DB43-T 2314-2022 特种设备焊接残余应力盲孔法测试方法

ICS25.160.40ICS25.160.40CCSA12DB43/T2314—2022特种设备焊接残余应力盲孔法测试方法TestmethodforweldingresidualstressofspecialequipmentbyblindholemethodI Ⅲ 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 7 8 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。李检保、邵支农、林稳、许福、陈俊、杨才千、张衡、向丽、曾凡小、袁朝阳、罗奇志、王观次、1特种设备焊接残余应力盲孔法测试方法本文件适用于可消耗或小浅孔不影响使用的特种设备焊缝处进行平面应力梯度较小的焊接残余应SL499钻孔应变法测量残余应力的标CB3395残余应力测试方法钻孔特种设备焊接残余应力Residualstressinweldingofspecial2符号和说明SymbolsanddesD——测量圆直径；κ——残余应力初算值与试件屈服强度的比值。εd——因钻削加工引起的塑性应变；εe——纯弹性释放应变；εp——由应力集中引起的塑性应变。、ε3e——x，y方向应变花中的弹性εxp、εyp——实测应变中x、y方向的塑性应变分量；ε,xp、ε,yp——单向标定应变中x、y方向的塑性应变分量；σ——标定时的外加应力，其数值从零到材料的屈服点，N/mm2；εs——标定材料的屈服应变。达到Ra3.2～6.4，面积不小于应变花面积的四倍，且不应采用明显改变测试表面应力状况的刮磨或研表面预处理应严格限制，不应使用明显改变表面残余应力状况的方法。详细测35.1.2应变计应阵列于圆形图样上，与应变花中45.3.3操作应变计（粘贴、焊引线、防护涂层）时应严格按照出厂说明书操作，并在钻孔过程5.3.4应变计应保证永久性连接，应确认其安装稳定性。接DGLbGWbD0.309D0.309D0.3455DD0.309D0.223D0.3455DD0.176D30°扇形0.412Da直径为mm，括号中数据为英寸。6.1.1不确定的钻孔测试技术操作规程易导致不精确的测试结6.1.2在条件达到的情况下，应对盲孔法与其他技术进行验证，进行不确定性分析，以确定和量化其6.2.1将粘贴好电阻应变花的特种设备工件安装在试验机上，并将测量导6.2.2使用钻孔方法，在不产生明显的加工应力状况下，整个孔深范围内测定的残余应力偏差应不超5 详细计算步骤见CB3395，计算过程中8.1.1特种设备因其材料、结构的特殊性，在焊接过程中易产生较高的焊接残余应力。在盲孔法测试ε=εd+εe+εp„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（1）σx=B(εεy4AB„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（2）σy=B(εεy-A(εx-εy)4AB„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（3）在弹性范围内，应变释放系数A、B均为常数。而当孔边材料屈εx,,p-εy,p}„„„„„„„„（4）}„„„„„„„„（5）从公式（4）和公式（5）可以看出，测量εx,,)„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（6）公式（6）中的分子项是实测时的释放应变量，分母项6对于m＞1和m＜1的情况，为便于使用，可将应变释放系数A、B按应力水平分为若干等级使用，D0h15-4+3-25-4+3-2235-425-4+3-78A.1为了保证测量精度，要求应变花测量中心与钻孔中心完全重合。当钻孔中心与应变花中心的不重A.2当测量残余应力采用直角应变花时，若钻孔有偏心，如图A.1所R1、R2、R3变成R、R、R，并与花心到应变花中心的连线形成α1、α2、α3角。同时应变释放系数A值、B值也因距离的变化而变成A1、B1，A2、B2，A3、B3。A.4用刻度显微镜（最小读数为0.01mm）测量孔心到应变花中心距离在X轴、Y轴方向上的分量x值、y值。A.5按公式（A.1）～公式（A.3）计算孔心到3个应变花中心的距离R、R、R：„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.1）„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.3）9 +ε)2σ„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.4）B=(ε1-ε3)2σ„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.5）α„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.6）α2=arctan0.707R2-y-π„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.7）0.707R2-x4α3=arctan„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.8）Y=β-α1„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.9）Y2=45-(β+α2)„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.10）Y3=90-(β+α3)„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.11）ε1,=εcosα1„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.12）ε2cosα2„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.13）ε3,=ε3cosα3„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.14）H=A1Y1„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.15）M=A1-B1cos2Y1„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.16）„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.17）„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.18）„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（A.19）σ2=(Pε1,-Hε3,)(MP-QH)„„