专题十动词的非谓语形式 课件(共65张) 2025年中考英语译林版语法专项复习（江苏）

目录课标知识图谱高频考点精研专题十动词的非谓语形式考点1动词不定式考点2动词的-ing形式考点3动词的-ed形式A组考点突破B组语段提升课标知识图谱1

高频考点精研2

动词不定式一、动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，这里的to是不定式符号，

本身无意义，有时可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中

不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留了动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状

语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。二、不定式的基本用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾

语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。句法功能示例作状语He

went

to

the

library

to

borrow

some

books.他去图书馆

借了几本书。作宾语I

want

to

ask

him

a

question.我想问他一个问题。He

is

learning

to

swim.他在学习游泳。句法功能示例作宾语补足语She

asked

me

to

speak

louder.她要求我更大声地说话。作定语They

have

no

house

to

live

in.他们无房子可住。作主语To

learn

English

well

is

not

easy.学好英语是不容易的。作表语To

have

a

dream

is

to

have

a

goal.有一个梦想就是有一个目标。1.

不定式作状语①作目的状语常用结构：only

to

do（仅仅为了），in

order

to

do，so

as

to

do。He

ran

fast

so

as

to

catch

the

first

bus.他跑得很快，为的是赶上第一趟公共汽车。I

come

here

only

to

say

goodbye

to

you.我来仅仅是为了向你告别。②作结果状语常用结构：so…as

to，too…to…，enough…to…，only

to

do

（表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果）。I’m

not

so

stupid

as

to

believe

that.我还不至于傻到去相信那个。③作原因状语，不定式在某些形容词后，表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的原因。I’m

glad

to

see

you.见到你很高兴。I’m

only

too

glad

to

have

passed

the

exam.考试及格了，我非常高兴。拓展

不定式用作独立成分，往往是用作评注性状语。常用作独立成分的不定式短

语有：to

be

frank坦率地说；to

begin

with首先；to

tell

you

the

truth说实话；to

be

honest老实说；to

start

with首先。To

be

honest，

it

is

one

of

the

worst

books

I’ve

ever

read.说实话，那是我读过最差的

书之一。2.

不定式作宾语有些及物动词后接不定式作宾语，常见的这类及物动词有begin，

choose，continue，decide，fail，forget，hate，help，hope，learn，

manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prefer，promise，refuse，try，

wait，want，wish，afford，agree，start，like，expect等。She

promised

to

come

at

nine

o’clock.她答应九点来的。…，so

she

decided

to

enter

the

garden.……，因此她决定进入花园。[七下

－Unit

6]提醒①接在表示“除……之外”意义的but，

except之后的动词不定式，若but，

except

之前有实义动词do的任何形式，通常省略动词不定式符号to；如果没有do的形式要

加to。His

mother

could

do

nothing

but

wait

for

the

doctor

to

arrive.他妈妈除了等着医生到来之外别无他法。I

have

no

choice

but

to

accept

her

advice.我别无选择，只能接受她的建议。②如果宾语的不定式后有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正宾语的不定式

（短语）移到宾语补足语之后。I

found

it

important

to

get

up

early

in

the

morning.我发现早上早起很重要。拓展

不定式可以和疑问代词who，

what，

which及疑问副词when，

how，

where连

用构成不定式短语，在句中充当宾语。Millie

has

decided

what

to

read.米莉已经决定读什么书了。[八下－Unit

4]3.

不定式作宾语补足语①常见接to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词或短语有teach，invite，

advise，encourage，ask，allow，tell，expect，order，want，wish，

warn，would

like等。

My

mother

asks

me

not

to

play

computer

games

before

finishing

my

homework.

我妈妈要求我在完成家庭作业之前不许玩电脑游戏。②在动词help后面作宾语补足语的不定式，可以带to，也可以不带to。He

often

helps

his

parents（to）do

housework

on

weekends.他经常在周末帮

助父母做家务。重难点一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动

词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen

to）、三让（let，make，have）、

四看（look

at，see，watch，notice）。但这些动词变为被动语态时，必须加

上to。4.

