2024-2025学年高中英语Unit2HeroesPeriodThree练习含解析北师大版必修1

PAGEPAGE2PeriodThreeLesson2HistoryMakersⅠ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)1.revolutionn.革命2.republicn.共和国3.racismn.种族主义4.protestn.抗议5.marchvi.&n.游行示威；行军6.smartadj.聪慧的；美丽的7.programmen.节目；安排；方案8.experiencen.经验；阅历v.经验，经受；体验9.influencen.影响10.victoryn.成功Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共6小题；每小题3分，满分18分)11.foundvt.建立，创立12.opinionn.看法，看法，主见13.personallyadv.就自己而言→personaladj.个人的→personn.人；个人14.equaladj.同等的→equallyadv.同等地15.strugglen.斗争，拼搏vi.奋斗；努力；挣扎16.agreev.同意，赞成Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分)17.fightfor为……而战；为……而奋斗18.inmyopinion/view在我看来19.makeaspeech发表演讲20.begin/startwith以……起先21.taketurnstodosth.轮番做某事22.gotoprison坐牢，入狱23.continuetodosth.接着做某事24.workwithsb.和某人一起工作；和某人共事25.inprison在服刑；坐牢26.judgeby/from从……推断Ⅳ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题8分，满分32分)27.Ifpossible，trytoguesstheanswer.假如可能的话，尽力猜出答案。28.It’ssadthathewaskilledin1968byawhitemanwhohatedblackpeople.让人难受的是，1968年他被一个憎恨黑人的白人杀害了。29.In1849，shebecamethefirstwomanevertoreceiveamedicaldegreeintheUSA...1849年她成为首位在美国获得医学学位的女性……30.JaneGoodallhasspentnearlyfortyyearsstudyinganimalsinthenationalparkofGombeinTanzania.珍·古道尔花了近四十年的时间探讨坦桑尼亚冈贝国家公园里的动物。重点词汇HefoughtfortherightsofblackpeopleintheUSA.他为美国黑人的权利而斗争。fightfor为……而战；为……而奋斗fightagainst与……作战fightwith与……并肩作战；与……打架fightabout争辩……，争吵……(1)Theyarefightingforhigherpays.他们正在为提高工资而斗争。(2)BritainfoughtwithFranceagainstGermanyintheSecondWorldWar.二战中英国和法国并肩与德国作斗争。(3)Heandhiswifearealwaysfightingaboutwhowilldrivethecar.他和妻子总在为由谁来开车而吵架。Heledthe1911revolutionandfoundedthefirstRepublicofChina.他领导了1911年的辛亥革命，建立了最初的中华民国。foundvt.建立；创立※found...on/upon...把……建立在……上※foundationn.创建；创办；基础※foundern.创建者；创办者；创始人留意：found的过去式和过去分词是founded；find的过去式和过去分词是found。(1)Goodeatinghabitsandregularexercisearethefoundationofahealthylife.良好的饮食习惯和定期熬炼是健康生活的基础。(2)Theshopisstillrunbythefounderandhistwosons.这家店铺仍由其创办者和他的两个儿子经营着。(3)ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded(found)in1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。(4)Asweallknow，agoodrelationshiphastobefoundedon/upontrust.众所周知，良好的关系必需建立在信任的基础上。Iagreewithyou，butpersonally，IthinkMartinLutherKingisalsoquiteimportant，because...我同意你的看法，但就个人而言，我认为马丁·路德·金同样很重要，因为……personallyadv.就自己而言；亲自※personaladj.个人的；私人的※personn.人；个人inperson亲自※personalityn.特性；人格(1)Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople’shomeeitherpersonallyorthroughtheircompanies.他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。(2)Heisamanwithastrongpersonality.他是一个特性很强的人。(3)Ihavesomethingpersonal(person)totroubleyou.我有点私事麻烦你。[句型转换](4)Personally，Ithinkweshouldstartatonce.→Inmyopinion/view，weshouldstartatonce.[单句改错](5)Hecan’tattendthemeetingeq\f(on,in)person.Aftersomestruggle，blacksandwhiteswereabletosittogetheronbuses.经过几番努力，黑人能够和白人一起在公共汽车上入座。strugglen.斗争，拼搏vi.奋斗；努力；挣扎struggletodosth.努力做某事strugglefor...为……而斗争struggleagainst/with同……作斗争struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来(1)Policesaidtherewerenosignsofastruggle.警方说没有搏斗的迹象。(2)She’sstrugglingtobring(bring)upafamilyonaverylowincome.她靠着微薄的收入艰难地供给着一家人。(3)Hermotherhasbeenstrugglingagainst/withillnessformanyyears.她妈妈已经与疾病抗争了很多年。(4)Shestruggledtoherfeetandcontinuedwalking.她挣扎着站起来接着走。Hisfirstvictorywastowintheequalrightsforblackstositonbuses.他的第一次成功是为黑人赢得了在公共汽车上入座的同等权利。