书P236)目录1每日早晚必背2课前语基夯实3考点多维突破4能力优化集训5课时作业★每日早晚必背假如你是李华，你校的英文学习社刊物正在举办“校园环保”主题征文活动。请用英文写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1.校园保护的现状；2.改善现状的措施；3.发起爱护环境呼吁。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【佳文背诵】

Atpresent，theproblemofgarbagepollutionisgettingsoseriousthatourcampusisnowbeingsurroundedbygarbageandsomearesuffering

fromtheconsequencesofit.Tosolvetheproblemofgarbagepollution，weshouldtake

effective

measures

without

hesitation.Tobeginwith，weshouldeconomiseresourcestoreducethe

amount

ofgarbage.Inaddition，it’sagoodideatosortthegarbageproperlysothatitcanbetreatedeasily.Finally，we’dbetterraise

students’

awareness

ofprotectingtheenvironment.Inmyview，it’severyone’sdutytoreducegarbagepollution.Onlyifwepull

togethercanweliveinabetterenvironment.【词汇积累】sufferfrom遭受takeeffectivemeasures采取有效措施withouthesitation毫不迟疑地theamountof……的数量raiseone’sawarenessof提高某人关于……的意识pulltogether齐心协力【句式仿写】1.湿地是如此重要，我们应该不遗余力地保护它们。(so+adj.+that)Thewetlands

weshouldsparenoeffortstoprotectthem.

2.只有生态环境变得更好，野生动物才能安全快乐地生活。(Onlyif倒装句)

wildanimalslivesafelyandhappily.

aresoimportantthatOnlyiftheecologicalenvironmentgetsbettercan▶高频重点词汇◎核心词汇

会运用1.

vt.&

n.排放；释放；发布

2.

n.趋势；趋向；动向

3.

n.燃料；刺激性言行

4.

vt.抓住；夺取；控制

★课前语基夯实releasetrend

fuelseize5.

vi.&

vt.改革；(使)改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良

6.

n.垃圾；废物

7.

vt.对……处以罚款

8.

n.(一)打；十二个

reformgarbagefinedozen【语境活用】根据汉语提示完成句子1.Dealershavegotwisetothe

(动向)andincreasedtheirpricesaccordingly.

2.It’snecessarytoeducatechildrentosortthe

(垃圾).

3.Iboughta

(打)eggsandeveryoneofthemwasbad.

4.WhenIwassurfingtheInternet，ablog

(抓住)myeyesthathumanfootprintsmightthreatentheecosystem.

5.Thefactorywas

(对……处以罚款)fordischargingchemicalsintotheriver.

trend

garbagedozenseizedfined

6.Thefactoryisbannedfrom

(排放)smoke.

7.Theprimeministerrejectedanyideaof

(改革)thesystem.

releasing

reforming◎拓展词汇

能提升1.

vi.&

vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→

n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死→

adj.饥饿的；挨饿的

2.

n.生态；生态学→

adj.生态的；生态学的→

n.生态学家

3.

vt.维持；遭受；承受住→

adj.可持续的；合理利用的

4.

vt.理解→

n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习→

adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的

starvestarvationstarvingecologyecologicalecologistsustainsustainablecomprehendcomprehensioncomprehensive5.

adj.频繁的；经常的→

adv.

频繁地；经常→

n.频率；频繁

6.

vt.限制；限定；束缚→

n.限制规定；限制法规；约束

7.

n.协调；和睦；融洽；调和→

adj.和谐的

8.

vt.&

vi.提交；呈递；屈服→

n.提交；服从

9.

adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴→

adv.

每年

frequentfrequentlyfrequencyrestrictrestriction

harmonyharmonious

submitsubmissionannualannually10.

vt.感觉到n.感觉→

adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→

adj.明智的

11.

vt.恢复；使复原；修复→

n.恢复

12.

vt.保护；保持→

n.对(环境、文物等)保护；保持

13.

vt.检查；查看；视察→

n.检查；查看；视察→

n.检查员；巡视员

14.

vt.忍受；包容；容许→

n.宽容；容忍→

adj.宽容的；容忍的

sensesensitivesensiblesensiblerestorationconserveconservationinspectinspectioninspectortoleratetolerancetolerant【语境活用】使用所给单词的适当形式填空1.