不定式作主语（1）用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动

词用第三人称单数形式。To

see

is

to

believe.眼见为实。（2）当作主语的不定式（短语）较长时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正

的主语后置。常用的句型有：①It＋is＋adj.（＋for/of

sb）＋to

do

sth。It

is

important（for

us）to

learn

maths

well.（对于我们来说）学好数学很重要。It

is

kind

of

you

to

help

people

in

need.帮助有需要的人，你真是太好了！②It

takes/took

sb＋一段时间＋to

do

sth。It

takes

me

half

an

hour

to

ride

to

school

every

day.每天骑自行车上学花费我

半个小时。5.

不定式作定语（1）不定式作定语时，它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。常见的

能跟不定式作定语的名词有ability，attempt，chance，decision，effort，

need，plan，time等。There

are

lots

of

things

to

do

in

Sunshine

Town.在阳光镇有很多事情可做。

[七下－Unit

3]（2）如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有被动关系，不定式后应有

介词。I

want

some

paper

to

write

on.我想要一些写字的纸。（3）不定式修饰something，anything，nothing等复合不定代词时，放在

它们的后面，如果复合不定代词有形容词来修饰，词序是“复合不定代词

＋形容词＋不定式”。Have

you

got

anything

important

to

buy？你有什么重要的东西要买吗？I

had

something

cold

to

drink.我喝冷饮了。6.

不定式作表语动词不定式可以跟在连系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的

等。动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。My

dream

is

to

be/become

a

famous

scientist.我的梦想是成为一名著

名的科学家。三、含不定式的特殊结构1.

“too＋adj./adv.＋

to

do

sth”意为“太……（以至于）不能……”。You’re

never

too

old

to

learn.活到老学到老。[八下－Unit

5]2.

“adj./adv.＋enough

to

do

sth”意为“足够……做某事”。You’re

old

enough

to

learn

about

manners

now，Hobo.你已经长大了，该学

会礼貌了，霍波。[八下－Unit

5]

动词的－ing形式一、动词的－ing形式构成动词的－ing形式包含动名词和现在分词两种形式，由“动词原形＋

ing”构成，否定形式是“not＋动词原形＋ing”。二、动词的－ing形式的基本用法1.

动名词的基本用法句法功能说明示例作主语谓语动词用单数Eating

too

much

is

bad

for

your

health.吃得太多对你的健康害。作宾语动词宾语表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作I

like

playing

the

piano

very

much.我非常喜欢弹钢琴。作宾语介词宾语表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作Stamps

are

used

for

sending

letters.邮票是用来寄信的。句法功能说明示例作表语多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语His

hobby

is

playing

basketball.＝

Playing

basketball

is

his

hobby.打篮球

是他的爱好。作定语只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于被修饰词之前She

is

in

the

dinning

room.她在餐厅。We

should

improve

our

learning

methods.我们应该改进我们的学习方

法。2.

现在分词的基本用法句法功能说明示例作定语现在分词在句中作形容词用，

如果是一个单词，位于名词之

前；如果是分词短语，位于名

词之后China

is

a

developing

country.中国是一个发展中

国家。作表语现在分词作表语，一般表示主

语的性质和特征，含有“令

人……”的意思。主语多数情

况下是物The

news

sounds

encouraging.这则消息听起

来令人鼓舞。句法功能说明示例作状语分词作状语，可表时间、原

因、条件、让步、方式、伴

随、结果Being

a

student，he

likes

to

help

others.作为一名学生，

他喜欢帮助他人。作宾语补足语可以接现在分词作宾补的动词

有：see，watch，hear，

keep，find等I

heard

Lily

singing

in

the

classroom.我听见莉莉在教

室唱歌。三、常跟动名词作宾语的（短语）动词英语中有一些（短语）动词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的

有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，consider，suggest，avoid，be

worth，

be

busy，practice，have

fun，have

trouble/problems（in），feel

like，be

used

to（习惯于），give

up，keep

on，can’t

help，look

forward

to，pay

attention

to，devote…to。妙记我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：完成练习值得忙（finish，

practice，

be

worth，

be

busy）；继续习惯别放弃（keep

on，

be

used

to，

give

up）；考虑建议不禁想（consider，

suggest，

can’t

help，

feel

like）；喜欢思念要介意（enjoy，

miss，

mind）；避免期盼应注意（avoid，

look

forward

to，

pay

attention

to）。四、动词后接不定式和动名词的区别1.