equaladj.相等的，同等的；能胜任的vt.等于；在……方面比得上，与……匹敌n.同等的人，相等物※beequalin在……方面相等beequalto(doing)sth.与……相等；能胜任(做)某事withoutequal无与伦比※equallyadv.同等地；同样地※equalityn.相等；同等；均等(1)Womenaredemandingequalpayforequalwork.妇女要求同工同酬。(2)Ievendon’tknowapoundisroughlyequalto500grams，soI’mnotequaltodoing(do)thejob.我甚至连一磅约等于500克都不知道，所以我不能胜任做这份工作。(3)Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequally(equal)important.学会应对社会同样重要。[句型转换](4)Theyareofequalability.→Theyareequalinability.Hemadeafamousspeechtherebeginningwiththewords：“Ihaveadream...”他马丁在那儿发表了以“我有一个幻想……”开头的闻名演讲。beginwith(＝startwith)以……起先tobegin/startwith首先，起先插入语beginassth.起初是……，原来是……；从……做起(1)Athousandjourneybeginswiththefirststep.千里之行，始于足下。(2)Rogerbeganhiscareerasanofficeboy.罗杰的事业是从一名办公室杂务员起先的。[句型转换](3)Tobeginwith，anewstadiumhasbeenbuiltup.(2024·全国Ⅲ)→Tostartwith/Firstofall，anewstadiumhasbeenbuiltup.经典句式Ifpossible，trytoguesstheanswer.假如可能的话，尽力猜出答案。ifpossible是ifitispossible的省略。类似的省略结构还有：ifnecessary假如有必要的话ifany假如有的话ifso假如是这样的话ifnot否则；不然的话ifever假如曾经发生的话(1)Iwillhelpyouif(itis)necessary.假如有必要的话，我会帮助你。[选词填空]ifpossible，ifso，ifnot，ifever(2)Iseverybodyfeelingcold？Ifnot，letusopenthewindows.(3)Thegirlseldom，ifever，turnedtoherbrotherforprotection.(4)—Haveyougotanyplansforthecomingholiday?—Yes.Ifpossible，I’mgoingtovisitmygrandparents.(5)SomeofyoumayhavefinishedUnitOne.Ifso，youcangoontoUnitTwo.[句型转换](6)Washtheapplesinwaterandpickoutthebadones，ifthereareany.→Washtheapplesinwaterandpickoutthebadones，ifany.In1849，shebecamethefirstwomanevertoreceiveamedicaldegreeintheUSA...1849年她成为首位在美国获得医学学位的女性……※动词不定式短语toreceive...作定语，修饰前面的中心词woman；thefirst作定语修饰woman，并且woman可以省略，干脆用thefirsttoreceive...。※不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。※当被修饰成分前有序数词或形容词的最高级或theonly，thevery等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。(1)Hewasthelasttocome.他是最终一个来的人。(2)HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowin(win)thisaward.(2024·全国Ⅲ)他是第一个获得此奖的中国人。(3)I’mtoobusy，soIhavenotimetowritetoyou.我太忙，所以没有时间给你写信。[单句改错](4)Jackistheonlystudenteq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))haveacarofhisowninourclass.Ⅰ.单词拼法1.Personally(就个人而言)，Ithinkheisdishonest，butmanypeoplebelieveinhim.2.Therichmanfounded(创立)afoodcompanyinthetownwherehewasborn.3.Thearmyofficersledarevolution(革命)againsttheking.4.What’syouropinionabouthisplanfortheproject?5.Afterashortmarch(行军)，thearmyenteredthevillage.6.Shespokeofherstruggles(斗争)withshyness.7.Wewillbedemandingequal(同等的)rightsatwork.8.Andorraisasmallmountainrepublic(共和国)betweenFranceandSpain.Ⅱ.完成句子9.Heisthebestmantodothejob.他是做这份工作的最佳人选。10.Ifyouwanttogetthejob，you’llhavetofightforit.假如你想要得到这份工作，你就要为之奋斗。11.OurEnglishteacheroftenbeginsourclasswithanEnglishsong.我们的英语老师常用一首英文歌曲起先英语课。12.Watercanbechangedintovapourif(itis)heated.假如水被加热就会变成水蒸气。13.Thetwotownsareequalinsize.这两个城镇的大小相等。基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Asisreported，itismorethan100yearssinceTsinghuaUniversitywasfounded(found).2.Personally(person)，Idon’tthinksmokingisagoodwayofrelaxation.3.BarackObamaprovedtobeoneofthemostpopular(popular)presidentsinAmerica.4.Everyoneknowsthefactthattheearthrunsaroundthesun.5.Ithinksheistheverypersonforthejob.Tobeginwith，sheisveryhonest.6.Theheadmastermadeaspeechattheschoolopeningceremony.7.Anyone，whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver，shouldbeequally(equal)respected.8.Twodogswerestrugglingwitheachotherforapieceofbone.9.Itiscertainthatshewilldowellintheexam.10.Thegirlissohard-workingthatsheisalwaysthefirsttoarrive(arrive)atschool.