goingoutmayresultin

absencefromwork，whichwillinfluenceyoursalary.(frequent)

2.Theypreparedareportfor

tothecouncil，inwhichthey

thattheevidencewasunreliable.(submit)

3.People’slifehereisfullof

andatthesametime，humansandnaturemakea

picture.(harmony)

4.Itissurprisingthattherearestillmanypeopleintheworld

todeatheachyear；thatis，manypeopledieof

.(starve)

Frequentlyfrequentsubmissionsubmittedharmonyharmoniousstarvingstarvation5.Iwillnot

thatsortofbehaviourinmyclassandnoonewillbe

ofthat.(tolerate)

6.Through

effortsofmanyconservationists，pandashavebeen

andbroughtbackfromtheedgeofextinction.(conserve)

7.Thebuildingisregularly

bythefire-safety

.Another

willbecarriedoutnextmonth.(inspect)

8.To

smoking，thenew

bannedsmokinginpublicplacestoensureeveryone’shealth.(restrict)

toleratetolerantconservationconservedinspectedinspectorsinspectionrestrictrestriction▶高频短语串记※单元短语再现contributeto；resultin；insearchof；trapin；dozensof；onbehalfof【语境活用】选用所给短语的适当形式填空1.

everyonehere，Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry.

2.Theseworkersmigratefromcountrytocountry

work.

3.Alargenumberofsoldiersweresenttheretorescuethose_____________thebuilding.Onbehalfofinsearchoftrappedin

4.Ontheoppositewallarehanging

picturesaswellastwomapsofChina.

5.Itwashiscarelessnessthat

hisfailure.

6.Ourignoranceoftheenvironmentprotectionhas

thewholebalanceofnaturebeingdestroyed.

dozensofresultedincontributedto▶重点句型仿写1.There

is

no/little

doubt

that…毫无疑问……ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph).

毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。［仿写］

(毫无疑问)theconstructionofthishighwaywillcontributetothedevelopmentofthisarea.

Thereisno/littledoubtthat2.动词的-ing形式短语作结果状语Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide，trapsomeoftheheat，

keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.

大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，吸收了部分热量，使地球气候保持温暖且适宜居住。［仿写］Itrainedheavily，

(造成了严重的洪灾)inthatcountry.

causingsevereflooding3.“with+n./pron.+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词(短语)”复合结构Waterpollutionlevelsincreased，

withmorehouseholdandcommercialwasteendingupintheriver.

随着更多的生活和商业垃圾排入江中，水污染程度更加严重。［仿写］

(有水覆盖着)morethan70%ofitssurface，Earthlookslikeablueball.

Withwatercovering▶词汇精磨1.starve

vt.&

vi.(使)挨饿；饿死【探究归纳】★考点多维突破【典例示范】Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatchildrenallstarve

forloveandfriendship.全世界都知道，孩子们都渴望得到爱和友谊。Sincethefaminebrokeout，thenumberofthepeopledying

of

starvationhasbeenincreasing.自从饥荒暴发以来，死于饥饿的人数一直在增加。【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)She’s

herselftotrytoloseweight.Buttheharmthe

bringstohercannotbeavoidable.(starve)

(2)Peopleinthisregionarestarved

drinkingwater.

(3)Theydidnotstarve

deathandwerenotpoisoned，scientistsaid.

(4)这个部门一直缺乏资源。Thedepartmenthas

resources.

starvingstarvationoftobeenstarvedof2.seize

vt.抓住；夺取；控制【探究归纳】【典例示范】TheonlyopportunityshecouldseizetostudywaswhenherbrotherwashavingChineselessonswiththefamilytutor.她唯一能抓住的学习机会是她哥哥和家庭教师一起上中文课的时候。

【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Beforethethiefcouldrunaway，Lucyseizedhim

thecollar.

(2)Therumourswereeagerlyseized

bythelocalpress.

(3)我们应该把握机遇努力实现我们的目标。Weshould

toachieveourgoal.

byon/uponseizetheopportunitytoworkhard3.harmonious

adj.和谐的【探究归纳】【典例示范】Ilearnthatdifferentracesshouldrespecteachotherandlive

in

harmonyinsteadofbeingatwar.我认识到不同的种族应该互相尊重，和睦相处，而不是相互争斗。Withbettereducation，peoplewillbeabletobuildabettersocietyin

harmony

withnature.有了更好的教育，人们能够建立一个与自然和谐相处的更美好的社会。【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Onlyinthiswaycanwebuildamore

(harmony)society.