remember

to

do

sth记着要去做某事；remember

doing

sth记得过去

做过某事I

remember

seeing

this

film

before.我记得以前看过这部电影。I

remember

to

see

the

film

this

evening.我记着今天晚上要去看电影。2.

forget

to

do

sth忘记要去做某事；forget

doing

sth忘记曾做过某事I

forgot

turning

off

the

lights

when

I

left

the

room.我忘了当我离开房间时已经

把灯关掉了I

forgot

to

turn

off

the

lights

when

I

left

the

room.离开房间时，我忘

记关灯了。3.

stop

doing

sth停止正做的事情；stop

to

do

sth停下（正做的事情）去做另

一件事She

stopped

reading

the

story.她停止读那个故事了。She

stopped

to

read

the

story.她停下来去读那个故事。She

stopped

doing

her

homework

to

watch

TV.

她停止做作业去看电视了。提醒stop

to

do

sth＝stop

doing

sth

to

do

sth，不定式在这里作目的状语。4.

go

on

doing

sth继续做某事；go

on

to

do

sth继续去做另一件事After

some

rest，we

will

go

on

doing

that.休息一会儿后，我们将继续做那件事。After

playing

football，we

will

go

on

to

play

basketball.我们踢完足球后，将

继续去打篮球。5.

try

doing

sth尝试着做某事；try

to

do

sth设法去做某事，努力去做某事They

will

try

doing

it

in

a

new

way.他们将试着用一种新的办法做此事。We

are

trying

to

learn

English

well.我们在努力去学好英语。6.

regret

doing

sth对做过的事后悔；regret

to

do

sth对未做的事表示遗憾I

regret

telling

you

the

bad

news.我后悔把这个坏消息告诉了你。I

regret

to

say

I’m

not

able

to

help

you

finish

it.很抱歉，我不能帮你

完成此事。7.

mean

to

do

sth打算做某事；mean

doing

sth意味着做某事I

meant

to

go

running

this

morning.今天早上我本打算去跑步的。This

new

order

will

mean

working

overtime.这个新订单意味着我们要加班加点了。拓展

need，require，want后跟不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：当need，require，

want作“需要”讲时，后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，也可跟不定式的被

动式。此时，need，want，require后动词的逻辑宾语必须是句子的主语。即sth

wants/needs

doing

（＝to

be

done）某物需要做；sb

want/need

to

do

sth某人想要/需

要做某事He

needs

to

do

his

homework.他需要做家庭作业了。The

flower

needs

watering.花需要浇水了。易错点

现在分词作宾语补足语和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：1.

常见的动词如see，

watch，

notice，

hear，

feel，

have等，接不带to的不

定式作宾语补足语，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接动词的－ing作

宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。I

heard

him

singing

in

the

classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。（“唱”这

个动作正在进行）I

heard

him

sing

in

the

classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。（“唱”这个动

作已经结束）2.