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(fightfor，beginwith，judge...by...，beequalto，inmyopinion)11.I’mnotsurewhetherheisequaltothetask.12.Inmyopinion，weshouldtryourbesttorealizeourdreams.13.Asweallknow，ayearbeginswithJanuary.14.Hesaidhemustfightforhisfamilyandmanyothers.15.Asthesayinggoes，“Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.”Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)16.Ifeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(it))或ispossible，makeaphonecallbeforetheinterview.17.Shehasstruggledeq\f(for,against)cancerforthreeyears.18.Afterarrivingthere，we’llspendthewholemorningeq\f(visit,visiting)theexhibitionareas.19.ItisbelievedthatRomuluseq\f(found,founded)theAncientRomanEmpire.20.Thewoundedsoldierstruggledtohiseq\f(foot,feet)andkeptonmoving.实力提升Ⅳ.阅读理解AWhenSteveJobswasbornonFebruary24,1955，inSanFrancisco，California，hisunmarriedmotherdecidedtoputhimforadoptionbecauseshewantedagirl.Sointhemiddleofthenight，hismothercalledalawyernamedPaulJobsandsaid，“Wehaveanunexpectedbabyboy；doyouwanthim？”ButhismothertoldhisfutureparentstopromisethattheywouldsendJobstocollege.AfterSteveJobsgraduatedfromhighschool，hewenttocollegebutdecidedtodropoutbecauseitwassoexpensivethathehadtosleeponthefloorinhisfriends’rooms.At20，heandafriend(SteveWozniak)startedacompanyinagarageonApril1,1976.Jobsnamedtheircompany—Appleinmemoryofahappysummerhehadspentatanorchard(果园)inOregon.After10yearsofhardtimeandfailures，startingfromtwokidsworkinginagarage，Applecompanyeventuallygrewintoabigcompanywithover4,000employees.At30，Jobs，however，wasfiredfromthecompanyheco-founded.Butafterhehadtoleavethecompany，Applewasunderheavypressurefromrival(对手)Microsoftandin1996postedbillionsofdollarsinlosses.AppleneededSteveJobsandhewasappointedasApple’sCEOin1997.Underhisleadership，ApplereturnedtoprofitabilityandintroducednewproductssuchastheiPhoneandtheiPad.SteveJobsoncesaid，“Sometimeslifehitsyouintheheadwithabrick.Don’tlosefaith.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You’vegottofindwhatyoulove.Ifyouhaven’tfoundityet，keeplooking.”语篇解读文章介绍了乔布斯的家庭、学业状况和如何创办苹果公司的。通过乔布斯的话可知，爱好是成功的关键。21.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Jobs’unmarriedmotherwantedagirl.B.PaulJobswasacollegeteacher.C.Jobsfinishedhiseducation.D.Jobs’unmarriedmotheradoptedhim.答案A解析细微环节理解题。由第一段中“...hisunmarriedmotherdecidedtoputhimforadoptionbecauseshewantedagirl.”可知，乔布斯的未婚妈妈想要一个女孩。故选A。22.SteveJobsdidn’tfinishhiscollegeeducationbecausehe.A.wantedtostartacompanyB.hadfinancial(金融的)problemsC.tooknointerestinhismajorD.hatedtoshareroomswithhisfriends答案B解析细微环节理解题。由第一段中“...hewenttocollegebutdecidedtodropoutbecauseitwassoexpensivethathehadtosleeponthefloorinhisfriends’rooms.”可知，乔布斯没有完成高校学业主要是因为他的经济问题。故选B。23.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatSteveJobssaid?A.Interestisthekeytosuccess.B.Hopehelpsussucceed.C.Attitudeiseverything.D.Couragegoeswithconfidence.答案A解析推理推断题。由文章最终一段乔布斯所说的话可知，爱好是成功的关键。故选A。