(2)Wealwaysdesiretoliveinharmony

ourneighbours.

(3)我们绝不能忽视人类必须与自然和谐相处这一事实。Wemustneverlosesightofthefactthathumanbeingsmust

.

harmoniouswithliveinharmonywithnature4.submit

vt.&

vi.提交；呈递；屈服【探究归纳】【典例示范】Ifyouwanttobepublished，it’svitaltosubmitaperfect，professionallypresentedmanuscript.如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的。【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Completedprojectsmust

(submit)by10March.

(2)Indesperation，MrsJonessubmitted

(she)toanoperationonherrightkneetorelievethepain.

(3)Thedefeatedgeneralshowedhis

(submit)bygivinguphissword.

(4)该计划将送交委员会正式批准。Theplanwill

thecommitteeforofficialapproval.

besubmittedherselfsubmissionbesubmittedto5.sensitive

adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的【探究归纳】【典例示范】There

is

no

sense

in

persuadinghimanylonger.Oncehehasmadeuphismind，nothingcanchangeit.再劝说他是没有意义的。一旦他下定决心，没有什么能改变它。【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Ilearntthatafishisacoldbloodedanimalandthereforeitissensitive

watertemperature.

to(2)Areyousensible

thedangersofyourposition？

(3)

asenseitdoesn’tmatteranymore，soitdoesn’tneedconsidering.

(4)这种事情绝不能发生在我们学校。

suchathingbeallowedtohappeninourschool.

ofInInnosenseshould6.refer

to

查阅；参考；涉及；提到，谈起；指的是【探究归纳】【典例示范】Iamwritingwith

reference

toyourjobapplication.我写这封信是关于你的工作申请的事情。【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)First，agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewastrainingfora“super”，referring

a52.4-miledoublemarathon.

to(2)Itwasreportedthatthecasehad

(refer)toahighercourt.

(3)Peoplewhoworkinofficesareusuallyreferredto

“whitecollarworkers”.

(4)教科书和字典可以作为参考书，而杂志可以作为阅读材料。Thetextbooksanddictionariescanbeusedas

whilethemagazinesserveasreadingmaterials.

beenreferred

asreferencebooks▶句型透视1.(教材P27)Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide，trapsomeoftheheat，

keeping

Earth’s

climate

warm

and

habitable.

大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，吸收了部分热量，使地球气候保持温暖且适宜居住。

【句式提炼】该句中的“keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable”为动词的-ing形式短语作状语。【归纳拓展】语法现象动词的-ing形式(短语)作状语特点动词与逻辑主语之间为主谓关系。逻辑主语通常是句子的主语或动词的-ing形式前的整个句子形式动词的-ing形式的完成式为havingdone，被动式为beingdone【典例示范】Thechildslippedandfelldown，

hitting

her

head

against

the

door.那孩子滑了一跤，头撞在了门上。Feeling

disappointed

at

the

result

of

the

exam，Iburstintotears.对考试结果感到失望，我哭了起来。【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Hisfatherwaskilledinthecaraccident，

(leave)thelifemuchharder.

(2)

(finish)herhomework，thegirlwenttobedhappily.

(3)

(work)asavolunteerteacherinthewest，theyoungmandevelopedaninterestingrowingvegetables.

(4)继续努力学习，你一定会被重点大学录取的。

hard，you’llsurelybeadmittedintothekeyuniversity.

leaving

HavingfinishedWorkingKeepingonstudying2.(教材P32)Waterpollutionlevelsincreased，

with

more

household

and

commercial

waste

ending

up

in

the

river.

随着更多的生活和商业垃圾排入江中，水污染程度更加严重。【句式提炼】该句中的“withmorehouseholdandcommercialwasteendingupintheriver”为with的复合结构。【归纳拓展】语法现象“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构考点with表示伴随，意为“带有；具有”宾语补足语的形式doing(宾语和宾语补足语之间为主谓或进行的关系)done(宾语和宾语补足语之间为动宾或完成的关系)todo(宾语和宾语补足语之间为将来进行的动作的关系)adj./adv./介词短语【典例示范】Tohissurprise，theboycameoutwith

the

watch

in

his

hand.令他吃惊的是，男孩出来了，手里拿着手表。With

the

Spring

Festival

approaching，peoplebegintopreparesomefoodanddecorationsforthefestival.随着春节的临近，人们开始为春节准备一些食物和装饰品。【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Withtheoldman

(lead)theway，wehadnodifficultyinfindingthehouse.