常用动词的－ing形式的句型①It＋is＋n.＋

doing

sth做某事是……的It’s

no

use

complaining.抱怨没有用。It

is

not

much

fun

playing

basketball.打篮球没什么意思。②There

be＋n./pron.＋

doing

sth有某人/物在做某事There

are

already

robots

working

in

factories.已经有在工厂里工作的

机器人了。③There

is

no＋doing

sth做某事是不可能的There

is

no

joking

about

such

a

serious

matter.这件事很严肃，开不得玩笑。④There

be＋（no）problem/difficulty/trouble＋doing

sth做某事（没）有困难There

is

no

trouble

finishing

the

work

on

time.按时完成工作没有困难。⑤Sb

spend（s）some

time/money

（in）doing

sth某人花费一些时间/金钱做

某事My

sister

always

spends

a

lot

of

money

buying

clothes.我的姐姐总是花很多钱

买衣服。

动词的－ed形式一、动词的－ed形式构成动词的－ed形式是指动词的过去分词，有规则变化和不规则变化两种

形式。二、动词的－ed形式基本用法句法功能说明示例作定语修饰名词，表示完成、被动

意义，可置于名词前，也可

置于名词后。I

know

the

boy

called

Jim.我

认识那个叫吉姆的男孩。作表语表示主语的性质、状态等。The

glass

is

broken.玻璃碎

了。句法功能说明示例作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质、状态或表

示完成、被动意义。You’ve

had

your

hair

cut！你

理发了！作状语表示原因或伴随等。Moved

by

their

speech，I

was

at

a

loss

what

to

say.被他们的

发言感动，我不知说什么

好。易错点现在分词和过去分词的区别1.

在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成

的动作the

rising

sun正在升起的太阳the

risen

sun升起来的太阳2.

have

sb

do

sth，

have

sb/sth

doing

sth和have

sth

done的区别①have

sb

do

sth意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，

make代替。不定

式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The

soldiers

had

the

boy

stand

with

his

back

to

his

father.士兵们让这个男孩背

对他的父亲站着。②have

sb/sth

doing

sth意为“让某人/物一直做某事”，have可以用keep代

替，现在分词（doing）所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。The

two

men

had

their

lights

burning

all

night

long.那两个人让他们的灯通宵

亮着。③have

sth

done意为“让某事被别人做”，即ask

sb

else

to

do

sth，过去分词

（done）所表示的动作由他人（非主语本身）来完成，含有被动意义。The

driver

had

his

car

washed

once

a

week.这个司机一周洗一次他的车。A组考点突破考点1

动词不定式1.

（2024扬州）China

has

made

great

efforts

other

countries

build

high－

speed

railways.A.helpB.to

helpC.helpingD.helpedB

2.

（2024南通海安一模）

the

Museum’s

90th

year，Nanjing

Museum

displayed

more

than

200

valuable

treasures

in

90

groups.A.CelebrateB.CelebratingC.To

celebratingD.To

celebrate3.

（2024南京江宁高新区中学三模）Environmental

protection

groups

have

advised

governments

laws

for

all

ocean

life.A.to

developingB.to

developC.developingD.developD

B

4.

（2024南通如皋、崇川二模）

students’

eyesight

and

make

sure

they

focus

on

their

studies，schools

will

have

more

rules

to

limit

mobile

phone

use.A.ProtectB.To

protectC.ProtectedD.Protecting5.

（2024扬州宝应二模）I

have

decided

to

go

to

Beijing

and

one

of

my

old

friends

there.A.visitingB.visitedC.visitsD.visitB

D

6.

（2024扬州梅岭中学教育集团二模）－What

else

should

I

pay

attention

to

my

English？－You

should

watch

English

videos

as

often

as

possible.A.improveB.improvesC.improvingD.to

improve7.

（2023南通）

healthy，we’ve

got

used

to

washing

hands

before

meals

and

using

public

chopsticks.A.KeepingB.KeepC.To

keepD.To

keepingD

C

8.

（2023扬州）Science

is

my

favourite

subject，so

I

have

prepared

the

STEAM

Club.A.joinB.joiningC.to

joinD.to

joiningC

考点2

动词的－ing形式9.

（2024宿迁）By

reading

the

public

signs，he

had

no

difficulty

in

the

shopping

mall.A.findB.foundC.to

findD.finding10.

（2024南通海安十三校联考二模）The

sun

was

shining

brightly，

everything

there

look

more

beautiful.A.makingB.to

makeC.and

makeD.and

makingD

A

11.

（2024常州金坛直溪中学一模）－Did

you

lie

to

your

mother

when

you

were

a

child？－Yes.

But

now

I

realize

I

was

wrong.

I

really

regret

that

silly

thing

to

my

mom.A.doB.to

doC.doingD.didC

12.

（2024宿迁沭阳一模）－Are

there

many

students

about

the

Mid－

term

Star

Awards

after

class？－Yes，of

course.A.talkB.to

talkC.talkingD.talked13.