BHarrietTubmanwasbornaslave.Shedidn’tgetachancetogotoschool.Asachild，Harriethadtoworkveryhardinthefieldsallday.Thatway，herownercouldmakealotofmoneywhenhesoldhiscrops.Harrietdidn’tthinkthatshewasbeingtreatedfairly.AfterHarrietgrewup，sheranawayfromtheplantation(庄园)tothenorthernUnitedStates.ThereandinCanada，blackpeoplecouldbefree.Harrietlikedtobefree.Shefeltsorryforalloftheblackpeoplewhowerestillslaves.HarrietreturnedtotheSouthtohelpotherslavestorunaway.Shemadesurethattheygottothenorthandbecamefree.Harrietwasingreatdangerbecauseofalawthathadjustbeenpassed.Thelawsaiditwasnotpermitted(允许)tohelpslavesrunaway.Shealsofoundoutthattheslaveownerssaidtheywouldpay$40,000toanyonewhocouldcatchHarrietTubman.ThereweremanystoriesaboutHarriethelpingslavesrunaway.Inall，shemadenineteentripsbacktotheSouthandguidedabout300slavestofreedom.WhentheCivilWarbrokeout，theNorthernStatesfoughtagainsttheSouthernStates.HarrietstoodfortheNorthernStatesbecausetheybelievedthatslavesshouldbefree.Sheworkedasanurseandspied(侦察)behindenemylinesuntiltheNorthernStateswontheWar.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。生来就是奴隶的哈莉特·塔布曼对受到的不公允待遇不满，逃离了奴隶主的限制，并且帮助大量奴隶逃走。24.HarrietTubmanwasonce.A.atravellerfromCanadaB.aplantationownerC.asoldierinAmericaD.ablackslaveofAmerica答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据文章开头“HarrietTubmanwasbornaslave.”和其次段首句“AfterHarrietgrewup，sheranawayfromtheplantation(庄园)tothenorthernUnitedStates.”和第三段的“HarrietreturnedtotheSouth”可得出答案。25.WhywasHarrietingreatdanger?A.Becauseshehelpedotherslavesrunawayandbrokethelawatthattime.B.Becauseshekilledseveralslaveowners.C.BecauseshesoldmanyblackslavestoownersintheNorth.D.Becauseshetookawaysomethingworth$40,000.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据文章倒数其次段可知答案。26.Theslaveownerswouldpay$40,000toanyonewhocouldcatchHarrietbecause.A.300slavesgatheredaroundherB.theywereafraidofwhatshewasdoingC.shecouldmakeevenmoremoneythanthatD.thelawontheslaveshadjustbeenpassed答案B解析推理推断题。哈莉特帮助了大量奴隶逃走，这损害了奴隶主的利益，他们自然担忧胆怯 。27.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.BlackpeoplewerefreeinAmericaandCanada.B.Harrietstayedontheplantationuntilshewassetfree.C.HarrietworkedfortheNorthernStatesintheCivilWar.D.TheSouthernStatessupportedHarrietinhelpingtheslaves.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据文章最终两句可推断出C项是正确答案。Ⅴ.七选五IsadoraDuncanIntheearly1900sthedancerIsadoraDuncancreatedanewformofdance.Duncanrefusedtoacceptthestrictrulesofballet(芭蕾舞)，whichwasthemainformofdanceatthetime.28DuncanwasborninSanFrancisco，CaliforniaoneitherMay26,1877，orMay27,1878.Shewasoneoffourchildrenraisedbytheirmother，apoormusicteacher.AtfirsthernamewasAngelaDuncan.29Duncanlearnedballetasachild.However，ballet’smovementsdidnotpleaseher.30DuncanperformedinNewYorkCityandChicago，Illinois，butshedidnothavemuchsuccess.Atage21sheleftforEurope.Duncan’sdancinginterestedEuropeanaudiences.Shedancedtoclassicalmusic，justasballetdancersdid.31ShewasthefirstWesterndancertoperformwithoutshoesonherfeetandwithouttights(紧身衣).SheworealoosedressbasedonancientGreekclothes.DuncanfinallyopeneddanceschoolsinFrance，Germany，theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.Shetaughtherstudentshowtofollowthenaturalmovementsandrhythmsoftheirbodies.32In1922DuncanmarriedapoetandshediedinNice，FranceonSeptember14,1927.A.Duncan’sideasalsoinfluencedmanymoderndancers.B.WhileinherteensshechangedherfirstnametoIsadora.C.Duncanbeganherdancingcareerbyteachinglessonsinherhome.D.ButDuncanmadeupmanyofhermovesduringeachperformance.E.Shespentmostoftherestofherlifeinthismanner，touringinEurope