(2)Withtheoldman

(lead)theway，wewillhavenodifficultyinfindingthehouse.

leadingtolead(3)Tomyjoy，Icouldgoshoppingwithmymotherwithalotofhomework

(finish).

(4)史密斯先生太累了，开着门就睡着了。Feelingtiredout，MrSmithfellasleep

.

finishedwiththedooropenⅠ.语境辨义根据语境写出黑体词的词性及含义1.Thestorywrittenbyayoungmanhasattractedworldwideattention.

2.Thegovernmenthasagreedtoimplementtherecommendationinthereport.

3.Thegovernmentintendstopushaheadwithitsreformprogramme.

★能力优化集训adj.世界各地的vt.贯彻；执行n.改革；变革4.Contrarytopopularbelief，

moderateexerciseactuallydecreasesyourappetite.

5.Thechairmanofthecompanypresentedtheannualreport.

6.Agoodadvertisingcampaignwillincreaseoursales.

adj.适度的adj.每年的；一年的n.运动Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Whenevertheconsultantinpsychologywaswornout，hewasstarving

acupofcoffeetorefreshhimself.

2.Sopessimisticwasmyclassmatethathehadnoideahow

(release)histremendouspressure.

3.Finally，Imadeupmymind

(seize)theopportunitytoenhancemyoverallcompetence.

4.Basedonwhatheobserved，thespecialistdecidedon

(submit)hismedicalreporttothepresidentofthehospital.

fortorelease

toseizesubmitting5.Onbehalf

ourschool，Iappealtoeachstudenttotakemorephysicalexercise.

6.Busesrun

(frequent)betweenthecityandtheairport.

7.Thesurgeoncan’ttolerate

(disturb)byotherswhenheisabsorbedinreading.

8.Withinthecompassofanormalsizedbooksucha

(comprehend)surveywasnotpracticable.

9.I

thathewasvery

towhatotherssaidandhecouldnotmake

choices.(sense)

offrequencybeingdisturbed

comprehensivesensedsensitivesensible10.Thenewswhich

(broadcast)onTVyesterdayabsorbedallthecitizens’attention.

wasbroadcastⅢ.选词填空用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，并背诵该短文。(黑体词汇为本单元词汇)haveanimpacton；dozensof；carryout；starvetodeath；releasedinto；there’slittledoubtthat

Withmoderategreenhousegases，suchasmethaneandcarbon

dioxide

1.

theatmosphere，Earthcansustainlife.Butcomprehensiveevidenceshowsthatmoreheatenergythannecessaryexistsbecauseofburninganincreasingvolumeoffossil

fuels.beingreleasedinto2.

itishumanactivitythathasresultedinglobalwarming.Hence，thewarmingtrend

3.

Earth’secologyandharmoniousdevelopment.Someevenpredictthatifhumansdon’ttakeeffectivemeasuresimmediately，Earthwon’tsustainlifeanylonger.Newsreportsarefrequently

broadcastaboutpolarbears，

sealsandpenguinsthat4.

becauseofthemeltingice.Tropical

junglesaredestroyed，makingthemlesshabitableforanimals.Whathumanbeingscan’ttolerateisthatgarbageisthrowneverywhere，suchaswaterwaysandbasins.Facedwiththeseveresituations，worldwidegovernmentshavereformed

policiestoreducegreenhousegasThere’slittledoubtthathasanimpactonstarvetodeathemissionsandrestorethesensitive

ecology.5.

enterpriseshavesubmittedandimplementedtheirconservation

regulations，saying，“Wewillimmediately6.

thedisposalofthewasteweproduce.”Individualscanalsoseizeeverychancetoreducethe“carbonfootprint”inthedailylife.AlthoughEarthhasundergonesomeecologicalchaos，peoplefromallovertheworldconfidentlysaythatthosemeasurescancreateasustainableworld.