（2024无锡江阴一模）A

new

underground

Jiangyin

with

Wuxi

has

been

in

use

for

several

months.A.comparingB.chargingC.connectingD.coveringC

C

14.

（2024扬州广陵一模）The

young

player

spends

four

hours

volleyball

every

day.A.practiseB.practisingC.to

practiseD.practised15.

（2024扬州树人学校一模）Many

students

have

difficulty

with

their

parents，which

causes

trouble

in

their

life.A.communicateB.to

communicateC.communicatingD.communicatedB

C

考点3

动词的－ed形式16.

（2024南京玄武一模）An

artificial

intelligence

chatbot

ChatGPT

by

OpenAI

is

one

of

the

fastest－growing

consumer

apps

in

history.A.decidedB.dividedC.developedD.discoveredC

17.

（2024宿迁宿城一模）－Be

quick！There

is

little

time

before

the

film

starts.－OK.

Let’s

go

now.A.leavingB.to

leaveC.leavesD.left18.

（2024常州金坛一模）

“the

Dragon

Year”，the

name

“Loong

Year”

increases

our

cultural

confidence

as

Chinese.A.Compare

withB.To

compare

withC.Compared

withD.Comparing

withD

C

B组

语段提升

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正

确形式

重难点拨Hi

Alice，How

are

you？I

want

to

tell

you

about

my

trip

to

the

city

space

museum

two

days

ago.

I

have

never

been

there

before，so

I

was

1.

⁠

（excite）！I

was

taking

care

of

my

little

sister

and

she

was

bored

so

I

said，

“We

are

going

on

an

2.

（usual）experience！”excited

unusual

When

we

arrived，we

started

to

explore（探索）.

The

space

museum

is

very

large

and

full

of

interesting

and

exciting

objects

3.

（touch）.

The

first

room

you

enter

looks

like

deep

space.

There

is

information

about

different

planets

with

a

quiz（知识竞赛）at

the

end.

The

4.

⁠

（win）has

a

chance

to

invent

a

name

for

a

planet－that’s

exciting，isn’t

it？

The

5.

（two）room

looks

like

the

inside

of

a

spaceship.

You

can

touch

an

astronaut’s

spacesuit（宇航服）.

It

looks

really

heavy！I

don’t

know

how

an

astronaut

can

wear

it.

It

looks

a

little

old.

I

don’t

know

when

it

6.

（make）either.

And

you

can

see

where

the

astronauts

prepare

their

food.

Did

you

know

they

use

a

knife，fork

and

spoon

to

eat？I

didn’t.

to

touch

winner

second

wasmade

I

thought

it

was

all

in

bags.We

were

looking

at

the

oven

from

the

spaceship

when

my

sister

7.

⁠

（tell）me

she

was

hungry.

So

we

went

to

have

a

snack.

They

were

preparing

a

pizza（比萨饼）in

the

restaurant

and

the

smell

of

food

always

makes

me

hungry

so

we

had

a

piece

of

pizza！It

was

delicious.

While

we

8.

⁠

（eat）a

pizza，they

were

baking（烘焙）biscuits，so

we

ate

some.

Don’t

worry！We

have

bought

some

9.

you－you

will

love

them！They

look

like

rockets

and

taste

like

honey！told

were

eating

for

After

lunch，we

explored

more

of

the

museum

10.

stayed

for

the

rest

of

the

day.

They

were

turning

off

the

lights

when

we

left！Have

you

ever

been

to

a

museum？See

you

soon！Helenand

素养专练3动词填空1.

（2024扬州）My

father

always

（避免）clothes

shopping，for

he

doesn’t

care

about

his

clothing.2.

（2024无锡）

（keep）calm

and

carry

on.

There’s

still

a

long

way

to

go.3.

（2024无锡）The

children

did

a

lot

of

research

in

the

lab

⁠

（finish）the

science

project.4.

（2024宿迁）Judy

（承诺）to

serve

people

in

need

when

he

was

in

college.avoids

Keep

to

finish

promised

5.

（2023南通）－How

heavy

the

rain

is！－It

started

at

about

seven

this

morning.

I