DozensofcarryoutⅣ.微写作根据汉语提示并运用本单元的词汇和语法写一段话

在我看来，海洋资源的破坏有两个原因。首先，商业捕捞对鱼类数量和种类的急剧减少产生了影响。因此，需要更多的限制来保持鱼类的多样性。其次，许多工厂一直把垃圾和脏水倒进海洋，使海洋不再是适宜海洋生物居住的地方。因此，随着情况的恶化，迫切需要唤起工厂对于海洋资源的保护意识，并把排污系统的改革列入议事日程。【答案】Onepossibleversion：Inmyview，therearetworeasonsforthedestructionofmarineresources.Firstly，commercialfishinghasanimpactonthesharpdecreaseinthenumberandvarietyoffish.Therefore，morerestrictionsareneededtokeepthediversityoffish.Secondly，manyfactorieshavebeenfrequentlypouringgarbageanddirtywaterintotheocean，

makingtheoceannolongerahabitableplaceformarineorganisms.Asaresult，

withthesituationgettingworse，itisurgenttoraisefactories’awarenessofmarineresourcesconservationandputthereformofsewagesystemsontheagenda.（本栏目对应课时作业P533）Ⅰ.阅读理解A

Thefollowingsaresomeunsungheroesbringingauniqueviewpointandapproachtotheglobalchallengeofenvironmentalconservation.Greta

Thunberg

GretaThunberg，ayoungenvironmentalvoicefromSweden，hasnotonlycaughtglobalattentionbuttransformeditintoapowerfulmovement.Throughher“FridaysforFuture”initiative，Gretaencouragesstudentsworldwidetoadvocateforclimateaction，callingfortheurgencyofaddressingclimatechange.Hertouchingspeechesatinternationalforums，coupledwitharefusaltoacceptinactionhavemadeherasymbolofyouth-drivenenvironmentaladvocacy.Wangari

Maathai

ThelateNobelPeacePrizewinnerfromKenyaleftapermanentmarkthroughherpioneeringGreenBeltMovement.Thisgrassrootsinitiativeempoweredcommunities，particularlywomen，tofightagainstdeforestationthroughtreeplanting.Maathai’slegacylivesoninthemillionsoftreesplantedacrossAfrica，reflectingherbeliefthatsustainabledevelopmentstartsatthegrassrootslevel，withcommunitiesactivelyengagedinpreservingtheirenvironment.Isaton

Ceesay

IsatouCeesay，anenvironmentalistfromTheGambia，hasemergedasapioneerinthefightagainstplasticpollution.Recognisingthedetrimentalimpactofplasticwasteonlocalcommunitiesandecosystems，Ceesayfoundedthe“Women’sInitiativeGambia”.Throughcreativerecyclinginitiatives，sheempowerswomentorepurposeplasticwaste，promotingeconomicindependencewithincommunities.Ma

Jun

MaJunbeganhiscareerasaninvestigativejournalist，buthasquicklyrisentobecomeanoutstandingChineseenvironmentalist，knownforhispioneeringworkinwaterpollutioncontrol.AsthefounderoftheInstituteofPublicandEnvironmentalAffairs(IPE)，MaJundevelopedtheChinaWaterPollutionMap，aninteractiveonlinetoolthattrackswaterqualitydataandexposespollutionsourcesacrossthecountry.1.Whatgroupofpeoplesis“Friday’sforFuture”for？A.Women. B.Thegrassroots.C.Youngstudents. D.Poorfarmers.√1.细节理解。根据GretaThunberg部分中的“Throughher‘FridaysforFuture’initiative，Gretaencouragesstudentsworldwidetoadvocateforclimateaction…”可知，FridaysforFuture是为年轻的学生们而发起的。故选C项。2.WhatdoesGreenBeltMovementdealwith？A.Preservingtrees.B.Communitycooperation.C.Plasticpollution.D.Addressingclimatechange.

√2.细节理解题。根据WangariMaathai部分中的“throughherpioneeringGreenBeltMovement…tofightagainstdeforestationthroughtreeplanting.”可知，GreenBeltMovement主要处理保护树木的问题。故选A项。3.Whocaresaboutthecleanlinessofwater？A.GretaThunberg. B.WangariMaathai.C.IsatouCeesay. D.MaJun.√3.细节理解题。根据MaJun部分中的“MaJundeveloped…onlinetoolthattrackswaterqualitydataandexposespollutionsourcesacrossthecountry.”可知，MaJun关心水的清洁程度。故选D项。【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了一些无名英雄，他们以独特的视角和方法应对环境保护方面的全球挑战。B

(2024—2025学年河南省金科大联考高三上学期11月质量检测)Whileotherartistsmightusewatercoloursoroilpaints，MbongeniButheleziuseswasteplasticstocreateportraits(肖像)athisstudioinBooysens，Johannesburg.Hismediumistheplasticlitterhecollectsfromlocalrubbishgroundandcitystreets.

Anartistandactivist，Buthelezi，56，firstfoundhistalentforthecreativeasaboyinruralKwaZulu-Natal，SouthAfrica.Hesculptedclayfigurines(小雕像)oftheanimalsaroundhisvillage：cows，horsesandgoats.Heexplainedthatplasticlitterwassocommoninhishometownthatitbecameanunwelcomepartofthecows’regulardiet.“Wewouldseethesecowsdiebecausetheyhadeatenplastics，”Buthelezisaid.

Withplasticwastegrowingaroundtheworld，Butheleziisusinghisworktobothhighlightanddealwiththeissue.Buthelezi’suseofwastewasn’talwaysindefenseoftheenvironment；hefirstbeganusingplasticlitterforhisartbecausehecouldn’taffordmoretraditionalmediums.At22，hestudiedatacommunityartsschool.Hetookwithhimjusttwoblankets，verylittlemoney，andalotofoptimism.Therehelivedinasmallroomandworkedoddjobsbetweenclassestoaffordrentandfood.Hehadnomoneyformaterials.“Theschoolintroducedustothingslikecollage-usingoldmagazinestocreateanartworkifyoudon’thavemoneyforpaints，”saidButhelezi.“Withoutthosefancytraditionalwaysofmakingart，weexpandedourwayoflookingatartandlife.”

Hebegancollectingplastictrashto“paint”withinsteadofexpensiveoilpaints.Hedevelopedatechniqueofusinganelectricheatgunthatproducedhotairtomelttheplasticandthenapplyittoarecycledcanvas(画布).Thisismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Bythe1990s，Butheleziwasaprofessionalartist，andhewasdeterminedtouseinnovationinartforthegoodoftheplanet.4.WhatdidButheleziwitnessinhishometownthatinfluencedhislaterwork？A.Thebeautyofnature.B.Thepopularityoftraditionalart.C.Thelargeamountofclayforsculpting.D.Thewidespreadoccurrenceofplasticlitter.√4.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Heexplainedthatplasticlitterwassocommon…regulardiet(他解释说，塑料垃圾在他的家乡非常普遍，以至于成为奶牛日常饮食中不受欢迎的一部分).”和第四段中的“Withplasticwastegrowingaroundtheworld，Butheleziisusinghiswork…theissue(随着塑料垃圾在世界各地的增长，Buthelezi正在利用他的工作来强调和解决这个问题).”可知，Buthelezi在家乡看到塑料垃圾的普遍存在影响了他后来的作品。故选D项。5.WhydidButheleziinitiallyusewasteplasticsinhisartwork？A.Hehopedtostandoutintheartcommunity.B.Hewantedtosupportenvironmentalprotection.C.Heexpectedtorealisehisdreamtobecomeanactivist.D.Helackedmoneytobuytraditionalmediums.√5.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“hefirstbeganusingplasticlitterforhisartbecausehecouldn’taffordmoretraditionalmediums”可知，Buthelezi最初使用废弃塑料进行艺术创作是因为他买不起传统的艺术材料。故选D项。6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeButhelezi？A.Kindandbrave.B.Optimisticandtalented.C.Humorousandsincere.D.Successfulandambitious.√6.推理判断题。根据第五段中的“He…verylittlemoney，andalotofoptimism.”可知，他是乐观的；再根据最后一段中的“Hedevelopedatechnique…applyittoarecycledcanvas(画布).”可知，他发明了一种技术，使用电热枪产生热空气来融化塑料，然后将其涂在回收的画布上，所以他是有才能的。故选B项。7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext？A.MbongeniButheleziisafamousartist.B.Plasticwasteaffectstheenvironment.C.TheSouthAfricanartistturnsplasticintoportraits.D.ArtistsfacechallengesinSouthAfrica.√7.主旨大意题。通读全文内容，尤其第一段中的“MbongeniButheleziuseswasteplasticstocreateportraits(肖像)”可知，本文主要讲述了南非艺术家MbongeniButhelezi用垃圾塑料制作肖像画的故事。故选C项。【答案】

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了南非艺术家

Mbongeni

Buthelezi用垃圾塑料制作肖像画的故事。这既展示了他的艺术才华，也强调了塑料的污染问题。C

(2024—2025学年广州华师附中高三上学期综合测试二)Whenitcomestobalancingtheneedsofhumansandtheneedsofnature，historicallyitwas“developorconserve”or“developorrestore”.However，nowconservationmethodsareincreasinglyfocusingoncoexistencewithnatureandecologicalresilience(恢复力).Thetraditionalmodelincoastalprotectionisthatyoubuildsomekindofhard，fixedstructureslikeaseawall，butconventionalseawallscanhavenegativeeffectsonbiodiversity，habitats，nutrientcyclingandtheenvironmentatlarge.“Inthiscase，coastalprotectionandbiodiversityarereallyatodds，”saysCarterSmith，whoresearchescoastalrestoration.That’swherelivingshorelinescomein.Livingshorelinesincorporateplantsandnaturalmaterialslikesandandrocktostabilisecoastalareasandprotectthemfromstormswhilealsocreatingmorenaturalhabitatsandminimizingenvironmentaldestruction.Smithandhiscolleaguesstudiedhowlivingshorelinesperformedduringmultiplehurricanesandfoundthatlivingshorelineshadsignificantlyless“visibledamageorerosion”comparedtositeswithconventionalstormprotectioninfrastructure.

Inadditiontolivingshorelines，predators(捕食者)alsoplayimportantrolesinrestoringoceanecosystems.“OneofthebestexampleswehaveoftoppredatorsfacilitatingecosystemsaretigersharksinAustralia，”saysProf.BrianSilliman，oneofSmith’scolleagues.Whenthesharksarearound，seaturtleseatfewerseaplants.“It’snotbecausethesharkseatalotofseaturtlesbutbecausetheyscarethemtowardtheshoreline.”

Whenphysicalstressorslikeclimatechangereachacertainpointinagivenecosystem，wildlifecanrapidlydecline.Butwildlifethatisadjustedtocoexistingwithatoppredatormayhaveahigherstressthreshold(阈值).Inourever-changingworld，theabilitytoadaptisasimportantasever.“Ithinkthere’sgreatoptimismandopportunityhere，”Sillimansays.“Thereissomuchthatwecanlearnfromnature，andthemorewecanlearntocoexistandtointegrateoursocietywiththrivingecosystems，thebetteritwillbeforeveryone，”Smithagrees.8.WhatisimpliedinParagraph1？A.Thebalancebetweenhumansandnature.B.Theimprovementinecologicalresilience.C.Apromisingconsequenceofnaturerestoration.D.Ashiftintheenvironmentalprotectionstrategy.√8.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“historicallyitwas‘developorconserve’or‘developorrestore’.However，nowconservationmethods…ecologicalresilience(恢复力).”可知，(人们)在过去谈及的是“发展还是保护”或者“发展还是修复”的问题，但现在的保护方法越来越注重与自然共存和生态恢复力。由此推知，第一段暗示了环境保护策略的转变。故选D项。9.What’sthepurposeofParagraph2？A.TopresentSmith’sresearchachievements.B.Todemonstratethesignificanceofshorelines.C.Toexplainthefunctionofconventionalseawalls.D.Toshowtheproblemofold-fashionedprotection.√9.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“butconventionalseawallscanhavenegativeeffectson…atlarge(但是传统的海堤会对生物多样性、栖息地、营养循环和整个环境产生负面影响).”和CarterSmith所说的“Inthiscase，coastalprotectionandbiodiversityarereallyatodds(在这种情况下，海岸保护和生物多样性确实是冲突的)”可推知，第二段的目的是展示传统保护的问题。故选D项。10.Howdotigersharkshelprestoretheoceanecosystem？A.Byregulatingseaturtles’behaviour.B.Byinfluencingseaturtles’population.C.Byremovingseaplantsfromtheirhabitat.D.Bypreventingphysicalstressorsoccurring.√10.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Oneofthebestexamples…becausetheyscarethemtowardtheshoreline.”可知，虎鲨的出现控制了海龟的行为，使它们吃更少的海洋植物，从而对海洋生态的保护有益。故